Go to Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription! We don't think of pocket calculators as being all that special these days, but in reality their rise coincided with many of the innovations we take for granted today. Hosted by: Hank Green Head to scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe! ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object-groups/handheld-electronic-calculators www.jstor.org/stable/2974875?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents dac.com/blog/post/transistor-and-integrated-circuit www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14845433 www.dropbox.com/s/bwwc9q3y090d2r8/How_the_Computer_Got_Into_Your_Pocket.pdf# americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_557378 www.researchgate.net/publication/282650374_The_History_of_LCD_Development www.edisontechcenter.org/LED.html edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2012/11/calculating-firsts-visual-history-calculators mse.umd.edu/whatismse/liquidcrystals www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13583149108628568 edisontechcenter.org/lighting/LED/TheFirstPracticalLED.pdf www.edisontechcenter.org/VacuumTubes.html www.researchgate.net/publication/282650374_The_History_of_LCD_Development www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13583149108628568 www.si.edu/spotlight/desk-calc/vacuum-tubes-to-transistors-from-the-anita-mark-viii-to-hewlett-packard-and-wang americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_557378 www.lcinet.kent.edu/tutorials/index.php?content=introduction/index&title=What+are+liquid+crystals?