In the aftermath of the revolutions and upheaval in 18th and early 19th century Europe, there was a hunger for reform across the continent. Reformers like Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, and Auguste Comte proposed radical new ideas, and at the same time, regular people began to stand up and ask for greater equality, and a louder voice in how they were governed. Results were mixed, but a lot of the ideas that emerged during this time are still echoing in our world today. Sources -Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia: People and Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. -Hunt, Lynn et al. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. 6th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2019. -Judson, Pieter M. The Hapsburg Empire: A New History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, -Kent, Susan Kingsley. A New History of Britain: Four Nations and an Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. -Sperber, Jonathan. Revolutionary Europe 1780-1850. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2017. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at www.patreon.com/crashcourse Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Indika Siriwardena, Avi Yashchin, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haixiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore -- Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Tumblr - thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: patreon.com/crashcourse CC Kids: www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids #crashcourse #history #europeanhistory

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