Why Is It So Hard to Make a Realistic Twitter Bot?What are the methods twitter bots use to fool us, and what are some of the challenges in doing so?
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
https://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM17/paper/view/15587/14817
https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Twitter%20Response%20to%20Committee%20QFRs.pdf
https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/19/twitter-updates-total-of-russia-linked-election-bots-to-50000/
https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/company/2018/2016-election-update.html
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/mb37k4/twitter-facebook-google-bots-misinformation-changing-politics
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/arts/on-twitter-a-battle-among-political-bots.html
https://medium.com/dfrlab/botspot-twelve-ways-to-spot-a-bot-aedc7d9c110c
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/29.pdf
https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/30.pdf
https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/now-available-more-200-000-deleted-russian-troll-tweets-n844731
Fluid Flow & Equipment: Crash Course Engineering #13Today we’ll dive further into fluid flow and how we can use equipment to apply our skills. We explain Bernoulli’s Principle and the relationship between speed and pressure in certain flowing fluids. We’ll also discuss how to apply the principle with Bernoulli’s Equation and try to use it in real-world examples.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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How To Improve Your Memory RIGHT NOW!These tips will give you the memory boost you need!
Thanks to LastPass for sponsoring this video. Click the link to start using LastPass now! http://bit.ly/2vIFcD7
Created by: Mitchell Moffit and Gregory Brown
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Zen kōans: unsolvable enigmas designed to break your brain - Puqun LiCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/zen-koans-unsolvable-enigmas-designed-to-break-your-brain-puqun-li
How do we explain the unexplainable? This question has inspired numerous myths, religious practices and scientific inquiries. But Zen Buddhists practicing throughout China from the 9th to 13th century asked a different question – why do we need an explanation? Puqun Li details the bewildering and ambiguous philosophical thought experiments these Buddhists called Zen kōans.
Lesson by Puqun Li, directed by Cabong Studios.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Stephanie Perozo, Marc Bilodeau, Ruby Solorzano, Ivan Tsenov, Claudia Mayfield, Pavel Zalevskiy, Yankai Liu, Duo Xu, Ghassan Alhazzaa, Miloš Stevanović, Joy Love Om, Gi Nam Lee, Shawn Quichocho, Simone Kidner, Anika Westburg, Barun Padhy, Brandy Jones, Devin Harris, Tony Trapuzzano, Stephen Michael Alvarez, Tom Lee, Juliana, Jason Weinstein, Kris Siverhus, Alexander Walls, Annamaria Szilagyi, Morgan Williams, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Mandeep Singh, Sama aafghani, سلطان الخليفي, Marylise CHAUFFETON, Marvin Vizuett, Jayant Sahewal, Quinn Shen, Caleb ross, Elizabeth Cruz, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Gaurav Rana, Mullaiarasu Sundaramurthy, Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Dan Paterniti, Jerome Froelich, Tyler Yoshizumi, and Martin Stephen.
Scientists Had Some Bad Ideas | Scishow Quiz ShowTwo YouTube musicians battle it out to see who shall sing a song of victory.
https://www.youtube.com/tessaviolet
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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T-Tests: A Matched Pair Made in Heaven: Crash Course Statistics #27Today we're going to walk through a couple of statistical approaches to answer the question: "is coffee from the local cafe, Caf-fiend, better than that other cafe, The Blend Den?" We'll build a two sample t-test which will tell us how many standard errors away from the mean our observed difference is in our tasting experiment, and then we'll introduce a matched pair t-tests which allow us to remove variation in the experiment. All of these approaches rely on the test statistic framework we introduced last episode.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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Dialing Up onto the 2000s Internet! - Mental Floss ScatterbrainedOn today's episode of Scatterbrained, we're dialing up onto the 2000s Internet. Why did it make that weird beeping sound? You're about to find out! Our first short story examines a prominent case of file-sharing that originated with a Kazaa account. Then we look at the methodology of a scientific study all about getting emotional support from instant messaging. Our second short story takes us to Neopia with the history of Neopets, which surprisingly involved Scientologists. And we finish up with a fact list covering everything from Charlie the Unicorn to Xanga.
Subscribe for new episodes of Scatterbrained every other Wednesday!
Follow our hosts on Twitter:
John Green: @johngreen
Amanda Suk: @sukiestyles
Becca Scott: @thebeccascott
Elliott Morgan: @elliottcmorgan
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Mike Rugnetta: @mikerugnetta
Newton and Leibniz: Crash Course History of Science #17The standard story of the Scientific Revolution culminates with the long life of one man: Sir Isaac Newton—a humble servant of the Royal Mint, two-time parliamentarian, and a scientific titan whose name, along with Einstein’s, is synonymous with physics today.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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Are Broken Bones Stronger After They Heal?You might have heard that bones are stronger after they break, which sounds ridiculous, but for a short period of time, it might be true!
Hosted by: Hank Green
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Sources:
How Some Words Get ForgettedIt’s the Great American Read!
Vote for America's favorite novel: https://to.pbs.org/2Jes2X5
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓
English is a confusing language for many reasons. But the irregular verbs might be the most confusing part. Why is “told” the past tense of “tell” but “smold” isn’t the past tense of “smell”? It turns out that the study of irregular verbs can teach us a lot about how languages evolve. This week, we look at how the era of Big Data is unlocking secrets behind the weirdness of words.
OTHER VIDEOS TO CHECK OUT:
“The Zipf Mystery” - Vsauce https://youtu.be/fCn8zs912OE
“Trending Artists of the 17th Century” - The Art Assignment https://youtu.be/7eq3D9Q9lUA
REFERENCES:
Uncharted: Big Data as a Lens on Human Culture - Erez Aiden and Jean-Baptiste Michel https://amzn.to/2MLBEHF
Words and Rules - Steven Pinker https://amzn.to/2vKL1kf
Lieberman, Erez, et al. "Quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of language." Nature 449.7163 (2007): 713.
Michel, Jean-Baptiste, et al. "Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books." Science (2010): 1199644.
Hanley, M. L., Joos, M., & Fein, T. (1937). Word index to James Joyce's Ulysses. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Writer: Joe Hanson
Creative Director/Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
What really happened to the Library of Alexandria? - Elizabeth CoxCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-really-happened-to-the-library-of-alexandria-elizabeth-cox
2,300 years ago, the rulers of Alexandria set out to fulfill a very audacious goal: to collect all the knowledge in the world under one roof. In its prime, the Library of Alexandria housed an unprecedented number of scrolls and attracted some of the Greek world’s greatest minds. But by the end of the 5th century CE, it had vanished. Elizabeth Cox details the rise and fall of this great building.
Lesson by Elizabeth Cox, directed by Inna Phillimore.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Bev Millar, Rishi Pasham, Jhuval, SookKwan Loong, Daniel Day, Nick Johnson, Bruno Pinho, Javier Aldavaz, Rodrigo Carballo, Marc Veale, Boytsov Ilya, maxi kobi einy, Misaki Sato, Craig Sheldon, Andrew Bosco, Catherine Sverko, Nik Maier, Mark Morris, Tamás Drávai, Adi V, Peter Liu, Leora Allen, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Michal Salman, Julie Cummings-Debrot, Gilly, Ka-Hei Law, Maya Toll, Aleksandar Srbinovski, Ricardo Rendon Cepeda, Renhe Ji, Andrés Melo Gámez, Tim Leistikow, Moonlight, Shawar Khan, Chris , Megan Douglas, Barbara Smalley, Filip Dabrowski, Joe Giamartino, Clair Chen, Vik Nagjee, Karen Goepen-Wee, Della Palacios, and Bah Becerra.
The Twins Paradox Hands-On Explanation | Special Relativity Ch. 8Go to http://brilliant.org/MinutePhysics for 20% off a premium subscription to Brilliant!
Mark Rober's youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/markrober
This video is chapter 8 in my series on special relativity, and it presents a hands-on explanation of the resolution to the Twins Paradox using the mechanical minkowski diagram, aka mechanical Lorentz transformation, aka spacetime globe. Of course, the Twins paradox can be resolved with an understanding of spacetime intervals, relative inertial frames of reference, etc, but this is a nice hands-on version where you actually measure the proper times on a real, physical spacetime diagram with a ruler.
Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
Do Bacterial Cells Store Memories?Some bacteria seem to be using a type of memory to help them alter future behaviors, based on their past experiences.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/113/15/4224.full.pdf
http://www.pnas.org/content/115/17/4471
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977281/pdf/pnas.201321321.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343395/pdf/12862_2017_Article_884.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4305403/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4890463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121819/pdf/pnas.201406840.pdf
http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004556
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001700
http://www.pnas.org/content/115/17/4471.long
http://www.pnas.org/content/104/40/15876
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977026/pdf/nihms529653.pdf
Can You Overdose on Vitamins?Vitamins are 13 molecules essential for life that our bodies can't make themselves.
Watch Vitamania here: https://ve42.co/vita
Now available worldwide, except France and Germany where it will be broadcast on ARTE soon. Subscribe on the Vitamania website for updates.
Use #vitamania to join the conversation on Twitter and Facebook.
Vitamania is a Genepool Productions feature documentary for SBS Australia, CuriosityStream, and ARTE France. Principal production investment from Screen Australia, in association with Film Victoria.
5-Sided Square - NumberphileCheck our sponsor The Great Courses Plus (free trial): http://ow.ly/j5cB30hIvm2
This video features Cliff Stoll.
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
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5 Devastating Security Flaws You've Never Heard OfDevastating vulnerabilities are hiding in the technology in programs, protocols, and hardware all around us. Most of the time, you can find ways to protect yourself.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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----------
Sources:
https://cve.mitre.org/data/downloads/index.html
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0
https://research.checkpoint.com/eternalblue-everything-know/
https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ms17-010-eternalblue/
https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shellshock-all-you-need-know-about-bash-bug-vulnerability
https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/mms-not-the-only-attack-vector-for-stagefright/
https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/operating_system/all
http://blog.exodusintel.com/2015/08/13/stagefright-mission-accomplished/
https://www.troyhunt.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about2/
https://foxglovesecurity.com/2015/11/06/what-do-weblogic-websphere-jboss-jenkins-opennms-and-your-application-have-in-common-this-vulnerability/
https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Drake-Stagefright-Scary-Code-In-The-Heart-Of-Android.pdf
https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/google-android-cve-2015-3824 (and related bugs)
https://www.smh.com.au/technology/stephane-chazelas-the-man-who-found-the-webs-most-dangerous-internet-security-bug-20140926-10mixr.html
http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q4/92 (and the rest of that thread)
https://fedoramagazine.org/shellshock-how-does-it-actually-work/
http://unixwiz.net/techtips/iguide-kaminsky-dns-vuln.html
https://duo.com/blog/the-great-dns-vulnerability-of-2008-by-dan-kaminsky
https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/understanding-kaminskys-dns-bug
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/02/15/google_stagefright_android_bug_zero_success/
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2015/03/exploiting-dram-rowhammer-bug-to-gain.html
http://users.ece.cmu.edu/~yoonguk/papers/kim-isca14.pdf
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/9akpwz/rowhammerjs-is-the-most-ingenious-hack-ive-ever-seen
How Do Polarized Sunglasses Work?The useful glare-blocking properties of polarized sunglasses are well-known to just about anyone who goes outside. What isn't so well-known is how they reduce glare in the first place. That answer is deceptively complicated!
Hosted by: Hank Green
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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----------
Sources:
https://www.rp-photonics.com/brewsters_angle.html
https://www.edmundoptics.com/resources/application-notes/optics/introduction-to-polarization/
https://physics.tutorvista.com/waves/transverse-waves.html
http://users.physics.harvard.edu/~schwartz/15cFiles/Lecture14-Polarization.pdf
https://www.sunglasswarehouse.com/blog/what-are-polarized-sunglasses/
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/sunglass6.htm
http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/outreach/8thgradesol/PolarizedLight.htm
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/Lesson-1/Polarization
https://www.suncalc.org/
https://www.heavens-above.com/glossary.aspx?lat=0&lng=0&loc=Unspecified&alt=0&tz=UCT&term=altitude
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/27-8-polarization/
http://physics.bu.edu/py106/notes/Polarization.html
https://www.edmundoptics.com/resources/faqs/optics/polarizers/what-is-the-difference-between-s--and-p-polarization-states/
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/brewster/
https://www.goodeyes.com/blog/polarized-lenses-work/
https://www.allaboutvision.com/sunglasses/polarized.htm
https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0606045.pdf
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/understanding-brewsters-angle.708393/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/reflection-refraction-and-dispersion/
China, Zaju, and Beijing Opera: Crash Course Theater #25This week we're headed to China to learn about the ancient origins of theater there. We'll look at the early days of wizard theater (not a typo), the development of classical Chinese theater, and the evolution of Beijing Opera.
Also, check out America from Scratch: https://www.youtube.com/americafromscratch
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
--
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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
Why Florida's Red Tide Is Killing So Many Animals | SciShow NewsFor weeks now, thousands of dead fish, turtles, manatees, and dolphins have been washing up on beaches in southwest Florida.
Most Up-to-date Information:
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Latest Status update: http://myfwc.com/research/redtide/statewide/
NOAA Beach Hazards Warnings: https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/fl.php?x=1
NOAA Harmful Algal Bloom forecast for SW Florida: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/hab/gomx_condition.html?region=swfl
Updated Beach Conditions: https://visitbeaches.org/
FL Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring Program: https://www.facebook.com/FLHABs/
Shellfish Closures: http://shellfish.floridaaquaculture.com/seas/seas_southgulf.htm
Hosted by: Hank Green
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Sources:
http://myfwc.com/media/3333198/Karenia-brevis-factsheet.pdf
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/redtide.html
http://www.myfwc.com/research/redtide/faq/
https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/hab/gomx.html
https://www.whoi.edu/redtide/impacts/wildlife/fish-kills
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2683401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2856946/
https://www.idosi.org/wjfms/wjfms5(1)13/17.pdf
https://www.whoi.edu/redtide/page.do?pid=15159&tid=523&cid=27689
https://www.freshfromflorida.com/content/download/5657/97320/FDACS-P-00080.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature435755a
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014608/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20357898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727069
https://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/weather/new-why-red-tide-killing-spree-florida/pKBrmy4zR75rMrQK1JVwsM/
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-03/red-tide-blamed-for-dead-marine-life-on-florida-beaches/10071686
https://www.fws.gov/southeast/news/2017/03/manatee-reclassified-from-endangered-to-threatened-as-habitat-improves-and-population-expands-existing-federal-protections-remain-in-place/
http://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20180802/deciphering-red-tide-blight-at-southwest-florida-beaches
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988314001425
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434307001938
http://www.fox13news.com/news/local-news/mote-scientists-track-ongoing-red-tide-bloom
http://www.mysuncoast.com/community/experts-weigh-in-on-severe-red-tide/article_6bea9baa-96d3-11e8-b772-d7d076f68dce.html
https://www.epa.gov/arc-x/climate-adaptation-and-harmful-algal-blooms
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2006/hurricane_redtide.html
http://www.fort-myers-beach-observer.com/page/content.detail/id/633823/Red-tide-in-real-numbers.html?nav=5000
https://www.naplesnews.com/story/news/local/communities/the-banner/2018/08/01/red-tide-hurting-fishing-tour-companies-swfl-captains-say/873463002/
------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karenia_brevis.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_tide.jpg
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dead-fish-gm697364964-129149005
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/crustaceans-shellfish-and-mollusks-gm186898974-27573701
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/ocean-fishes-and-sea-creatures-gm183149425-27742095
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/small-waves-break-on-the-ocean-5i9spzl
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/sea-turtle-swimming-in-open-water-near-the-surface-j69i995
https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/hab/gomx_condition.html?region=swfl
https://images.nasa.gov/details-sts046-86-064.html
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cropped_lake_okeechobee_oli_2016184_lrg.jpg
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/florida-state-usa-3d-render-topographic-map-gm843198428-137721961
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/clear-waves-crashing-on-the-beach-s99aqea
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/fish-skeletons-seamless-wallpaper-gm481396236-69112009
Stress, Strain & Quicksand: Crash Course Engineering #12Today we’re talking all about fluid mechanics! We’ll look at different scales that we work with as engineers, mass and energy transfers, the no-slip condition, stress and strain, Newton’s law of viscosity, Reynold’s number, and more!
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
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Why Scientists are Giving Robots Human MusclesHuman-robot hybrids are advancing quickly, but the applications aren't just for complete synthetic humans. There's a lot we can learn about ourselves in the process.
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How the Normans changed the history of Europe - Mark RobinsonCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-the-normans-changed-the-history-of-europe-mark-robinson
In the year 1066, 7,000 Norman infantry and knights sailed in warships across the English Channel. Their target: England, home to more than a million people. Around the same period of time, other groups of Normans were setting forth all across Europe. Who were these warriors, and how did they leave their mark so far and wide? Mark Robinson shares a brief history of the Normans.
Lesson by Mark Robinson, directed by Echo Bridge.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Ryohky Araya, vivian james, Tan YH, Brittiny Elman, Mayra Urbano, Ruth Fang, Kostadin Mandulov, Alex Schenkman, Ivan Todorović, Antero Semi, Yanuar Ashari, Mrinalini, Anthony Kudolo, Scott Gass, Querida Owens, Hazel Lam, Manav parmar, Dwight Tevuk, Siamak H, Dominik Kugelmann, Mary Sawyer, David Rosario, Samuel Doerle, Susan Herder, Savannah Scheelings, Prasanth Mathialagan, Yanira Santamaria, Dawn Jordan, Constantin Salagor, Activated Classroom Teaching, Kevin Wong, Umar Farooq, Goh Xiang Ting Diana, Dmitry Neverov, Cristóbal Medina Moenne, MJ Tan Mingjie, Yansong Li, Jason A Saslow, Joanne Luce, Henry Li, Kyle Nguyen, Taylor Hunter, Noa Shore, Lex Azevedo, and Merit Gamertsfelder.
How U.S. Airports Might Revamp Security... Using Game TheoryFor the past few years, airports have been working with game theorists to step up their security game.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8dd8/6bdc75fb5451658a872098490a3c9df53de0.pdf
https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/viewFile/2173/2067
https://www.airport-technology.com/features/featuregame-theory-airport-security-teamcore-stackelberg/
http://teamcore.usc.edu/papers/2011/GUARDS_Ind.pdf
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5615837/
http://teamcore.usc.edu/kiekintveld/papers/2009/trkot-IRIS.htm
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8692/3e16b16c7a4176eaca8a024f92e5f56dc42d.pdf
https://intelligence.org/2014/05/30/milind-tambe/
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/boan/papers/Milindchapter.pdf
http://create.usc.edu/research/publications/3204
https://www.cais.usc.edu/projects/wildlife-security/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/game-theory/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-game-theory-and-w/
http://www.frequentbusinesstraveler.com/2015/10/poll-87-of-flyers-give-tsa-airport-security-fair-or-poor-rating/
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-07-30/how-terror-incidents-have-shaped-global-airline-security/8757450
https://www.ustravel.org/press/survey-flying-hassles-keep-travelers-home
http://news.gallup.com/poll/144920/air-travelers-sacrificing-privacy-security.aspx
https://www.tsa.gov/news/releases/2018/04/11/tsa-raising-aviation-security-baseline-stronger-domestic-security-measures
https://blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2014/09/15/settlers-of-catan-and-game-theory/
https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/documented_briefings/2006/RAND_DB499-1.pdf
http://www.newsweek.com/tsa-fails-half-time-706568
https://www.vox.com/2016/3/29/11326472/hijacking-airplanes-egyptair
http://web.stanford.edu/~rjohari/teaching/notes/246_lecture7_2007.pdf
https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/xlm-0000005.pdf
https://ctc.usma.edu/terrorist-threats-to-commercial-aviation-a-contemporary-assessment/
Test Statistics: Crash Course Statistics #26Test statistics allow us to quantify how close things are to our expectations or theories. Instead of going on our gut feelings, they allow us to add a little mathematical rigor when asking the question: “Is this random… or real?” Today, we’ll introduce some examples using both t-tests and z-tests and explain how critical values and p-values are different ways of telling us the same information. We’ll get to some other test statistics like F tests and chi-square in a future episode.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court. Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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Last Cards Match - NumberphileNumberphile Playing Cards: http://bit.ly/NumberphileCards
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Featuring Tadashi Tokieda, a professor of mathematics at Stanford University.
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Why Do I Sweat So Much?If you always end up soaked while your friends are barely glistening, you might have wondered why your sweat glands are so… sweaty.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.sweathelp.org/home/types-of-hyperhidrosis.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/antiperspirants/antiperspirant-basics.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/medications.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/ets-surgery.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/hyperhidrosis-treatments/underarm-surgeries.html
https://www.sweathelp.org/pdf/drugs_2009.pdf
https://www.hyperhidrosiscumc.com/about-hyperhidrosis/
https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(04)00546-8/abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20696786
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1401080/
https://www.medicaldaily.com/sweat-set-what-causes-some-people-sweat-more-others-271950
http://www.oapublishinglondon.com/article/1433
Can you solve the rogue AI riddle? - Dan FinkelPractice more problem-solving at https://brilliant.org/TedEd/
If you sign up for a FREE membership using the link above, Brilliant will email you the solution to the BONUS RIDDLE.
A hostile artificial intelligence called NIM has taken over the world’s computers. You’re the only person skilled enough to shut it down, and you’ll only have one chance. Can you survive and shut off the artificial intelligence? Dan Finkel shows how.
Lesson by Dan Finkel, directed by Artrake Studio.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jordan Tang, Christopher Jimenez, Juan, Tracey Tobkin, Sid, emily lam, Kathryn J Hammond, Elliot Poulin, Noel Situ, Oyuntsengel Tseyen-Oidov, Latora Slydell, Sydney Evans, Victor E Karhel, Bernardo Paulo, Eysteinn Guðnason, Andrea Feliz, Natalia Rico, Josh Engel, Bárbara Nazaré, Gustavo Mendoza, Zhexi Shan, Hugo Legorreta, PnDAA, Sandra Tersluisen, Ellen Spertus, Fabian Amels, sammie goh, Mattia Veltri, Quentin Le Menez, Yuh Saito, Joris Debonnet, Heather Slater, Dr Luca Carpinelli, Janie Jackson, Christophe Dessalles, Arturo De Leon, Eduardo Briceño, Bill Feaver, Ricardo Paredes, David Douglass, Grant Albert, Paul Coupe, Jen, Megan Whiteleather, and Mayank Kaul.
Why Are Disney Princesses Aging in Reverse?Thanks to Wix for supporting PBS Digital Studios. To learn more: https://Wix.com/go/OKAY
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I noticed something weird about Disney Princesses lately. Naturally, I had to examine it through the lens of science. The answer led me to new knowledge about human development, the domestication and taming of animals, and why we find things cute in the first place. You’ll never look at cartoons the same way again
Siberian silver fox footage courtesy of Lee Alan Dugatkin and Lyudmila Trut. Check out their book “How to Tame a Fox (and Build a Dog)” to learn more, it’s great! https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo25568406.html
Skull reproductions courtesy of Boneclones: https://boneclones.com/
REFERENCES:
Gould, Stephen Jay “Biological Homage to Mickey Mouse” https://faculty.uca.edu/benw/biol4415/papers/Mickey.pdf
Bogin, B. (1990). The evolution of human childhood. Bioscience, 40(1), 16-25.
PDF: http://bit.ly/2vDb3Vy
Somel, M., Franz, H., Yan, Z., Lorenc, A., Guo, S., Giger, T., ... & Webster, M. J. (2009). Transcriptional neoteny in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(14), 5743-5748.
-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Andrew Matthews
Writer: Andrew Matthews
Creative Director: David Schulte
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Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
7 Amazing Physics Gadgets!Small collection of some cool physics gadgets.
Thanks for watching!
Song 1: Over Rain
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/over-rain/1033695238?i=1033696025
Song 2: The Last Sun
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-last-sun/id789859890?i=789859929
Song 3: Abyss
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/abyss/1033702454?i=1033702470
1. helicone
2. hypnogizmo
3. swinging sticks
4. maxwell's wheel
5. euler's disk
6. solids of constant width
7. vortex dome
The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course History of Science #16Over the last four episodes, we’ve examined some of the stories that make up the idea of a “revolution” in knowledge-making in Europe. But we can’t understand this idea fully, without unpacking another one—the so called Age of Exploration. This encompasses a lot of events that happened from 1400 through the 1600s and were driven in part by new ideas about knowledge-making.
***
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Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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Why You Might Want Someone Else's Poop Inside YouDonating your blood could save someone's life. And so could donating your poop.
Correction: The writer for this episode was actually Hannah Thomasy, who is wonderful.
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5 Things Humans Got Really Wrong About Our BodiesThroughout history, people have been trying to figure out how our bodies work and how to fix them when things go wrong. This has led to some ideas that, with the benefit of hindsight, seem very strange.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/shakespeare/fourhumors.html
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w76vxr.21?seq=26#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.britannica.com/science/humor-ancient-physiology
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0251%3Atext%3Dintro%3Achapter%3D9
https://web.archive.org/web/20110708073035/http://www.bloodmed.com/home/hannpdf/bjh3130.pdf
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/contagion/humoraltheory.html
https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/9021/Keith%20Stewart%20Presentation%20for%20Humanities%20PGR%20Conference%20April%20and%20May%202013.pdf;sequence=3
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-coffee-chocolate-and-tea-overturned-1500-year-old-medical-mindset-180963339/
https://academic.oup.com/labmed/article-abstract/14/12/791/2642842?redirectedFrom=PDF
https://www.amjmedsci.com/article/S0002-9629(15)30578-4/pdf
What Happens If You Eat Mold?Even if you don’t notice that your bread is fuzzy before you chow down, it’s not going to kill you … probably.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/molds-on-food-are-they-dangerous_/ct_index
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/21/523647669/is-it-safe-to-eat-moldy-bread
https://www.livescience.com/32768-is-it-safe-to-cut-off-the-mold-and-use-the-rest.html
https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/ask-well-is-it-safe-to-eat-moldy-bread/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-is-it-safe-to-eat-moldy-food/
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/aflatoxins
http://digg.com/2017/can-you-eat-moldy-bread
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC164220/
http://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/APJCN/16%20Suppl%201//95.pdf
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311932.2016.1213127
http://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2017-05-17/is-it-safe-to-eat-food-after-cut-mould-off/8518220
https://search.proquest.com/openview/d6c0a658f47c510ff7a84cc35d55da2d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40575
http://www.hilyses.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/heinrichs-and-Kehoe-2004-pp-194-203.pdf#page=292
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11563743
http://poisonousplants.ansci.cornell.edu/toxicagents/aflatoxin/aflatoxin.html
http://www.who.int/ceh/capacity/mycotoxins.pdf
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Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ochratoxin_A.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fumonisin_B1.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(%E2%80%93)-Aflatoxin_B1_Structural_Formulae_V.1.svg
All Night Demon Dance Party - Kathakali: Crash Course Theater #24Take the PBSDS Survey! https://to.pbs.org/2018YTSurvey
This week, we're headed back to India to learn about the all night dance shows that culminate in killing a Demon (metaphorically): Kathakali! This form arose in the Kerala region of India, and tells traditional Indian stories, but with really remarkable makeup, hand positions, and dance moves.
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What Happens If You Fuse All Your Chromosomes? | SciShow NewsTwo separate groups of biologists reported fusing entire sets of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes together, and surprisingly, the actual number of chromosomes might not be as important as we thought.
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Sources:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0382-x
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0374-x
https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05309-4
https://press.nature.com/?post_type=press_release&p=120551
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/chromosome
https://www.genome.gov/13014330/transcriptome-fact-sheet/
http://www.genetics.org/content/189/3/737
Bird Taking Off at 20,000 fps (213 milliseconds) - Smarter Every Day 197I make daily stories on instagram, click this link to follow and see them: https://www.instagram.com/smartereveryday/
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No, You Don't Have a "Reptilian Brain"You don't actually have a "reptilian brain" somewhere deep in your head making you act like a salty crocodile, so where did that idea even come from?
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4PmLFmNdHL0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=triune+brain+theory&ots=y9hgDk_Q3c&sig=VIQqd3yxyNZKx2MAD11SEDbSff4#v=onepage&q=triune%20brain%20theory&f=false
https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uRuu_2RRt00C&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=triune+brain+theory&ots=QI9Ora3QsH&sig=mz6EKjYKpBjMKwOopQelXHUvuyg#v=onepage&q=triune%20brain%20theory&f=false
https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/13-1-the-embryologic-perspective/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917081/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982211001084
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jvitti/files/cephalopodcognition.pdf [PDF]
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/25078/1/Evolving_Brains.pdf [PDF]
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00237/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406946/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260787/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3543080/
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Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/crocodile-toy-on-isolated-gm983409764-266951448
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/pipes-cover-design-gm861702402-142658261
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/set-of-burger-icons-gm823606324-133332397
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/colored-cover-gm860109104-142093005
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/brain-gm97234908-18319251
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/colorful-vintage-brain-illustration-isolated-on-blue-bg-gm935788622-256027145
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/monkey-figure-gm464461676-58517860
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/octopus-gm891975152-246939619
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/pair-of-nesting-scarlet-macaws-gm148948833-20873654
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/plastic-rat-gm174673895-9164955
Will This Kill Your Brain Cells?Are you losing brain cells, right now?
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Why does your voice change as you get older? - Shaylin A. SchundlerLearn more about TED's student voice initiative here: http://bit.ly/2ODTRIq
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The human voice is capable of incredible variety and range. As we age, our bodies undergo two major changes which explore that range. So how exactly does our voice box work, and what causes these shifts in speech? Shaylin A. Schundler describes how and why our voices change when we get older.
Lesson by Shaylin A. Schundler, directed by Andrew Foerster & Nick Counter.
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Why Are There Penguins At The Equator?Try Dashlane here: http://bit.ly/minutedash. Plus, here’s a 10% off promo code for Dashlane Premium: minuteearth
When nutrients from the ocean depths reach the sunlit surface (like in the Galapagos), life is more productive.
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To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Net Primary Production (NPP): the amount of primary production that organisms do, minus the amount of carbon they use up to do so (by respiring)
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Primary Production: the synthesis of organic chemicals from carbon dioxide (mostly happens through photosynthesis)
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References:
Ainley, David. Personal Communication, 2018.
Baker, A. J., et al. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc of Royal Soc B: Biol Sci, 273 (1582), 11-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011/
Behrenfeld, M. J., et al. 2006. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature, 444(7120), 752. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05317
Boersma, Dee. Personal Communication, 2018.
Boyd, P.W., et al. 2014. Cross-chapter box on net primary production in the ocean. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC [Field, C.B., et al (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK & New York, NY, USA, pp. 133-136.
Dybdahl, Mark. Personal Communication, 2018.
Falkowski, P. G., et al. 1998. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science, 281(5374), 200-206. https://goo.gl/1P7b69
Field, C. B., et al. 1998. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science, 281(5374), 237-240. https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt9gm7074q/qt9gm7074q.pdf
Karnauskas, K. B., et al. 2017. Paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the past 4 million years and the geologic origins of modern Galapagos upwelling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 460, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.005
LaRue, Michelle. Personal Communication, 2018.
Kallmeyer, Jens. Personal Communication, 2018.
Pockalny, Robert. Personal Communication, 2018.
Sigman, D. M. & Hain, M. P. 2012. The Biological Productivity of the Ocean. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):21. https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-biological-productivity-of-the-ocean-70631104
Giant Antarctic Sea Spiders | SciShow Talk ShowArt Woods introduces us to Antartica's enormous sea spiders and Jessi from Animal Wonders brings in Fluffy the Chilean Rose Tarantula, a surprisingly big land spider.
Find Art's podcast Big Biology at https://www.bigbiology.org/
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http://polargiants.squarespace.com/scuba/
This Binge-drinking Tree Shrew Could Probably Outdrink YouStart protecting yourself on the web at https://NordVPN.com/SCISHOW and use the code SCISHOW to save 77%!
Many animals consume some alcohol in their foods, but these shrews take it to a whole new level!
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20153407
http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/09/08/sweden.drunken.moose/
http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/3/7/160217
http://www.pnas.org/content/105/30/10426.short
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00498254.2014.926573?journalCode=ixen20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3641160/
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0008993
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/318/5851/792
http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/2/458.full.pdf
http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/6/150150.short
https://www.livescience.com/51146-chimps-get-drunk.html
Did ancient Troy really exist? - Einav Zamir DembinIf you enjoy this lesson, we highly recommend reading "Fallen Glory: The Lives and Deaths of History's Greatest Buildings." Discounted e-book versions available here: https://amzn.to/2LL50Zk
Check out our book rec page to learn more: http://bit.ly/2mZ9LQS
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/did-ancient-troy-really-exist-einav-zamir-dembin
When Homer’s Iliad was first written down in the eighth century BCE, the story of the Trojan war was already an old one. From existing oral tradition, audiences knew the tales of the long siege, the duels outside the city walls, and the trick that finally won the war. In the end, the city was burned to the ground, never to rise again. But had it ever existed? Einav Zamir Dembin investigates.
Lesson by Einav Zamir Dembin, directed by Cabong Studios.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Divina Grace Dar Santos, Brian Richards, Farah Abdelwahab, Joe Meyers, Mikhail Shkirev, Raphaël LAURENT, Malcolm Callis, Sweetmilkcoco, David Matthew Ezroj, Ever Granada, fatima kried, Begum Tutuncu, Lala Arguelles, Mehmet Sencer KARADAYI, Christian Kurch, SungGyeong Bae, Luis Felipe Ruiz Langenscheidt, Joe Huang, Rohan Gupta, Senjo Limbu, Martin Lau, Robson Martinho, Jason Garcia, Cailin Ramsey, Aaron Henson, John Saveland, Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, Sandy Nasser, QIUJING L BU, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Jaron Blackburn, Alejandro Cachoua, Thomas Mungavan, Elena Crescia, Edla Paniguel, Sarah Lundegaard, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Tim Armstrong, Erika Blanquez, Ricki Daniel Marbun, zjweele13, Judith Benavides, Ken, Caitlin de Falco, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Melvin Williams, Tirath Singh Pandher, Athena Grace Franco, Terry Minion, Ian McPherson, Mauricio Basso, Kelvin Lam, Jamesbo87 , Tara Frost, Karlee Finch, Chumi Ogbonna, Barthélémy Michalon, Lefty McGoo, Lucas Pincerato, Prefer Anonymous, Mohamed Elsayed, Amin Shahril, Mihail Radu Pantilimon, Chris Thompson, Derek Drescher, Karisa Caudill, Zhong Ming Zenny Tan, Christina Salvatore, Brady Jones, Todd Gross, Alexis Hevia, Heidi Stolt, Daisy Trujillo, Robert Seik, Coenraad Keuning, Charles A Hershberger, Laura Cameron Keith, Abhishek Goel, Max Ngomane, Rafael Kato, Jen O'Hogan, Renu Balak, Marc Bou Zeid, JY Kang, Anastasiia, Madee Lo, Arpita Singh, Karl Laius, Barbarossa, Luca Oradini, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Melissa Rocha, Julia Fell, Guy Hardy, Rachel Chen, Sebastiaan Vleugels, Joel Alfonso, Tom Vu, Derya Goekcay, Brandy Sarver, Fernando Minardi, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Akinola Emmanuel, igor romanenko, Dian Atamyanov, Ernest Chang, Abhishek Bansal, Austin Randall, Ryan B Harvey, Jennifer Kurkoski, phkphk123321 , Arlene Weston, Mehmet Yusuf Ertekin, Ten Cha, Les Howard, Kevin O'Leary, Francisco Leos, Prateek Shrivastava, Robert Patrick, Jorge, Marcus Appelbaum, Alan Wilder, Amin Talaei, Mohamed Elsayed, Aleksandr Lyozin, Eimann P. Evarola, Claire Ousey, Carlos H. Costa, Tariq Keblaoui, Bela Namyslik, Nick Johnson, Won Jang, Johnnie Graham, Junjie Huang, Harshita Jagdish Sahijwani, Amber Alexander, Yelena Baykova, Laurence McMillan, and John C. Vesey, Karmi Nguyen.
The Sad Truth About the Turmeric in Your Golden LatteNow seems like a golden opportunity to talk about the positive health benefits of that turmeric in your morning latte.
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6 "Vegetarian" Animals that Will Give You NightmaresSome of the animals you think of as just cute grass-eating creatures might actually be more interested in chomping on your meaty bones.
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Sources:
Ruminants:
https://bit.ly/2uSAjrD
https://bit.ly/2LqFMjn
https://bit.ly/2LEQsdQ
https://bit.ly/2LA5Bx1
https://bit.ly/1ppRio1
https://bit.ly/2LU5R6W
https://bit.ly/2LnyFsd
https://ind.pn/2NNXRF7
https://bit.ly/2AdxC94
https://bit.ly/2LEBvs9
https://bit.ly/2LuqfiU
https://bit.ly/2JYqo8v
Why Do Prosthetic Limbs Feel Way Heavier Than Biological Ones?Because biological limbs are connected to our skeletons, we don't notice that they weigh a lot! As technology develops, scientists have designed lighter, more functional prostheses and the latest can even use the skeleton like a biological limb does!
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Sources:
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/710622.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4040928/pdf/TODENTJ-8-50.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5371647/
http://www.wrnmmc.capmed.mil/Health%20Services/Surgery/Orthopaedics%20and%20Rehabilitation/Osseointegration/SiteAssets/Osseointegration-FactSheet%20VA.pdf
http://www.osseointegrationaustralia.com.au/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.12578
Why Cancer Labels Are Super MisleadingWhat does it actually mean when a label says something ‘causes cancer’? Those labels can be misleading, but knowing the legal and scientific reasoning behind them can help.
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357686312646216567629137 - NumberphileTruncatable Primes with Dr James Grime... Check out Brilliant (and get 20% off their premium service): https://brilliant.org/numberphile (sponsor)
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Could the Plague Rise Again?How likely is a 21st-century epidemic of the plague? Unlike other diseases, the plague is alive and well in some parts of the world, but scientists and doctors are continuing to develop better treatments.
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How can you change someone's mind? (hint: facts aren't always enough) - Hugo MercierCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-can-you-change-someone-s-mind-spoiler-facts-don-t-work-so-well-hugo-mercier
Why do arguments change people’s minds in some cases and backfire in others? Hugo Mercier explains how arguments are more convincing when they rest on a good knowledge of the audience, taking into account what the audience believes, who they trust, and what they value.
Lesson by Hugo Mercier, animation by TED-Ed.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Scheherazade Kelii, Errys , James Bruening, Michael Braun-Boghos, Ricardo Diaz, Kack-Kyun Kim, Artem Minyaylov, Alexandrina Danifeld, Danny Romard, Yujing Jiang, Stina Boberg, Mariana Ortega, Anthony Wiggins, Hoai Nam Tran, Joe Sims, David Petrovič, Chris Adriaensen, Lowell Fleming, Amir Ghandeharioon, Anuj Tomar, Sunny Patel, Vijayalakshmi , Devesh Kumar, Uday Kishore, Aidan Forero, Leen Mshasha, Allan Hayes, Thomas Bahrman, Vaibhav Mirjolkar, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Erik Biemans, Gaurav Mathur, Sameer Halai, Hans Peng, Tekin Gültekin, Hector Quintanilla, Raheem , Penelope Misquitta, Ravi S. Rāmphal, Emma Moyse, Fahad Nasser Chowdhury, Marin Kovachev, Roman Pinchuk, Mohamad Aiman Fitri Bin Annuar, Daniel Huerga, Maria Lerchbaumer, Edgar Campos Barrachina, Dianne Palomar, The Brock, Curtis Light, Ernest Chow, Liana Switzer, Maija Chapman, Pamela Harrison, Dylan Drover, Mighterbump , Beatriz Inácio, Robert Hargis, Soma Ali, Mark wisdom, Mircea Sîrbu, Ai Ejima, Irindany Sandoval, William Bravante, Elizabeth Parker, Sai Krishna Koyoda, Therapist Gus, Samuel Barbas, Betsy Feathers, Maxwell Ingram, Ajinkya Deshmukh, Victoria Soler-Roig, Abdulmateen Aderinto, Pavel Maksimov, Barbara Younker, Cyrus Garay, Yvette Mocete, Mike Azarkman, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Patricia Alves Panagides, and William Biersdorf.
A Giant Underground Lake on Mars! | Breaking NewsScientists have discovered an underground lake of liquid water on Mars! While this isn’t itself evidence for life on Mars, it does raise some new possibilities.
Our SciShow Space episode about this: https://youtu.be/b8eNOOqi258
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Sources:
http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7268
http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aau1829
https://www.space.com/30673-water-flows-on-mars-discovery.html
https://www.space.com/21554-mars-toxic-perchlorate-chemicals.html
Why Don't Humans Have a Mating Season?Unlike lots of other animals, there’s no such thing as the “mating season” for humans, and it might have to do with how we raise our kids.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article-abstract/7/6/735/724626
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-012-9996-5
http://bigthink.com/philip-perry/why-dont-humans-have-a-mating-season-turns-out-we-do-sort-of
https://www.medicaldaily.com/cuffing-season-really-just-human-mating-season-science-behind-millennial-359702
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X05001364?via%3Dihub
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/physiology-of-seasonal-breeding-a-review-2157-7579-1000331.php?aid=72350
http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/chimpanzee/behav
http://sydney.edu.au/science/biology/shine/publications/reprints_legal/472whydomost.pdf
https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Breeding_Season.html
https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/03/19/sperm-works-best-in-the-winter-study-finds/
https://www.livescience.com/32728-baby-month-is-almost-here-.html
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-humans-continuous-breeders-when-most-other-animals-are-seasonal-breeders
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0684.1996.tb00212.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/breeding-season
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737001/
Balls and Cones - NumberphileThis is a (stand-alone) continuation of the previous video at: https://youtu.be/2vnqSwWAn34
Featuring Tadashi Tokieda.
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
More Tadashi: http://bit.ly/tadashi_vids
Playing cards latest: http://www.bradyharanblog.com/numberphile-playing-cards
Numberphile is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI): http://bit.ly/MSRINumberphile
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The breathtaking courage of Harriet Tubman - Janell HobsonDownload a free audiobook version of "The Underground Railroad" and support TED-Ed's nonprofit mission: https://adbl.co/2LEl0sU
Check out our full book recommendation: https://shop.ed.ted.com/collections/ted-ed-book-recommendations/products/the-underground-railroad
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-courage-of-harriet-tubman-janell-hobson
Escaping slavery; risking everything to save her family; leading a military raid; championing the cause of women’s suffrage; these are just a handful of the accomplishments of one of America’s most courageous heroes. Janell Hobson details Harriet Tubman's many fights for freedom.
Lesson by Janell Hobson, directed by Yan Dan Wong.
Thank you so much to our patrons for supporting us on Patreon! Without you this video would not be possible! Philippe Spoden, Samantha Chow, Armando Ello, Ayala Ron, Manognya Chakrapani, Simon Holst Ravn, Doreen Reynolds-Consolati, Rakshit Kothari, Melissa Sorrells, Antony Lee, Husain Mohammad, Max Shuai Tang, Côme Vincent, Astia Rizki Safitri, Alan Froese, alessandra tasso, Gerald Onyango, Katrina Harding, Ezgi Yersu, Al the Scottish Wildcat, Katie Dean, Kin Lon Ma, Carsten Tobehn, Boris Langvand, Jeremy Fryd, Charlene You, Carolyn Corwin, rakesh Katragadda, Sergi Páez, Janelle, Jørgen Østerpart, Karla Brilman, Cindy O., Nicu Boanda, Reagen O'Connor, Anh Dau, Sabrina Gonzalez, Dino, FAWWAZ GHUWAIDI, Hadi Salahshour, Clement, Sarah Burns, Nick Debenedictis, Abdullah Altuwaijri, and Jessie McGuire.
Earthquakes, Circles and Spheres - NumberphileTadashi is back with a discussion of how we know where earthquakes occur. A second video is at: https://youtu.be/lubGnk0UZt0
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Podcasts
HELLO INTERNET
http://www.hellointernet.fm
UNMADE PODCAST
https://www.unmade.fm
Numberphile is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI): http://bit.ly/MSRINumberphile
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3 Incredible Examples of Evolution Hidden In Your BodyLearn more about your personal DNA story by going to https://23andMe.com/okay
Don't miss our next video! SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub
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Humans are special, and we got that way thanks to evolution and natural selection. The proof is right there in our bodies! From anatomy to genes, here are some stories of how you got to be the way you are.
References:
Miller, Kenneth R. "The Human Instinct: How We Evolved to Have Reason, Consciousness, and Free Will" Simon & Schuster (2018) https://amzn.to/2JD3d3c
Booth, H. A. F., & Holland, P. W. (2004). Eleven daughters of NANOG. Genomics, 84(2), 229-238.
Brawand, D., Wahli, W., & Kaessmann, H. (2008). Loss of egg yolk genes in mammals and the origin of lactation and placentation. PLoS biology, 6(3), e63.
Freyer, C., & Renfree, M. B. (2009). The mammalian yolk sac placenta. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 312(6), 545-554.
Yunis, J. J., & Prakash, O. (1982). The origin of man: a chromosomal pictorial legacy. Science, 215(4539), 1525-1530.
-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Creative Director: David Schulte
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Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
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The Physics of Caramel: How To Make a Caramelized Sugar CubeWatch the original video in Spanish here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2Vkv5GQXww
This video is about how the physics and chemistry of sugar (in particular, how it melts, and how it caramelizes) is more complicated than you might think. It involves fructose, sucrose, glucose, and a sticky mess.
Credits:
Gallium melting footage by WorkshopScience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jow4idr6HNs
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
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The Earth's Internet: How Fungi Help Plants CommunicatePlants have their own interconnected networks that allow them to communicate with each other, sometimes over considerable distances!
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Sources:
https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
https://www.nature.com/articles/41557
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep03915
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0013324
https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article/doi/10.1093/aobpla/plv050/201398
https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.12788
https://e360.yale.edu/features/exploring_how_and_why_trees_talk_to_each_other
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141111-plants-have-a-hidden-internet
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00572-001-0140-y
The New Anatomy: Crash Course History of Science #15There’s a question to consider that’s pretty daunting: what is life?
And to try to answer that question, three tools stand out as being especially useful: A book, some experiments, and the microscope! In this episode, Hank talks to us about all kinds of gross things! It's fun!
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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8 Boss Invertebrates That Eat Whatever They WantEven if you’re tiny, you can still be fierce. Here are 8 little invertebrates who punch above their weight class at dinner time.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.intechopen.com/books/global-advances-in-biogeography/biogeography-of-dragonflies-and-damselflies-the-highly-mobile-predators-
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anssi_Laurila/publication/29725922_Predator-Induced_Changes_in_Life_History_in_Two_Anuran_Tadpoles_Effects_of_Predator_Diet/links/00b4951d70b2151729000000.pdf
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s004420050124
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16354.x
http://www.salamandra-journal.com/index.php/home/contents/2016-vol-52/434-linares-a-m-j-a-h-maciel-junior-h-e-s-de-mello-f-s-f-leite/file
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/335/6067/469
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00239-008-9065-9
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014223.1994.9517994
https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02666.x
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014223.2015.1127263?journalCode=tnzz20
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/335/6067/469
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00239-008-9065-9
http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v45_n2/arac-45-2-238.pdf
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2413
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025161
http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/1/2/140186
https://theconversation.com/the-frog-tongue-is-a-high-speed-adhesive-72064
https://bugguide.net/node/view/342391
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02350277
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1982.tb00363.x
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1676/16-100.1?journalCode=wils
https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/bobbit-worm
https://www.wired.com/2013/09/absurd-creature-of-the-week-bobbit-worm/
https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/179218/1/Kuroshio.Bio_5_9.pdf
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/10389023/Secret-giant-worm-behind-mystery-of-vanishing-aquarium-fish.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33187
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/521176e2e4b07172002a14d4/t/531636aae4b035ad0332a8ec/1393964714488/Powell+and+Baker+2008+ENG.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00091.x
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1982.tb00363.x
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0e83/7a19a503aa384e2186f5ca80211003bc0408.pdf
https://academic.oup.com/ae/article/43/1/23/2474476
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1046&context=ncfwrustaff
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1982.tb00363.x
https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/handle/2346/60789/31295007594467.pdf?sequence=1
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3496175
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1670/15-017
http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/100_worst.php
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=ncfwrustaff
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2002.00523.x
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/hrghsj1999/2004/2/2004_2_78/_article
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2011.00450.x
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/13500857
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2612468#page/542/mode/1up
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45933#page/167/mode/1up
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000334721100563X
https://thedragonflywoman.com/2012/01/29/abedus-breathing/
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bugs/giant_water_bugs.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591375
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/coconut-crabs-eat-everything-from-kittens-to-maybe-amelia-earhart-180948206/
https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fee.1730
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044523110000094
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166108
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2152805-giant-coconut-crab-sneaks-up-on-a-sleeping-bird-and-kills-it/
Do Brown Eyes See Better?To get 2 months of unlimited access to Skillshare for free, click here:
http://skl.sh/scishow14
Since eye color is determined by chemical and structural differences in the eye, it seems logical that different eye colors see the world in different ways.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/traits/eyecolor
https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/20/health/20real.html
https://nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/armd_facts
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.1992.75.1.91
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298217/
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.2001.93.2.455
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajpa.1330430324
http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0722798
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb05061.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642098980137
https://www.medical-hypotheses.com/article/S0306-9877(05)00198-2/abstract?code=ymehy-site
-------
Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/set-of-neutral-concept-human-eye-illustrations-gm507286058-84669737
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/close-up-of-an-eye-gm923467232-253485914
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cropped-closeup-image-of-female-brown-eyes-gm466155476-59634744
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/beautiful-eyes-close-up-gm850917192-139689503
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/collage-of-various-faces-gm619979228-108199107
The World in UVUV cameras expose a hidden world and reveal the incompleteness of our perception
The Physics Girl looks at sunscreen: https://youtu.be/GRD-xvlhGMc
How to make sunscreen from scratch: https://youtu.be/lMXAY5F28L0
In summary, ultraviolet light interacts differently with matter for a number of reasons:
1. Some pigments selectively absorb UV so they may appear white in the visible but dark in the UV. The pigments usually dissipate the UV energy as heat, though the breaking of bonds can also occur.
2. Fluorescent molecules absorb UV light and re-radiate that energy as visible light. This makes them look dark in the UV but glowing under black light.
3. Ultraviolet light scatters more than visible light because the wavelength is shorter and Raleigh scattering is proportional to the reciprocal of wavelength to the power of four.
Special thanks to HHMI BioInteractive for their awesome animations of melanocytes and how the melanin in melanosomes protect your DNA. To see the full video explaining how we get our skin color, check out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC0TL_lYLm8
Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, Michael Krugman, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen, Yildiz Kabaran, Terrance Snow, Stan Presolski
References:
Overview of main UV effects:
Visualizing Rayleigh Scattering through UV Photography
https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00260.1
Arctic animals are photographed in the UV to increase visibility and get an accurate count:
Lavigne, D. (1976). Counting Harp Seals with ultra-violet photography. Polar Record, 18(114), 269-277. doi:10.1017/S0032247400000310
Absorption spectrum of melanin: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jgd1000/melanin.html
"The spectroscopy of human melanin pigmentation," by N. Kollias. In: Melanin: Its Role in Human Photoprotection, pp. 31 - 38. Valdenmar Publishing Co. (1995).
"Optical properties of human sclera, and their consequences for transscleral laser applications," by A. Vogel, C. Dlugos, and R. Nuffer, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 11(4), pp. 331 - 340 (1991).
"The incidence and time-course of latanoprost-induced iridial pigmentation as a function of eye color," by P. Wistrand, J. Stjernschantz, and K. Olsson, Survey of Ophthalmology 41(S2), pp. S129 - S138 (1997).
Music by Epidemic Sound: https://www.epidemicsound.com "Spring Moods 5"
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Scientists are researching the effects that frequent social media use might be having on developing minds, and we're on the verge of colorful X-ray images, which might reveal more than their black and white predecessors
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Sources:
ADHD and Social Media
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8931
Color X Rays https://home.cern/about/updates/2018/07/first-3d-colour-x-ray-human-using-cern-technology
https://www.marsbioimaging.com/mars/overview/
Feynman's Lost Lecture (ft. 3Blue1Brown)Check out Grant’s channel: 3blue1brown: https://www.youtube.com/3blue1brown
This video recounts a lecture by Richard Feynman giving an elementary demonstration of why planets orbit in ellipses. See the excellent book by Judith and David Goodstein, "Feynman's lost lecture”, for the full story behind this lecture, and a deeper dive into its content.
Tweet referenced at the start: https://twitter.com/3blue1brown/status/1016936129117937664
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder: https://soundcloud.com/drschroeder/elizabeth-the-mouse
Music by Vincent Rubinetti: https://soundcloud.com/vincerubinetti/one-two-zeta
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
Why We Can't Invent a Perfect Engine: Crash Course Engineering #10We’ve introduced the 0th and 1st laws of thermodynamics, so now it’s time to move on to the second law and how we came to understand it. We’ll explain the differences between the first and second law, and we’ll talk about the Carnot cycle and why we can never design a perfectly efficient engine.
This episode is sponsored by CuriosityStream: http://curiositystream.com/crashcourse
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
***
RESOURCES:
http://www.thedrive.com/tech/18919/toyota-develops-worlds-most-thermally-efficient-2-0-liter-engine
https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/powertrain2018/engine/
https://www.gepower.com/content/dam/gepower-pgdp/global/en_US/documents/product/gas%20turbines/Fact%20Sheet/7ha-fact-sheet-oct15.pdf
http://www.gasturbineworld.com/ge-7ha.html
https://www.livescience.com/50941-second-law-thermodynamics.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/the-laws-of-thermodynamics/a/the-laws-of-thermodynamics
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/courses/thoc/Thermodynamics.html
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node80.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi-Carnot-French-scientist
https://www.britannica.com/science/Carnot-cycle
http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Thermal_efficiency
https://www.britannica.com/science/entropy-physics
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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How Quarks Fixed the Mess That Was Particle PhysicsTo get 2 months of unlimited access to Skillshare for free, click here:
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Particle physics isn't simple, but it was much more confusing before physicists knew about quarks.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
http://hep.phy.syr.edu/~tomasz/PHY771.16Spring/ParticleZooQuarks.pdf
http://laplace.physics.ubc.ca/People/ainwood/Inwood_essay.pdf
http://web.ihep.su/owa/dbserv/hw.part1
https://www.nature.com/articles/160453a0
https://www.nature.com/articles/160855a0
https://www.nature.com/articles/163082a0
https://www.nature.com/articles/161518a0
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.nucl.52.050102.090730
http://electron6.phys.utk.edu/phys250/modules/module%206/particle_classification.htm
https://books.google.com/books?id=x1uxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA225&lpg=PA225#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4008239
https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.125.1067
https://books.google.com/books?id=iN7ICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.physlink.com/education/askexperts/ae267.cfm
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02748000
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.204
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031916364920013
http://inspirehep.net/record/11881/files/CM-P00042883.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0029558265903482
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.8681.pdf
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1408
https://smile.amazon.com/Discoveries-Breakthroughs-20th-Century-Including-Original/dp/037571345X/
https://press.cern/backgrounders/fourth-generation-particles
-------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liquid_hydrogen_bubblechamber.jpg
http://cds.cern.ch/record/39474
http://cds.cern.ch/record/39470
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_neutrino_observation.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CERN_UA5_-_ppbar_interaction_at_540GeV.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SLAC_tunnel_2.jpg
http://cds.cern.ch/record/39453
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/changing-light-numbers-e3quqob
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/day-of-the-month-keyable-calendar-awzioep
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/beautiful-vector-seamless-pattern-with-mathematical-figures-calculations-and-plots-gm908884642-250351696
Your Body During SexWhy does sex feel so good?
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References/Further Reading:
Want to learn even more? Check out our playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvFsG9gYFxY-W_QjbSiqauR33sSBr8W5O
https://www.jsm.jsexmed.org/article/S1743-6095(17)31880-5/fulltext How Hot Are They? Neural Correlates of Genital Arousal: An Infrared Thermographic and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Sexual Arousal in Men and Women
https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/thermal-imaging-shatters-arousal-gender-gap-myth-22044 Thermal imaging shatters arousal gender gap myth
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894744/ Female Sexual Arousal: Genital Anatomy and Orgasm in Intercourse
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr036.pdf Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attraction and Sexual Identity in the United States
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ca.23006 Prostate‐induced orgasms: A concise review illustrated with a highly relevant case study
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02020.x?referrer_access_token=xoGRC7QZ56lUNxD1E5P3KIta6bR2k8jH0KrdpFOxC67kXtwAvOzQIC5Sn04ZDcly6bnWcfGVvdtNT6muHmjCo4uu3VcENvxU8igEPrmaHGvrQgJFBxSwSZZ1QufdumYdY6wbuNhRb8xJYpmpwVo5FQ%3D%3D An Event-Level Analysis of the Sexual Characteristics and Composition Among Adults Ages 18 to 59: Results from a National Probability Sample in the United States
Coming to Understand: Orgasm and the Epistemology of Ignorance https://www.jstor.org/stable/3810938
Sexual arousal in men https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodsex/Pages/Malesexualarousal.aspx
VIP, vagina, clitoral and periurethral glans — an update on human female genital arousal. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1778234
The physiology of sexual arousal in the human female: a recreational and procreational synthesis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12238607
Ultrastructure of the normal adult human female prostate gland (Skene's gland).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10603093
The Amazing Muscular Origami That Makes the Vagina So Stretchy
https://gizmodo.com/the-amazing-muscular-origami-that-makes-the-vagina-so-s-1715511817
Men versus women on sexual brain function: prominent differences during tactile genital stimulation, but not during orgasm. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6860/006b1f9cebb9bde15774867c3f53e05d8b7b.pdf
Sexual arousal in women https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodsex/Pages/Sexualarousalinwomen.aspx
Sexual arousal in men https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodsex/Pages/Malesexualarousal.aspx
Magnetic resonance imaging of male and female genitals during coitus and female sexual arousal https://www.bmj.com/content/319/7225/1596
Women's Experience of Orgasm During Intercourse: Question Semantics Affect Women's Reports and Men's Estimates of Orgasm Occurrence. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29079939
12 Amazing Facts about the Clitoris https://www.huffingtonpost.com/pamela-madsen/12-crazy-amazing-facts-about-the-clitoris_b_7501188.html
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0059743 Cunnilingus Apparently Increases Duration of Copulation in the Indian Flying Fox, Pteropus giganteus
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007595 Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14534252 Brain activation during human male ejaculation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451368 Brain activation during vaginocervical self-stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the vagus nerves.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8135652 Relationships among cardiovascular, muscular, and oxytocin responses during human sexual activity.
A day in the life of an ancient Egyptian doctor - Elizabeth CoxCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
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It’s another sweltering morning in Memphis, Egypt. As the sunlight brightens the Nile, Peseshet checks her supplies. Honey, garlic, cumin, acacia leaves, cedar oil -- she’s well stocked with the essentials she needs to treat her patients. Elizabeth Cox outlines a day in the life of an ancient Egyptian doctor.
Lesson by Elizabeth Cox, animation by Echo Bridge.
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SciShow Quiz Show: A Different Kind of Animal WondersTo get 2 months of unlimited access to Skillshare for free, click here: http://skl.sh/scishow11
Jessi from Animal Wonders gets a Quiz Show rematch against Hank. Will he prevail this time, or commit an animal blunder?
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Sources:
Tongue evolution:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570891/
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27181-tongues-may-have-evolved-from-a-mouthful-of-water/
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6607-fish-fossil-confirms-origin-of-nostrils/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404912/
http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/newsletter/2012/07/science_through_the_eyes_of_fish.html
