Gems are more than just pretty rocks! Hosted by: Michael Aranda ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters—we couldn't make SciShow without them! Shout out to Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Benny, Kyle Anderson, Tim Curwick, Scott Satovsky Jr, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Bryce Daifuku, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Charles George, Bader AlGhamdi ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/gemstones/gemstones.html www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/fall-2014-introduction-pleochroism-faceted-gems nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/pleo.html www.minerals.net/resource/property/magnetic.aspx geology.com/gemstones/chatoyancy/ www.geologyin.com/2016/12/how-do-asterism-minerals-form.html academic.emporia.edu/abersusa/whatis.htm geology.com/gemstones/jet/ www.bwsmigel.info/lesson3/dephysical.properties.html www.minerals.net/Quartz_polymorphs.aspx www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound/Polymorphism www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/Petrology/Silica%20Poly.HTM www.minerals.net/mineral/quartz.aspx www.minerals.net/Quartz_polymorphs.aspx www.resourcesandenergy.nsw.gov.au/miners-and-explorers/applications-and-approvals/opal-mining/about-opal/formation-of-opal www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2013/05/uncovered-the-truth-about-opal-formation/ www.minerals.net/mineral/opal.aspx canmin.geoscienceworld.org/content/46/1/139.short io9.gizmodo.com/5987941/eric-the-pliosaur-one-of-the-most-interesting-fossils-on-the-planet scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/gemstones/gemstones.html www.gemstonemagnetism.com/overview_of_magnetism_in_gemstones.html geminnovations.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/article.pdf www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/periodic-properties-8/electron-configuration-68/diamagnetism-and-paramagnetism-320-10520/ www.minerals.net/resource/property/magnetic.aspx hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/ferro.html#c1 hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/magpr.html www.scipress.org/journals/forma/pdf/1401/14010147.pdf www.wolframscience.com/nksonline/page-993c-text www.amazingrust.com/Experiments/how_to/Bismuth_Crystals.html www.gemselect.com/gem-info/coral/coral-info.php nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/Lect17.html www.ruby-sapphire.com/the-silk-road-rutile-in-corundum.htm images-of-elements.com/iron.php images-of-elements.com/neodymium.php