Modes Of Subsistence
A discussion of Agriculture as the basis of "civilization." Table of Contents: 00:00 - Modes of subsistence:agriculture 00:54 - Agriculture did not supplant hunting and gathering 02:46 - Your own data shows it 03:44 - Sustenance requires links to the earth’s cycles 04:53 - What does astronomy have to do with agriculture? 05:02 - The stars and sky in pyramid Paiute (kuyuidokado) legend 06:39 - The wheel of the year 07:55 - The wheel of the year: pagan calendar of northern europe 08:12 - The wheel of the year: seasonsAutumn 09:14 - The wheel of the year: seasonsWinter 09:39 - The wheel of the year: seasonsSpring 10:10 - The wheel of the year: seasonsSummer 10:16 - Many cultures had calendars to track these cycles in their locations 11:14 - Lunar calendars 12:04 - Sky disks and Star charts 13:11 - Calendars help agrarian societies determine Agricultural activities 13:31 - River drainage map 13:59 - Largest drainage area rivers 14:16 - Largest discharge (by volume) 14:33 - Earliest known civilizations 14:35 - Largest discharge (by volume) 14:39 - Earliest known civilizations 15:28 - Zoom in: north america 16:00 - Zoom in: south america 16:48 - 17:18 - Review:Earliest known civilizations 17:26 - River drainagev. forest 17:29 - Review:Earliest known civilizations 17:30 - River drainagev. forest 19:20 - Review:Earliest known civilizations 19:22 - River drainagev. forest 19:48 - Mesopotamian agriculture 21:10 - First: grain cultivation 22:18 - In the Americas, there were no wild grains to cultivate 23:33 - Second: Irrigation 24:06 - chinampas 25:07 - Third: domestication of animals 25:29 - Fourth: ploughing 26:03 - Fifth: harrowingSixth: planting or seedingseventh: watering 26:55 - Fourth: ploughing 26:56 - chinampas 26:57 - Second: Irrigation 27:14 - chinampas 27:15 - Fifth: harrowingSixth: planting or seedingseventh: watering 27:39 - Eighth: harvest 27:48 - Crops 28:48 - In order to benefit from agriculture, one must have storage 30:19 - Stationary life leads to fortification 32:04 - Fortification leads to 33:45 - Reconstructed ziggurat of ur 34:00 - Fortification leads to 34:01 - Stationary life leads to fortification 34:03 - Fortification leads to 34:05 - Reconstructed ziggurat of ur 34:06 - This tends to be true whenever the people’s needs are not in balance with the land on which they livesubsistence example: milpas 37:03 - civilization 40:20 - Our idea of civilization is influenced by saint augustine 43:11 - culture 44:18 - So what vocabulary is appropriate for peoples who neither build cities nor cultivate land? 44:51 - forestry 49:15 - Forest peoples 50:25 - Amazonian orchardsthere are many anthropogenic ancientlandscapes that are not agricultural 52:43 - When we begin our study of human societies and ways of life with only “civilization” and “culture,” we erase a majority of peoples from the history of humankind and invalidate their modes of existence 54:35 - To return to this question: what vocabulary is appropriate for peoples who neither build cities nor cultivate land? 55:14 - What do we call peoples whose relationships to land and each other are not characterized by permanent settlement or the cultivation of crops? 55:30 - To return to this question: what vocabulary is appropriate for peoples who neither build cities nor cultivate land? 55:33 - What do we call peoples whose relationships to land and each other are not characterized by permanent settlement or the cultivation of crops? 55:58 - Names for groups of peoples with a different relationship to each other 57:41 - Names for homes of peoples with a different relationship to land 59:07 - Modes of subsistence:living with the land
