We tend to think of fossils as dinosaur bones or petrified wood, but what if we told you that there's a lot we can learn from fossilized waste? Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Alex Schuerch, Alex Hackman, Andrew Finley Brenan, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: Bird vomit: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982216301373 www.earthtouchnews.com/discoveries/discoveries/worlds-oldest-bird-vomit-heaved-out-in-china/ News article about Wang et al 2016 (full disclosure, I wrote this article) www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2017.1278702 www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32202-x Poop: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00877.x www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10420940600843641 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/let.12258 ichnology.ku.edu/invertebrate_traces/tfimages/coprinisphaera.html theconversation.com/five-things-dung-beetles-do-with-a-piece-of-poo-47367 www.redalyc.org/pdf/575/57525802011.pdf Farts: books.google.com/books?id=SwzMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 Worm sperm: royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0431 www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jul/15/fossilised-sperm-found-in-antarctica-is-worlds-oldest-say-scientists Ambergris: pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/41/10/1075/131034 www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo13105586.html www.lajamjournal.org/index.php/lajam/article/view/231/183 www.britannica.com/science/ambergris Dinosaur pee: www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/7_2/fernandes.pdf www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2014/02/12/the-surprising-science-of-dinosaur-pee/ svpow.com/2016/01/28/yes-folks-birds-and-crocs-can-pee/ twitter.com/DinoBryno/status/1063451187914006528 Image Contacts: As Alyssa requested, some contact info for scientists you might be able to reach out to for images (many are simply the authors of the relevant studies). Bird vomit: I’ve corresponded in the past with the first and third authors of that study, so I know they should both be good contacts: Min Wang: sourcedb.ivpp.cas.cn/yw/rckyw/201803/t20180302_4969186.html (Dr. Wang provided the images used in the popular article on Earth Touch News) Corwin Sullivan: www.ualberta.ca/science/about-us/contact-us/faculty-directory/corwin-sullivan Fossil brooding balls: www.dmns.org/science/museum-scientists/frank-krell/ Dr. Krell studies scarab beetles, and is an author of the publication with all these lovely photos: www.researchgate.net/figure/Recent-dung-beetle-brood-balls-excavated-and-preyed-on-by-bat-eared-foxes-Otocyon_fig13_227033319 www.colorado.edu/geologicalsciences/karen-chin Karen Chin is the “Coprolite Queen” – I bet she could provide photos or point you in the right direction onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/let.12258 All of these authors also have email addresses listed. They are all in Argentina. Amber farts: George Poinar Jr. is the author of the book chapter I referenced above. ib.oregonstate.edu/faculty/poinarg/George-O-Poinar Worm sperm: First and senior authors of the study: Benjamin Bomfleur www.uni-muenster.de/GeoPalaeontologie/en/palaeobotanik/staff/bomfleur.html Stephen McLoughlin www.nrm.se/en/forskningochsamlingar/paleobiologi/medarbetareochkontakt/stephenmcloughlin.333.html Fossil ambergris: First author of the study: Angela Baldanza abaldanz@unipg.it www.unipg.it/personale/angela.baldanza Other author emails are all listed. All are in Italy roberto.bizzarri@libero.it; federico.famiani@unicam.it; pmonaco@unipg.it; pellerob@unipg.it; sassipa@unipg.it. pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/41/10/1075/131034 Urolites: The two famous urolite publications (the ones mentioned in the Nat Geo article) were first-authored by these two: Katherine Mccarville: www.researchgate.net/profile/Katherine_Mccarville uiu.edu/academics/faculty/school-of-science-mathematics.html Marcelo Adorna Fernandes www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcelo_Fernandes23 www.ppgern.ufscar.br/docentes/dr.-marcelo-adorna-fernandes

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