Get a limited edition MinuteEarth YETI tumbler when you become a new patron at the $6 or above tiers or upgrade an existing pledge: patreon.com/minuteearth Humans are the only animals known to faint due to triggers like shock, fear, or pain; this is due to a combination of our massive brains and upright stance. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: "Fight or flight": an instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation that readies animals (including humans) to either resist forcibly or escape Fainting: loss of consciousness caused by a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain, also known as “syncope.” Vasovagal syncope: a type of fainting that happens when your body overreacts to an emotional trigger like being in danger, seeing blood, or even just hearing some shocking news. Tonic immobility: an instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation that causes some animals to relax their muscles and “freeze” in place, sometimes causing them to fall over Jump scare: a technique often used in horror films meant to scare the audience with a sudden change on screen, usually paired with a loud sound SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Julián Gustavo Gómez (@thejuliangomez) | Script Writer, Narrator, and Director Josh Taira | Illustration, Video Editing, and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia Rius David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich Peter Reich • Ever Salazar • Kate Yoshida OTHER CREDITS ***************** Piano Jump Scare Stinger by TheSoundFXGuy_YT of freesound.org freesound.org/people/TheSoundFXGuy_YT/sounds/534218/ Licensed under CC BY 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Alboni, Paolo, and Marco Alboni. "Origin and Evolution of the Vasovagal Reflex." Vasovagal Syncope. Springer, Cham, 2015. 3-17. Alboni, P., Alboni, M. “Typical vasovagal syncope as a “defense mechanism” for the heart by contrasting sympathetic overactivity.” Clin Auton Res 27, 253–261 (2017). doi.org/10.1007/s10286-017-0446-2 Blanc, Jean-Jacques, Paolo Alboni, and David G. Benditt. "Vasovagal syncope in humans and protective reactions in animals." Ep Europace 17.3 (2015): 345-349. Bracha, H., Bienvenu, O. & Person, D. “Evolution and fear-fainting.” Clin Auton Res 16, 299 (2006). doi.org/10.1007/s10286-006-0359-y Buckey JC, Peshock RM, Blomqvist CG. “Deep venous contribution to hydrostatic blood volume change in the human leg.” Am J Cardiol. 1988 Sep 1;62(7):449-53. doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(88)90976-9. Furst, Branko. "The Effect of Gravity and Upright Posture on Circulation." The Heart and Circulation. Springer, Cham, 2020. 319-341. Kozlowska K, Walker P, McLean L, Carrive P. “Fear and the Defense Cascade: Clinical Implications and Management.” Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015 Jul-Aug;23(4):263-87. doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000065. Roelofs, Karin. "Freeze for action: neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372.1718 (2017): 20160206. Sheldon, Robert S., and Roopinder K. Sandhu. "The search for the genes of vasovagal syncope." Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 6 (2019): 175. Sun, Benjamin C., Jennifer A. Emond, and Carlos A. Camargo Jr. "Direct medical costs of syncope-related hospitalizations in the United States." The American journal of cardiology 95.5 (2005): 668-671. van Dijk JG. “Fainting in animals.” Clin Auton Res. 2003 Aug;13(4):247-55. doi.org/10.1007/s10286-003-0099-1.

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