SciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription. For life to evolve on Earth, a bunch of complex organic molecules had to evolve a way to assemble into cells. So how did those proto-cells get cell membranes? Some researchers have a new hunch. Also, scientists are borrowing a trick from cheap laxatives to improve energy storage in supercapacitors. Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/08/06/1900275116 www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/153110702762470482 link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-9212-1_75 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003986112002652 www.pnas.org/content/110/33/13272.short www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-08/uow-fcm080619.php www.nature.com/articles/s41563-019-0449-6 www.explainthatstuff.com/how-supercapacitors-work.html www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-08/uob-stb080919.php gigaom.com/2011/07/12/how-ultracapacitors-work-and-why-they-fall-short/ www.nature.com/articles/natrevmats20155 www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/A/amphiphilic.html www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/dioctyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate oregontechsfcdn.azureedge.net/oregontech/library-documents/chapter-4-14.pdf?sfvrsn=918db860_2 www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/emulsions-making-oil-and-water-mix-april-2014

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