During most of the past 2 million years or so, there were several species of hominins on Earth at any given time. Like, you might be familiar with our famous extinct cousins, the Neanderthals. But since 2010 we’ve been uncovering evidence of another mysterious cousin that we lived alongside, the Denisovans! Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-origin-of-our-species.html humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-Neanderthalensis www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/who-were-the-Neanderthals.html www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00672-2 discovermagazine.com/2016/dec/meet-the-Denisovans www.sciencenews.org/article/first-fossil-Denisovan-skull-cave-siberia www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/first-fossil-jaw-Denisovans-finally-puts-face-elusive-human-relatives blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2019/04/11/Denisovan-indonesia-humans-new-species/#.XOdjs4hKg2w leakeyfoundation.org/new-studies-denisova-cave/ www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/07/tibetans-inherited-high-altitude-gene-ancient-human www.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/science/inuit-greenland-Denisovans.html www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)31267-2 europepmc.org/articles/pmc6130845 Images: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhodesian_Men.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neanderthaler,_Oase,_Rum%C3%A4nien_(Daniela_Hitzemann).jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neandertaler_reconst.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dermoplastie_de_la_Femme_de_Flor%C3%A8s_par_Elisabeth_Dayn%C3%A8s,_2007.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Denisova_Phalanx_distalis.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Denisova_4_Denisovan_molar_2.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiahe_mandible.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Denisova_Cave_lithic_and_osseous_artifacts.jpg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison_en_blackbackground.png commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spreading_homo_sapiens_la.svg www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/178546.php?from=403370 www.istockphoto.com/photo/traffic-in-the-lhasa-old-town-with-potala-palace-gm1135675966-302202596 www.istockphoto.com/photo/colorful-inuit-houses-at-the-fjord-nuuk-gm628608846-111651479 www.istockphoto.com/vector/human-evolution-stages-from-australopithecus-to-homo-sapiens-sapiens-flat-vector-gm1018211152-273738482 www.istockphoto.com/vector/primitive-people-in-stone-age-cartoon-icons-primitive-man-cartoon-vector-in-animal-gm1090046268-292422260