Part 1 of 3: the role of economic policies and international institutions in the 'underdevelopment' of Africa. Howard Nicholas is senior lecturer of economics at the International Institute of Social Studies. Recorded on October 14th 2015 in the Hague - International Institute of Social Studies. Part 2: www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3xlO7zt0Os Part 3: www.youtube.com/watch?v=06FSITmZlV0 What are the root causes of “underdevelopment” in Africa? What is the role of trade and institutions like the IMF? What is the role of imperialist wars and colonial legacy? What are the hopeful social movements and initiatives in different African nations? A critical discussion organized by: - Critical Collective: www.facebook.com/Criticalcollective - International Relations Committee - ISS