Why Do We Smile?Many species show off their teeth as a threat, so where did humans get our friendly smiles?
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812820/
https://wolf.org/wolf-info/basic-wolf-info/biology-and-behavior/communication
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Smiles-when-sharing-Mehu-Grammer/87014648ba7aeb73a5343527e056334d2c0254be
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437507
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~kgroup/publications/pdf/scharlemann_etal_2001_jeconpsy_smile.pdf
How to Get Buff Without Exercise (If You’re a Fly) | SciShow NewsGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their computational biology course. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
We may have found the secret ingredient to effortless 8 pack abs... In Flies and Mice. Also, a team of scientists have developed robots, made of living cells.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Sestrins
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13442-5
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/mm-u-arf010920.php
Living robots:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910837117
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/uov-tbt010820.php
Quantum Supremacy: When Will Quantum Computers Be a Thing?Go to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their data structures course. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
In 2019, Google announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy - but what does that mean? And does it even matter?
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Sources:
https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/turing-machine/one.html
https://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/07/30/what-did-schrodingers-cat-experiment-prove/
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs191/sp12/notes/chap1&2.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03410-w
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1666-5
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-quantum-computers-will-be-super-awesome-someday/2019/10/26/194f1056-f7c1-11e9-b2d2-1f37c9d82dbb_story.html
https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/10/on-quantum-supremacy/
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/613596/how-a-quantum-computer-could-break-2048-bit-rsa-encryption-in-8-hours/
Mating frenzies, sperm hoards, and brood raids: the life of a fire ant queen - Walter R. TschinkelFollow a queen fire ant as she builds a colony, protects it from neighboring ant armies and fends off would-be usurpers vying for her throne.
--
In the spring, just after a heavy rainfall, male and female fire ants swarm the skies for a day of romance, known as the nuptial flight. Thousands of reproduction-capable ants take part in a mating frenzy, and for one successfully mated female, her work is only beginning. Walter R. Tschinkel details how the new queen builds a colony and protects it from neighboring ant armies.
Lesson by Walter R. Tschinkel, directed by Lisa Vertudaches.
Animator's website: https://lisavertudaches.com/
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Ivan Todorović, Alex Schenkman, Brittiny Elman, Ryohky Araya, Paul Coupe, David Douglass, Ricardo Paredes, Bill Feaver, Eduardo Briceño, Arturo De Leon, Christophe Dessalles, Janie Jackson, Dr Luca Carpinelli, Heather Slater, Yuh Saito, Quentin Le Menez, Mattia Veltri, Fabian Amels, Sandra Tersluisen, PnDAA, Hugo Legorreta, Zhexi Shan, Gustavo Mendoza, Bárbara Nazaré, Josh Engel, Natalia Rico, Andrea Feliz, Eysteinn Guðnason, Bernardo Paulo, Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora Slydell, Oyuntsengel Tseyen-Oidov, Noel Situ, Elliot Poulin, emily lam, Juan, Jordan Tang, Kent Logan, Alexandra Panzer, Laura Cameron Keith, Jen, Ellen Spertus, Cailin Ramsey, Markus Goldhacker, Leora Allen, Andras Radnothy, Chris, Arpita Singh and Vijayalakshmi.
The Roads to World War I: Crash Course European History #32Much has been written about what exactly caused World War I. As befits a true global war, the reality is that there isn't a single cause. There aren't even three causes. There are a vast array of causes. Today we'll get into just a few of those causes, including the complex system of alliances in Europe, the myriad military conflicts that played out in the years and decades leading up to the war, and the event that many point to as the beginning: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn. Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2019.
-Smith, Bonnie G. Europe in the Contemporary World Since 1900. 2nd ed. London; Bloomsbury, 2020.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Efrain R. Pedroza, Matthew Curls, Indika Siriwardena, Avi Yashchin, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haixiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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The Viruses That Shaped HumanityYou might get the impression that all viruses are terrible, awful, no-good things that just wreak havoc on humanity. But, surprise: The truth is way more interesting!
Hosted by: Hank Green
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SOURCES
https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-a-retrovirus#treatment
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1187282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25658370
https://www.pnas.org/content/111/34/12426
biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/02/04/318329.full.pdf
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene-Expression
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17339369/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.10384#sec1-4
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.10384
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625717300226
(PDF) http://edoc.mdc-berlin.de/16686/1/16686oa.pdf
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/23526/Dissertation_Manu_2017.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519309004895
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4503379/
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6277/1083
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02039/full
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/6/8/1457.full.pdf
https://academic.oup.com/molehr/article/14/9/513/1168808
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471491418300315
http://edoc.mdc-berlin.de/15357/1/15357oa.pdf
20 Weird Clubs That Actually ExistWeird clubs like Project Steve and the Putney High Tide Club exist for perfectly logical reasons. Other strange groups and secret associations, on the other hand—from The Bohemian Club to the Extreme Ironing Bureau— are a bit harder to explain. Erin (@erincmccarthy) breaks down those unusual clubs and more in this episode of The List Show.
You’ll learn the answer to pressing questions, like “How do I join the Luxuriant Flowing Hair Club for Scientists?” And “What goes on at the Bohemian Grove?” …Sort of. You’ll also find out why the membership requirements for the Association of Dead People aren’t quite what you might think. Spontaneous Brits and despondent architects will want to watch.
In case you forgot, The List Show is a trivia-tastic, fact-filled show for curious people. Subscribe here for new List Show episodes the first and third Wednesday of each month: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5qUqpW4hW4zdfuBxMSJA?sub_confirmation=1
For more fun facts about secretive societies, read our article detailing 10 facts about the illuminati: https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/608358/illuminati-facts
How War Hijacks Your BrainWith the conflict between Iran and America plus people talking about World War 3 we wanted to investigate why war is addictive.
Subscribe: http:/bit.ly/asapsci
Created by: Mitchell Moffit and Gregory Brown
Why You Think Your Phone Just BuzzedStart learning a new language today with Babbel! Sign up for a three-month subscription and get three additional months for free! https://go.babbel.com/6m3-youtube-scishow-jan-2020/default
Have you ever thought you felt your phone vibrate, only to pull it out of your pocket and find that you have no new notifications? If so, you've experienced 'phantom vibration syndrome.' But what causes these mystery sensations, and are they cause for alarm?
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
Signal Detection Theory Book (2002)
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sQ1nDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=signal+detection+theory+definition&ots=83s_PfVcnB&sig=3p6XasiYEZLA_OkWuO65IhZWuVc#v=onepage&q=signal%20detection%20theory%20definition&f=false
Phantom phone vibration in BMJ (2010)
https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c6914.long
Phantom phone buzzing in PLOS (2013)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0065152
Stress and burnout (2014)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4310551/
High Ringxiety: attachment anxiety predicts experiences of phantom cell phone ringing (2016)
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/140350/cyber.2015.0406.pdf;jsessionid=B2E0CA1829BF58B78C09E37895C2EF86?sequence=1
Phantom buzz in Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine (2018)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149296/#ref5
Anxiety, depression and phantom vibration in India (2019)
https://media.proquest.com/media/hms/PFT/1/vXqqA?_s=AmFmzJ6XdOfUh%2FQ%2BX8K1ciHbS8g%3D
The ballet that incited a riot - Iseult GillespieDive into the history and controversy of Igor Stravinsky’s ballet, “The Rite of Spring,” which shattered the conventions of classical ballet.
--
Ballet is typically thought of as harmonious, graceful and polished— hardly something that would trigger a riot. But at the first performance of Igor Stravinsky's “The Rite of Spring,” audience members were so outraged that they drowned out the orchestra. People hurled objects at the stage, started fights and were arrested. What caused this shocking reaction? Iseult Gillespie explains the controversy.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by WOW-HOW Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Christophe Dessalles, Janie Jackson, Dr Luca Carpinelli, Heather Slater, Yuh Saito, Quentin Le Menez, Mattia Veltri, Fabian Amels, Sandra Tersluisen, PnDAA, Hugo Legorreta, Zhexi Shan, Gustavo Mendoza, Bárbara Nazaré, Josh Engel, Natalia Rico, Andrea Feliz, Eysteinn Guðnason, Bernardo Paulo, Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora Slydell, Oyuntsengel Tseyen-Oidov, Noel Situ, Elliot Poulin, emily lam, Juan, Jordan Tang, Kent Logan, Alexandra Panzer, Laura Cameron Keith, Jen, Ellen Spertus, Cailin Ramsey, Markus Goldhacker, Leora Allen, Andras Radnothy, Chris, Arpita Singh, Vijayalakshmi, Marc Bilodeau, Peng, Tzu-Hsiang, paul g mohney, Maya Toll, Sebastian Regez, Bruno Hannud, Andreas Voltios, Shubham Arora, Ugur Doga Sezgin and Akinola Emmanuel.
A New Discovery about Dodecahedrons - NumberphileFeaturing Jayadev Athreya on a new discovery about platonic solids, in particular dodecahedra... Extra footage: https://youtu.be/hpNPPqm1EMc
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More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
PAPER: A Trajectory from a Vertex to Itself on the Dodecahedron: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.00811
More great resources on the project: http://userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/aulicino/dodecahedron/
More on Numberphile...
Platonic Solids: https://youtu.be/gVzu1_12FUc
Platonics is higher dimensions: https://youtu.be/2s4TqVAbfz4
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Learn more about MSRI in this interview David Eisenbud: https://youtu.be/9y1BGvnTyQA
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How Close Are We to the Perfect Deepfake?Thanks to deepfakes, CGI can be more realistic and even amateurs can easily create some fun footage. But there are also sinister uses out there.
Hosted by: Hank Green
Jordan Peele's fakedeep Obama video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQ54GDm1eL0
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Sources:
https://www.wired.com/story/prepare-deepfake-era-web-video/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-49961089
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5wLaJYBAm4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LhI-e2B8Lg
https://www.ft.com/content/4bf4277c-f527-11e9-a79c-bc9acae3b654
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8253599
https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5423-generative-adversarial-nets.pdf
https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.00160
https://machinelearningmastery.com/what-are-generative-adversarial-networks-gans/
https://www.wired.com/video/watch/researcher-explains-deepfake-videos
https://thenextweb.com/insights/2018/01/22/i-trained-an-ai-to-copy-my-voice-and-scared-myself-silly/
https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.06711
The Artists | Think Like A Coder, Ep 5The adventure continues! Episode 5: Ethic and Hedge arrive in the 198forest in search of the second artifact. Can they sneak past the guards to get to the tower?
--
This is episode 5 of our animated series “Think Like A Coder.” This 10-episode narrative follows a girl, Ethic, and her robot companion, Hedge, as they attempt to save the world. The two embark on a quest to collect three artifacts and must solve their way through a series of programming puzzles.
Lesson by Alex Rosenthal, directed by Kozmonot Animation Studio.
Supported by Endless: https://endlessnetwork.com
A special thank you to the programmers who assisted in the development of this series: Eric Wastl, Sara Kladky, Ryan Harvey, Dan Bernier, Eden Girma, Matt Gruskin, and James Griffith.
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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-artists-think-like-a-coder-ep-5
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Brandy Jones, Shawn Quichocho, Gi Nam Lee, Joy Love Om, Miloš Stevanović, Ghassan Alhazzaa, Yankai Liu, Pavel Zalevskiy, Claudia Mayfield, Stephanie Perozo, Joe Giamartino, Filip Dabrowski, Barbara Smalley, Megan Douglas, Tim Leistikow, Andrés Melo Gámez, Renhe Ji, Ka-Hei Law, Michal Salman, Peter Liu, Mark Morris, Catherine Sverko, Misaki Sato, Tan YH, Ph.D., Rodrigo Carballo, SookKwan Loong, Bev Millar, Merit Gamertsfelder, Lex Azevedo, Noa Shore, Taylor Hunter, Kyle Nguyen, MJ Tan Mingjie, Cristóbal Moenne, Goh Xiang Ting Diana, Kevin Wong, Dawn Jordan, Yanira Santamaria, Prasanth Mathialagan, Savannah Scheelings, Susan Herder, Samuel Doerle, David Rosario, Dominik Kugelmann, Siamak H, Tracey Tobkin, Dwight Tevuk, Anthony Kudolo, Mrinalini and Yanuar Ashari.
8 Truths and Myths About the Full MoonWith so many claims about the moon’s influence over everything from menstrual cycles to rainfall, SciShow is here to set the record straight with these 8 truths and myths about our moon.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213007549
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945714003402?via%3Dihub
https://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/magsense/ms.html
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/235/4786/331.long
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JZ071i003p00951
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moonmars/features/magnetotail_080416.html
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675796901242
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https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA03401
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral01_intro.html
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/corals/coral-reproduction
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20161121-the-great-barrier-reef-is-twice-as-old-as-the-human-species?ocid=fbind
https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.2002.47.1.0309
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwChk4S99i4&t=304s
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015GL067342
https://www.thoughtco.com/low-and-high-pressure-1434434
https://pmm.nasa.gov/trmm
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https://www.etymonline.com/word/moon
https://helloclue.com/articles/cycle-a-z/myth-moon-phases-menstruation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347208001632
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347211005069
https://bioone.org/journals/the-journal-of-arachnology/volume-38/issue-3/B09-111.1/Ultraviolet-light-detection-a-function-of-scorpion-fluorescence/10.1636/B09-111.1.short
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256200
https://www.nature.com/articles/424033a
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/204/14/2589.short
Does a Strong Immune System Make Colds Worse?Not everyone who is infected by a cold virus actually shows symptoms. In fact, people who seem to experience symptoms like a sore throat and stuffy nose more often may actually have more robust immune systems!
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Why Skin Creams Give You RashesGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their machine learning course. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
A lot of people react to certain compounds found in skincare products, and scientists may have figured out why these pesky rashes happen and how to prevent them. Meanwhile, a pair of papers published last week show how AI can be trained to detect cancer more efficiently than doctors.
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Sources:
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/bawh-ml122719.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/cuim-sew123019.php
https://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/5/43/eaax5430
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03822-8
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1799-6.epdf?author_access_token=V_LKV2xpSv9G1dhANYeWM9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0M5zwPVx5jT4z_z-YkUZTBT6_1AtRXi8QouJM7xB-oSN-cVBoH7f_QTgx-yQN3UBEVfkvO1_5urNT-CZHGCEQNGlCuO69tMQYak4SmdoDqyzg%3D%3D [PDF]
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/01/health/breast-cancer-mammogram-artificial-intelligence.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26414882
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0715-9
https://twitter.com/VPrasadMDMPH/status/1212840987363442689
When Sex Makes You Sick: Post Orgasmic Illness SyndromeGenerally speaking, orgasms are pretty wonderful. But for some, they can be literally sickening.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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How To Turn Poop Into PowerGo to https://NordVPN.com/minuteearth and use code MINUTEEARTH to get 70% off a 3 year plan and an extra month for free. Protect yourself online today.
We could generate a lot of usable energy from human and animal poop through greater adoption of a process for using microbes to break down poop into methane gas.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
___________________________________________
To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Anaerobic digestion: a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen
Methanogens: a methane-producing bacterium, especially an archaean which reduces carbon dioxide to methane
Wastewater treatment: a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused
Biogas: the mixture of gases produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide, which can be used as a renewable energy source
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___________________________________________
References:
Andriani, Dian, et al. "A review of recycling of human excreta to energy through biogas generation: Indonesia case." Energy Procedia 68 (2015): 219-225.
Karki, Amrit B. "Biogas as renewable energy from organic waste." Journal (2009).
Hatchett, Allison N. "Bovines and Global Warming: How the Cows are Heating Things Up and What Can Be Done to Cool Them Down." Wm. & Mary Envtl. L. & Pol'y Rev. 29 (2004): 767.
Onojo, O. J., et al. "Estimation of the electric power potential of human waste using students hostel soak-away pits." American Journal of Engineering Research, 02 (9) (2013): 198-203.
“Electricity Generation from Biogas.” Energypedia, https://energypedia.info/wiki/Electricity_Generation_from_Biogas.
Can you solve the dragon jousting riddle? - Alex GendlerPractice more problem-solving at https://brilliant.org/TedEd/
--
After years of war, the world’s kingdoms have come to an agreement. Every five years, teams representing the elves, goblins, and treefolk will compete in a grand tournament of dragon jousting. You have the important job of recording the scores for the inaugural tournament. But, you overslept and the games are already underway. Can you figure out the real score of each match? Alex Gendler shows how.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by Artrake Studio.
This riddle is adapted from a puzzle that originally appeared in Puzzles for Pleasure, by E.R. Emmet.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Manognya Chakrapani, Ayala Ron, Samantha Chow, Philippe Spoden, Phyllis Dubrow, Michelle Stevens-Stanford, Cas Jamieson, Ophelia Gibson Best, Amber Wood, Paul Schneider, Jun Cai, Tim Robinson, Henrique 'Sorín' Cassús, cnorahs, Lyn-z Schulte, Elaine Fitzpatrick, Karthik Cherala, Clarence E. Harper Jr., Milad Mostafavi, Аркадий Скайуокер, Kiara Taylor, Louisa Lee, eden sher, Vignan Velivela, Sage Curie, Srikote Naewchampa, Tejas Dc, Khalifa Alhulail, Faiza Imtiaz, Martin Stephen, Jerome Froelich, Dan Paterniti, Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Mullaiarasu Sundaramurthy, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Caleb ross, Duo Xu, Quinn Shen, Marvin Vizuett, Sid, Marylise CHAUFFETON, Karen Goepen-Wee, Sama aafghani, Mandeep Singh, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Morgan Williams, Kris Siverhus, Jason Weinstein, Tony Trapuzzano and Devin Harris.
Was Johnny Appleseed Wasting His Time?If you know anything about apple genetics, you know that Johnny Appleseed had no way of knowing what apples would come from those seeds. But genetic studies suggest he, or people like him, may actually have helped apples maintain their genetic diversity up to the present day.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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----------
Sources:
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/apples-breeding-experimental-orchard-fruit-growing
http://exhibits.mannlib.cornell.edu/apples/station.htm
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160523-kazakhstans-treasure-trove-of-wildly-flavoured-apples
https://medium.com/plant-cell-extracts/to-breed-or-not-to-breed-self-incompatibility-prevents-inbreeding-in-flowering-plants-6877f44a7784
http://www.plantcell.org/content/30/5/1023#ref-38
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https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/09/the-evil-reign-of-the-red-delicious/379892/
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/oldest-mcintosh-apple-tree-descendant-cut-down-1.1001566
https://www.farmflavor.com/us-agriculture/americas-favorite-apple-variety/
http://mentalfloss.com/article/52587/short-history-apple
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/03/something-rapidly-killing-young-apple-trees-north-american-orchards-scientists-are
https://www.nwpb.org/2017/05/03/want-to-grow-an-apple-tree-dont-start-with-apple-seeds/
http://treefruit.wsu.edu/orchard-management/pollination/
https://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/yard-and-garden-examining-pollination-apple-trees
https://www.gardenfocused.co.uk/fruitarticles/apples/variety-jonagold.php
Modern Thought and Culture in 1900: Crash Course European History #31Europe was in transition politically and culturally at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, we're looking at the dawn of modern science, and the rise of Modernism in the arts, especially in music, dance, and visual arts. We'll look at changes in music and dance with Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, and explore the groundbreaking visual art of the Impressionists.
Sources
-Hunt, Lynn. Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2019.
-Smith, Bonnie G. Europe in the Contemporary World since 1900. 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury, 2020.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Efrain R. Pedroza, Matthew Curls, Indika Siriwardena, Avi Yashchin, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haixiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Kids Vs. Science: Making the Ultimate Paper PlaneAn origami artist, a professor of mathematics, and a paper expert will have one hour to create the perfect paper airplane. Their competitors? Three VERY enthusiastic kids. Who will win?
Kids Vs. Science is a new show from Mental Floss where we assemble a team of experts to take on a simple childhood activity, and of course, put them head-to-head against a group of kids. Will the superteam of professionals be able to pool their knowledge together to make something extraordinary, or will the living balls of energy that are human children take the crown?
In this episode, the two teams will take on a childhood staple: the paper airplane. Physics, aeronautical engineering, paper crafting - there are many skills and fields of knowledge to be utilized in this simple task. Each team will be given one hour to plan, create, and test their perfect paper airplanes. They will then be judged on DISTANCE, HANG TIME, and ACCURACY. May the best team win.
EXPERTS:
Frank Ling, Taro's Origami Studio
Leif Ristroph, New York University
Andrew Foote, Paper Outlet Inc.
KIDS:
Jonah
Nairobi
Micah
Mental Floss is your one-stop for all things curious. Subscribe here for new Kids Vs. Science, Food History, and List Show episodes every Wednesday: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5...
The Australia Fires Will Actually Have This ImpactHow did the Australia fires start? How will they change the Earth? Find out how they may impact you and how to help.
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The Wonderful Reason Babies Hiccup So MuchAh, hiccups. They are typically harmless, and yet also very annoying. But why do they happen in the first place?
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/15/well/live/why-do-we-hiccup.html
https://siouxcityjournal.com/blogs/siouxland_history/150icons/icons-anthon-s-charles-osborne-had-hiccups-for-years-straight/article_3a209ebf-4ccf-5445-b325-0069a66f8224.html
https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/why-do-i-hiccup#1
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388245719312362?via%3Dihub#b0210
https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/65/10_Spec_No/1072.full.pdf
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2019/nov/newborn-baby-hiccups-could-be-key-brain-development
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388245719312362?via%3Dihub#b0210
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5985305/
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2018/nov/babies-kicking-womb-are-creating-map-their-bodies
The mysterious life and death of Rasputin - Eden GirmaGet to know the story of Rasputin, known as the “Mad Monk,” who was assassinated for his involvement with the Russian monarchy.
--
On a night in 1916, Russian aristocrats set a plot of assassination into motion. If all went as planned, a man would be dead by morning, though others had already tried and failed. The monarchy was on the brink of collapse, and they believed this man was the single cause of it all. Who was he, and why was he to blame for the fate of an empire? Eden Girma explores the life of the notorious Rasputin.
Lesson by Eden Girma, directed by Hype Studio.
Animator's website: https://www.luisacopetti.com
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, John Saveland, Jason Garcia, Robson Martinho, Martin Lau, Senjo Limbu, Joe Huang, SungGyeong Bae, Christian Kurch, Begum Tutuncu, David Matthew Ezroj, Sweetmilkcoco, Raphaël LAURENT, Joe Meyers, Farah Abdelwahab, Brian Richards, Divina Grace Dar Santos, Jessie McGuire, Abdullah Altuwaijri, Sarah Burns, Clement , Hadi Salahshour, FAWWAZ GHUWAIDI, Dino Biancolini, Reagen O'Connor, Nicu Boanda, Cindy O., Karla Brilman, Jørgen Østerpart, Sergi Páez, rakesh Katragadda, Carolyn Corwin, Charlene You, Boris Langvand, Exal Enrique Cisneros Tuch, Carsten Tobehn, Kin Lon Ma, Katie Dean, Ezgi Yersu, Eunsun Kim, Katrina Harding, Gerald Onyango, alessandra tasso, Astia Rizki Safitri, Côme Vincent, Antony Lee, Melissa Sorrells, Rakshit Kothari, Doreen Reynolds-Consolati and Simon Holst Ravn.
When Two Species MixWe often think of categories as fixed, with a species being a species no matter what. The thing is, life doesn’t have to follow our rules.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/science-sushi/evolution-watching-speciation-occur-observations/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702127/
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/36/8/1671/5480301
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udZUaNKXbJA
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/600084
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https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0169534794901244?via%3Dihub
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/14/science/scientists-find-rare-hybrid-of-two-other-dolphin-species.html?smid=pl-share
https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1938.tb09237.x
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https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/what-turns-bees-killer-bees
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/thousands-of-bees-attack-texas-couple-kill-horses/
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151123-are-killer-africanized-bees-really-that-dangerous
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/700250/health-problems-associated-african-bees?doi=10.7326%2f0003-4819-104-2-267
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/chimps-and-bonobos-had-flings-and-swapped-genes-past
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982206014102
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/speciation/
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https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154734/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/evo-eco-lab/species-concepts/
Could a breathalyzer detect cancer? - Julian BurschkaDiscover how scientists are analyzing compounds in the breath to create a versatile breathalyzer capable of detecting disease.
--
How is it that a breathalyzer can measure the alcohol content in someone’s blood, hours after they had their last drink, based on their breath alone? And could we use this same technology to detect disease by analyzing a person’s breath, without having to use more invasive diagnostic tools like biopsies, blood draws, and radiation? Julian Burschka details the complicated process.
Lesson by Julian Burschka, directed by Cabong Studios.
Animator's website: https://www.cabongstudios.com.br
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Brighteagle, Beatriz Inácio, Mighterbump, Pamela Harrison, Maija Chapman, Liana Switzer, Curtis Light, The Brock, Dianne Palomar, Edgar Campos Barrachina, Maria Lerchbaumer, Ever Granada, Marin Kovachev, Ravi S. Rāmphal, Penelope Misquitta, Tekin Gültekin, Jhuval, Hans Peng, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Vaibhav Mirjolkar, Thomas Bahrman, Allan Hayes, Aidan Forero, Uday Kishore, Mikhail Shkirev, Devesh Kumar, Sunny Patel, Anuj Tomar, Lowell Fleming, David Petrovič, Hoai Nam Tran, Stina Boberg, Alexandrina Danifeld, Kack-Kyun Kim, Travis Wehrman, haventfiguredout, Caitlin de Falco, Ken, zjweele13, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Edla Paniguel, Elena Crescia, Thomas Mungavan, Alejandro Cachoua, Jaron Blackburn, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Sandy Nasser and Venkat Venkatakrishnan.
Weird Ways We've Fought Invasive SpeciesInvasive species can wreak havoc in their new habitats, and the survival of entire ecosystems can depend on getting rid of them. In some cases, we humans have gotten pretty creative in our attempts to eradicate the problem.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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These Fish Eat ScalesMost of us don’t really give fish scales a second thought, but for some fish, the scales of others can make for a tasty snack.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
https://www.washington.edu/news/2018/01/17/scale-eating-fish-adopt-clever-parasitic-methods-to-survive/
https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/piranha-eat-cows2.htm
https://www.fishbase.se/Glossary/Glossary.php?sc=is&q=Lepidophagy
http://agrilifecdn.tamu.edu/aquaticecology/files/2012/07/Grubh-Chanda-Copeia_04.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1679-62252012000200011&script=sci_arttext
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00690855
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071164
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.171581
https://phys.org/news/2017-09-handedness-scale-eating-fish.html
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-018-3800-z
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/208/24/4757.full.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Matthew_Mclean6/publication/320845637_An_Investigation_of_Lepidophagy_Scale_Eating_in_Cyprinodon_Pupfishes_on_San_Salvador_Island_Bahamas/links/5a02b1cba6fdcc55a15f8ff3/An-Investigation-of-Lepidophagy-Scale-Eating-in-Cyprinodon-Pupfishes-on-San-Salvador-Island-Bahamas.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01294.x
Master the art of public speaking with TED MasterclassTake the first step towards mastering the art of public speaking by checking out TED Masterclass, TED’s newest mobile app: http://bit.ly/TEDMasterclassApp
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At TED, we’re passionate about public speaking. Whether from a stage, over a podcast, in a classroom or at your workplace -- learning how to effectively share your best ideas creates opportunities for both you and your audience. TED Masterclass features a beautifully animated 11-lesson course, choice TED Talks that model the concepts covered in each lesson, and a continuous flow of exclusive insights from TED’s speaker coaching team. Learn how to identify, develop and share your best ideas in the form of TED-style Talks.
If you’re on a smartphone, you can download the mobile app and preview every lesson in the course for free. And if you decide to purchase the full course, all proceeds will support the work of TED’s global education initiative, TED-Ed.
Why Don't Humans Get Heartworm? (Spoiler: We Do)Preventing heartworm disease in your dog isn't just good for your furry friend. It turns out that humans can be infected with heartworm, too!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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The Ridiculous Reasons It's Hard to Measure Sea LevelFrom problems with the moon, to the lumpiness of earth, sea levels aren't quite as exact as we have them figured out to be.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Bloopers and Other Very Silly Things - 2019 Edition!!!SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss a video! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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What better way to kick off 2020 than with me being silly? I’ll be back with a new video in a couple weeks.
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A brief history of alcohol - Rod PhillipsTrace the 7,000 year old history of alcohol, from its first known origins in China to cultures all over the world fermenting their own drinks.
--
Nobody knows exactly when humans began to create fermented beverages. The earliest known evidence comes from 7,000 BCE in China, where residue in clay pots has revealed that people were making an alcoholic beverage from fermented rice, millet, grapes, and honey. So how did alcohol come to fuel global trade and exploration? Rod Phillips explores the evolution of alcohol.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Mauricio Basso, Athena Grace Franco, Tirath Singh Pandher, Melvin Williams, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Nicolas Silva, Raymond Lee, Kurt Almendras, Denise A Pitts, Abdallah Absi, Dee Wei, Richard A Berkley, Tim Armstrong, Daniel Nester, Hashem Al, denison martins fernandes, Doug Henry, Arlene Spiegelman, Michał Friedrich, Joshua Wasniewski, Maryam Dadkhah, Kristiyan Bonev, Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov, Emilia Alvarado, Jaime Arriola, Mirzat Tulafu, Lewis Westbury, Felipe Hoff, Rebecca Reineke, Cyrus Garay, Victoria Veretilo, Michael Aquilina, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Mike Azarkman, Yvette Mocete, Pavel Maksimov, Victoria Soler-Roig, Betsy Feathers, Samuel Barbas, Therapist Gus, Sai Krishna Koyoda, Elizabeth Parker, William Bravante, Irindany Sandoval and Mark wisdom.
How Science Got Us to 2020 | CompilationAs we forge ahead into the new year, let’s take some time to thank the intrepid researchers, volunteers, and even the occasional dog who came before us, made sure our food and drugs are free from poison, and built the devices that make our modern lives possible.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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The Poison Squads: The Stupid, Risky First Food Safety Tests: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yniErnqqvuI
How Pocket Calculators Changed Electronics Forever: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goB47Cgqxfs
How Studying Bacteria Almost Kept Us From Discovering the Flu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci-dAcEo2uw
The Real Story of John Snow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Uwwhudc-CQ
A Deadly Mistake That Led to Safer Medicine | Elixir Sulfanilamide: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfFQPGVZPuk
Thalidomide: The Chemistry Mistake That Killed Thousands of Babies: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrTHfBCduRA
When Sled Dogs Saved an Alaskan Town: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsl7Hkeg4S8
That Time the US Government Poisoned Alcohol: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKKjWyOtyTg
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World's Longest Home Run (The "Mad Batter" Machine) - Smarter Every Day 230Get your first audiobook plus 2 Audible Originals free when you try Audible for 30 days https://www.audible.com/smarter or text smarter to 500 500
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Why Does Squinting Help You See Better?If you've ever tried to make out something that was really far away, odds are you squinted while doing it. It's basically involuntary! But does narrowing your field of vision really help you see things better?
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/faqs/why-does-squinting-help-people-with-vision-problems-see-better/
https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Abstract/2003/11000/What_are_the_Visual_Benefits_of_Eyelid_Squinting_.9.aspx
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15683
https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm
https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractive-errors
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2577
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2017.32.5.850#
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2166618
https://www.casewatch.net/ftc/news/1993/natural-vision.shtml
https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijahs/index.php/IJAHS/article/view/105
How to Definitely Get a HangoverUnfortunately, we don’t know how to cure hangovers yet. However, we DO know a lot more about how to make sure you wake up with a hangover. Avoiding some of these behaviors could help you feel better the morning after.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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SOURCES
The Alcohol Hangover (2000)
https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/713513/alcohol-hangover?resultClick=3
Acetate Causes Hangovers (2010)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015963
Food-induced lowering of blood-ethanol profiles and increased rate of elimination immediately after a meal (1994)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8064267
Role of Tobacco Smoking in Hangover Symptoms Among University Students (2013)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3517263/pdf/jsad41.pdf
Urine methanol concentration and alcohol hangover severity (2017)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741832916301537
Alcohol Hangover: Underlying Biochemical, Inflammatory and Neurochemical Mechanisms (2019)
https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article-abstract/54/3/196/5420612?redirectedFrom=fulltext
URINARY EXCRETION OF METHANOL AND 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHOL AS BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF RECENT DRINKING IN THE HANGOVER STATE (1998)
https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article/33/4/431/129803
The Role of Beverage Congeners in Hangover and Other Residual Effects of Alcohol Intoxication: A Review (2010)
http://www.eurekaselect.com/94053/article
Intoxication with Bourbon versus Vodka: Effects on Hangover, Sleep and Next-Day Neurocognitive Performance in Young Adults (2010)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674844/
You Have More Bones Than You ThinkGo to https://www.curiositystream.com/minute to get a free month trial with CuriosityStream and get a subscription to Nebula bundled in for free!
Because the ossification process can differ so much from human to human, we have a wide range of potential bone numbers.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
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To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Cartilage: The flexible connective tissue that is turned to bone by osteoblasts.
Osteoblasts: Cells that control calcium and mineral deposition to turn cartilage into bone.
Sesamoids: Bones embedded in tendons or muscles.
Fabella: A large sesamoid bone occasionally found behind the knee joint.
Coccyx: The small set of semi-fused triangular bones at the end of the vertebral column.
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References:
Goldberg I, Nathan H. (1987). Anatomy and pathology of the sesamoid bones. The hand compared to the foot. International Orthopaedics. 11(2):141-7. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3610408.
Vineet K. Sarin Gregory M. Erickson Nicholas J. Giori A. Gabrielle Bergman Dennis R. Carter (2003). Coincident development of sesamoid bones and clues to their evolution. The Anatomical Record.5: 174-180. Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0185%2819991015%29257%3A5%3C174%3A%3AAID-AR6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O.
Tao Sun, Lingxiang Wang, Haitao Zhao,Wenjuan Wu,and Wenhai Hu (2016). Prevalence, morphological variation and ossification of sesamoid bones of the forefoot: a retrospective radiographic study of 8,716 Chinese subjects. 2(3): 91–96. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6410651/.
Postacchini F, Massobrio M. (1983). Idiopathic coccygodynia: Analysis of fifty-one operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. 65(8): 1116-1124. Retrieved from: https://www.coccyx.org/medabs/posta.htm.
Meals, Roy. (2019). Personal Communication. http://www.AboutBone.com
Why We Should Put Rockets On the MoonThanks to Brilliant for supporting PBS. Learn more at: https://brilliant.org/BeSmart
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Half a century ago, astronauts got on top of a really big rocket and sent a tiny little capsule on a 384,000 km trip to the moon and back. And they were able to do it because a lot of extremely smart and dedicated people pushed engineering and chemistry to the limits in order to create a 36-story tower of carefully-controlled space fire powerful enough to escape Earth’s gravity. I went to NASA in Houston to talk to astronaut Don Pettit about how they did it, and if we’ll be able to do it again.
Special thanks to Don Pettit and NASA
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3 Surprising Things That Act Like FluidsSometimes being in a traffic jam can feel like being stuck in a clogged pipe. And it turns out, maybe that feeling isn’t too far off. Today we look at 3 things that are remarkably unlike fluids, yet still behave in liquid-like ways.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03325741.pdf
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6422/46
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/physics-fluids-explains-how-crowds-marathon-runners-move
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.1886.pdf
https://www.wired.com/2015/09/hajj-stampede-fluid-dynamics-problem/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/obstacle-exit-pedestrian/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-fluid-dynamics-can-teach-us-about-navigating-crowds-180961823/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X18303406
https://www.wired.com/2016/06/hacker-lexicon-password-hashing/
https://news.stanford.edu/2018/04/23/swirling-liquids-shed-light-bitcoin-works/
https://www.pnas.org/content/115/19/4869.short
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/semester2/d09_fluidflow.html
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/402/4/2491/1747522
Why Does Cold Weather Kill Your Phone?If you live in a cold climate, you might know the agony of trying to get your car started on a chilly winter morning, or standing helplessly by as your phone's battery level plummets. So why do cold weather and batteries seem to just not get along?
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
http://www.ewart.org.uk/science/patterns/pat1.htm
https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2009/11/q-a-why-do-car-batteries-die-in-winter/index.htm
https://blog.firestonecompleteautocare.com/batteries/why-car-batteries-die-in-winter/
https://www.livescience.com/61334-batteries-die-cold-weather.html
https://www.livescience.com/50657-how-batteries-work.html
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-lithium-ion-batteries-work.html
https://exodusoutdoorgear.com/blogs/news/83515846-the-science-of-trail-camera-batteries
https://www.batterystuff.com/kb/articles/battery-articles/secret-workings-of-a-lead-acid-battery.html
https://www.thoughtco.com/why-batteries-discharge-quickly-cold-weather-607889
https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/3.62554
https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/how-battery-works-electronics-beginner/
https://www.powerstream.com/BatteryFAQ-alkaline.html
https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/bu_307_electrolyte
https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/discharging_at_high_and_low_temperatures
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/battery3.htm
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/lithium-ion-battery.htm
https://sciencing.com/elements-alkaline-battery-6177542.html
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471238961.0112110119011211.a01
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ie800017e
https://toolguyd.com/flashlight-tool-batteries-cold-weather/
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8315490
Why Most Resolutions Fail & How To SucceedCommon pitfalls of New Year's resolutions and how I plan to avoid them. Thanks Audible! Start listening with a 30-day trial and your first audiobook plus two Audible Originals free when you go to https://audible.com/veritasium or text veritasium to 500500.
Thanks to Simone Giertz for sending me and Every Day Calendar!
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The Tallest, Smallest, and Oldest Science of 2019Scientific discovery often dabbles in the extreme, challenging and exceeding what we think of as "possible." And this year's discoveries were no different! We present to you three scientific discoveries made this year that set out to find new extremes, and succeeded.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Oldest Fungi
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1217-0
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/science/fungi-fossils-plants.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01629-1
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-017-0581-3_27
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00829.x
Weakest Radio Signal
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6431/1072
https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2019/tnw/listening-to-quantum-radio/
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/outreach/funfacts/txt_radio_spectrum.html
Special thanks to Dr. Gary Steele
The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Crash Course AI #20Today, in our final episode of Crash Course AI, we're going to look towards the future. We've spent much of this series explaining how and why we don't have the Artificial General Intelligence (or AGI) that we see in the movies like Bladerunner, Her, or Ex Machina. Siri frequently doesn't understand us, we probably shouldn't sleep in our self-driving cars, and those recommended videos on YouTube and Netflix often aren't what we really want to watch next. So let's talk about what we do know, how we got here, and where we think it's all headed. Thanks so much everyone for watching!
Don't forget to subscribe to Jabril’s channel here!
http://youtube.com/c/jabrils
And you can find some more free recourses to learn about AI below!
https://course.fast.ai/
https://www.coursera.org/learn/ai-for-everyone
https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning
https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/deep_learning_60min_blitz.html
https://www.kaggle.com/learn/overview
https://www.kaggle.com/competitions?sortBy=grouped&group=general&page=1&pageSize=20&category=gettingStarted
Crash Course AI is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios:
https://www.youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Efrain R. Pedroza, Matthew Curls, Indika Siriwardena, Avi Yashchin, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haixiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, DAVID NOE, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
#CrashCourse #MachineLearning #ArtificialIntelligence
Napping Is Awesome... but Is It for Everyone?Study after study has shown that napping is awesome. This might make you wonder: should everyone be napping? The answer is more complicated than you might think.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg , Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr.Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5598771/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00718.x
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33209-0
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432808002416
https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/2014-Sleep-Health-Index-FINAL.pdf
https://www.sleep.org/articles/whats-the-best-time-of-the-day-to-nap/
Breaking Into a Smart Home With A Laser - Smarter Every Day 229If you feel like this has earned your support on Patreon please consider clicking here: https://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday
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GET SMARTER SECTION
This work was performed by a team of researchers at the University of Michigan and University of Electro-Communications in Japan. For more information check out their website http://lightcommands.com or contact them at lightcommandsteam@gmail.com
Here's one of the microphones on DigiKey
https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/cui-devices/CMM-2718AB-38316-TR/102-5087-2-ND/9748829
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Why We Love Music | A Very Jingly CompilationHere in North America it's the time of year that we have a little more jingle in our bells than usual, but luckily there's a lot of science to explain exactly why music mistles our toes the way it does.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
https://youtu.be/5LLpcbmNkvA
https://youtu.be/93ydAz6y-Ck
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcr0El64UsA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HicAnFGE9bA
https://youtu.be/ajQAoFfpJUc
https://youtu.be/5NfLKoq9PeA
https://youtu.be/pq53AjCCfuE
Counting Outtakes (from our Pi Million video) - NumberphileThese are outtakes from the main video at: https://youtu.be/__UlMppZZgs
Who's Who based on the main video: https://www.numberphile.com/pi-million
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Numberphile is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI): http://bit.ly/MSRINumberphile
We are also supported by Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation initiative dedicated to engaging everyone with the process of science. https://www.simonsfoundation.org/outreach/science-sandbox/
And support from Math For America - https://www.mathforamerica.org/
Brady's latest videos across all channels: http://www.bradyharanblog.com/
Sign up for (occasional) emails: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
Science Says You Shouldn't Drink Your Whiskey "Neat"If you’ve ever sauntered up to the bar and ordered a whiskey neat, you might have felt cool doing it. But... is that really the best way to drink whiskey? Let's ask science!
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg , Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr.Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06423-5
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Guaiacol#section=3D-Conformer
https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00302
https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sb-ALS-alcohol-and-water.html
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/CP/c2cp40483d#!divAbstract
https://flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13411-015-0040-2
Pi Million Subscribers - NumberphileOuttakes: https://youtu.be/Wrj1Kl6CHIQ
Who's Who in the video: https://www.numberphile.com/pi-million
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Numberphile is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI): http://bit.ly/MSRINumberphile
We are also supported by Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation initiative dedicated to engaging everyone with the process of science. https://www.simonsfoundation.org/outreach/science-sandbox/
And support from Math For America - https://www.mathforamerica.org/
Brady's latest videos across all channels: http://www.bradyharanblog.com/
Sign up for (occasional) emails: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
How to Cure a Hangover (Maybe)This video was paid for by NHTSA. This New Years, please #drivesober. Go to https://www.nhtsa.gov/campaign/drive-sober to learn more.
Besides abstaining from alcohol altogether, most of the medical advice for avoiding hangovers is to use common sense before you start drinking. But what about all those “cures” people seem to tout?
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg , Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr.Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
Mackus et al 2017 (Friend or Foe?) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050324517741038
Lee et al 2014 (Red Ginseng) https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/fo/c3fo60481k/unauth#!divAbstract
Jayawardena et al 2017 (Systematic Review) https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/7409f562-03c9-44b8-a93a-d2a67c044730/1/2017%20Jayawardena%20Interventions%20for%20treatment%20and%20or%20prevention.pdf
Verster et al 2019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780234/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hangovers/symptoms-causes/syc-20373012
Takahashi et al 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559749
Huang et al 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434569
Srinivasan et al 2019 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266592711930005X
Verster 2008 https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article/43/2/124/122754
Masalkar and Abhang https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15820479
A Breakthrough in Graph Theory - NumberphileA counterexample to Hedetniemi's conjecture - featuring Erica Klarreich.
Get 3 months of Audible for just $6.95 a month. Visit https://www.audible.com/numberphile or text "numberphile" to 500 500
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Read Erica Klarreich's Quanta article on this subject: https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematician-disproves-hedetniemis-graph-theory-conjecture-20190617/
And visit her website: http://www.ericaklarreich.com/
Thanks to Stephen Hedetniemi for providing us with photos and pages from his original dissertation.
Some more graph theory on Numberphile...
Four Color Maps: https://youtu.be/NgbK43jB4rQ
An Unsolved Problem: https://youtu.be/niaeV_NHh-o
Planar Graphs: https://youtu.be/xBkTIp6ajAg
Perfect Graphs: https://youtu.be/C4Zr4cOVm9g
Friends and Strangers: https://youtu.be/xdiL-ADRTxQ
River Crossings: https://youtu.be/ZCVAGb1ee8A
Numberphile is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI): http://bit.ly/MSRINumberphile
We are also supported by Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation initiative dedicated to engaging everyone with the process of science. https://www.simonsfoundation.org/outreach/science-sandbox/
And support from Math For America - https://www.mathforamerica.org/
Brady's latest videos across all channels: http://www.bradyharanblog.com/
Sign up for (occasional) emails: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
7 Animals That Evolved at Hyperspeed — Because of UsEvolution is known to be a long, slow process. But thanks to our interference, some animals have adapted at light speed in order to survive.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg , Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr.Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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So, Negative Gravity Is a ThingSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
In nature, most of our basic forces both attract and repel. In fact, gravity is the only exception. But, according to theorists, sound waves actually have negative gravity.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg , Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr.Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Why These Moths Don't Run Away from BatsThanks to Brilliant for supporting this episode of SciShow. Go to Brilliant.org/SciShow to learn more about gifting a Brilliant Premium subscription this month.
Being attacked by a predator can be scary, but tiger moths have a very distinguished way to survive predatory bats. Meanwhile, scientists have presented findings on the importance of microbial ecosystems beneath the soil.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Kevin Carpentier, Eric Jensen, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Avi Yashchin, Adam Brainard, Greg , Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, Scott Satovsky Jr.Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00480/full
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-12/f-lmt121119.php
Special thanks to Dr. Nicolas J. Dowdy
