The Tudors centralised power in fits and starts - but Elizabeth I was forced to deal with Ireland head on. External factors propelled this - a Protestant queen far from secure on her throne, Ireland's potential as a back door to England for hostile powers was the catalyst for much of the action in the Elizabethan Age. We see canny Irish leaders horse trading with the European superpowers, Spain and Rome. The emergence of major secular divides is brought to light in this era, as is the destruction of an old Gaelic order in the wake of Kinsale.