Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an analytical technique with several advantages over competitive techniques in terms of improved sensitivity and multiplexing. Here we demonstrate the development functionalized nanoparticles as sensing materials for the detection of bacteria and proteins at ultra-low levels. We achieve this by combining functionalized silver or gold nanoparticles with SERS. This combination can result in extremely sensitive and selective bio sensing with unprecedented multiplexing capabilities.