Sparkling Clouds and Other Wild Ways Cephalopods Use InkOctopuses and other cephalopods can squirt ink when threatened, but the forms the ink takes can go way beyond your typical smokescreen.
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Why Eyebrows Are More Important Than EyeballsIf you had to choose, would you keep your eyeballs or eyebrows?
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Written by Mitchell Moffit
Editing by Luka Šarlija and Mitchell Moffit
(Book) The Body: A Guide for Occupants by Bill Bryson
https://web.mit.edu/sinhalab/Papers/sinha_eyebrows.pdf
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https://www.inverse.com/article/56744-dog-eyebrow-expression-evolution
We can help you master public speaking - Chris AndersonHow can you make your voice heard in a noisy world? The key is public speaking and presentation literacy, and we can help: http://bit.ly/TMCPSApp
--
Storytelling is an ancient art; as humans developed language and culture, we learned to share our stories, thoughts, and dreams. And that storytelling evolved into public speaking, and our audience— thanks to the internet— is the whole world, not just a campfire. So how can we make our voices heard in such a busy space? Chris Anderson digs into why presentation literacy is the skill of the future.
Lesson by Chris Anderson, directed by Avi Ofer.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Charlene You, Carsten Tobehn, Katie Dean, Ezgi Yersu, Gerald Onyango, alessandra tasso, Alan Froese, Côme Vincent, Doreen Reynolds-Consolati, Manognya Chakrapani, Ayala Ron, Samantha Chow, Eunsun Kim, Phyllis Dubrow, Ophelia Gibson Best, Paul Schneider, Joichiro Yamada, Henrique 'Sorín' Cassús, Lyn-z Schulte, Elaine Fitzpatrick, Karthik Cherala, Joshua Merchant, Clarence E. Harper Jr., Clarissa Bartolini-Toro, Exal Enrique Cisneros Tuch, Srikote Naewchampa, Tejas Dc, Khalifa Alhulail, Martin Stephen, Dan Paterniti, Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Jayant Sahewal, Mandeep Singh, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Morgan Williams, Kris Siverhus, Devin Harris, Joy Love Om, Pavel Zalevskiy, Marc Bilodeau, Karen Goepen-Wee, Filip Dabrowski, Barbara Smalley, Megan Douglas, Chris, Tim Leistikow, Renhe Ji, Ka-Hei Law and Leora Allen.
The Case for LESS Sensitive COVID TestsThanks to Brilliant for sponsoring this video - the first 200 people to click on https://www.brilliant.org/MinutePhysics will get 20% off a Premium subscription to Brilliant.
This video written & produced in collaboration with Aatish Bhatia, https://www.aatishb.com
This video is about how cheap, fast, and LESS sensitive rapid antigen tests might be better for screening (& maybe surveillance) than PCR COVID tests due to the nature of contagiousness/infectiveness at various points on the viral load trajectory of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID sars-COV-2 carriers.
REFERENCES
Thanks to Daniel Larremore for feedback on early versions of this video https://larremorelab.github.io/
Rapid Antigen Testing:
COVID-19 testing: One size does not fit all. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6525/126
Rethinking Covid-19 Test Sensitivity — A Strategy for Containment. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2025631
Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 screening. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/1/eabd5393.abstract
The effectiveness of population-wide, rapid antigen test based screening in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in Slovakia. (pre-print, not yet peer reviewed) https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.20240648v1
Effective Testing and Screening for Covid-19. https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-National-Decision-Point-Effective-Testing-Screening-for-Covid-19-Full-Report.pdf
Brown University & Harvard University modeling of COVID-19 testing shortfall. https://globalepidemics.org/testing-targets/
Fast Coronavirus Tests are coming. https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-020-02661-2/d41586-020-02661-2.pdf
Open letter signed by epidemiologists and infectious disease experts supporting widespread & frequent rapid antigen testing for COVID-19: https://www.rapidtests.org/expert-letter
More information on various COVID-19 tests: https://chs.asu.edu/diagnostics-commons/testing-commons
Field performance and public health response using the BinaxNOW Rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection assay during community-based testing. https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1890/6052342
Performance of an Antigen-Based Test for Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Testing at Two University Campuses. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm695152a3.htm
Asymptomatic Spread:
People without symptoms spread virus in more than half of cases, CDC model finds https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2021/01/07/covid-asymptomatic-spread/
(More than half of all) SARS-CoV-2 Transmission From People Without COVID-19 Symptoms. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707
Three Quarters of People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection are Asymptomatic: Analysis of English Household Survey Data. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7549754/
Viral Load Curve:
SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in acute infections. (pre-print, not yet peer reviewed)
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.20217042v2
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
The Untold Story of the First VaccineVaccines save millions of lives each year, so we owe a lot to the people that pioneered that medical breakthrough. But the concept of a vaccine had already existed for a long time before it was “discovered,” and the real story is way more interesting!
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5402432/
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/immunization-coverage
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https://www.si.edu/spotlight/antibody-initiative/smallpox
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https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox/sp_variolation.html
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https://amhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/history.htm
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https://cnx.org/contents/Us0vmjzQ@2.16:caeOLg-U@1/Variolation-and-Vaccination
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Variolation-of-smallpox-in-ancient-China-11-th-century-The-first-known-form-of-mucosal_fig1_283274416
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https://www.vaccines.gov/basics/types
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Image Sources:
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https://wellcomecollection.org/works/uvz4cwcc/images?id=bsnq3mac
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/s9b7y6yy/images?id=mtgf2pur
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cthtnkcf/images?id=b44ru6ep
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hagia_Sophia_09.JPG
https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bp2q7c5a/images?id=jckvjpt3
Thumbnail Credit: Wellcome Collection
Misconceptions About The Roman EmpireAncient Rome was an impressive place. Everyone wore togas, horses were elected to the Senate, and exquisite banquets had entire rooms dedicated to vomiting. Or... maybe all of those are just misconceptions.
Join Justin (@juddtoday) as he sets the record straight on Ancient Rome. Misconceptions is a myth-busting series from Mental Floss all about exposing history's most prevalent lies.
__
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Photosynthesis Can Happen Without SunlightGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their Wave and Light course. Sign up now and get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
Plants need light to survive. But apparently, that doesn't have to be sunlight.
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What is Physical Geography? Crash Course Geography #4Traditionally, geography is studied as two interconnected parts: physical geography and human geography. For the first half of this series, we will be focusing on physical geography, which is all about recognizing the characteristics of the environment and the processes that create, modify, and destroy those environments. But remember, human-environment interactions are fundamental to studying geography so we won't be ignoring human impact, it just won't be the primary lens we're using to view the world. Today, we'll explore erosional gullies in Madagascar as we discuss the world's dynamic landscape, the Great Barrier Reef as we introduce the four major earth system (the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere), and we'll finish with a deep dive into Iceland as we introduce the major realms of physical geography. (These are geographer specializations that you may have heard about like topography, geomorphology, pedology, hydrology, climatology, oceanography, meteorology, and biogeography.)
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Savitri and Satyavan: The legend of the princess who outwitted Death - Iseult GillespieDig into the tale of Princess Savitri and her one true love, Satyavan, and the tragic prophecy that entwined their fates forever.
--
Princess Savitri was benevolent, brilliant, and bright. Her grace was known throughout the land, and many princes and merchants flocked to her family’s palace to seek her hand in marriage. But upon witnessing her blinding splendor in person, the men lost their nerve. Unimpressed with these suitors, she determined to find a husband herself. Iseult Gillespie tells the tale of Savitri and Satyavan.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by Jagriti Khirwar & Raghav Arumugam.
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How Volcanoes’ Music Could Help Us Predict ThemYou might not think of volcanoes as particularly musical, but they do actually generate infrasound! And scientists may be able to use that sound to help predict when a volcano is about to erupt.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://eos.org/science-updates/monitoring-volcanic-craters-with-infrasound-music
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB015561
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015GL064466
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00024-014-0884-x
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https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GL076506
https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/8/341/pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo104
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-31708312
These squids can fly... no, really - Robert SiddallDive into the incredible flying capabilities of squids, and how they use flight as a survival tactic.
--
In 1947, explorers noticed a strange phenomenon while crossing the Pacific Ocean. Somehow, small squid known to live deep beneath the waves kept appearing on the roof of their boat. The crew was mystified— until they saw the squids soaring above the sea for roughly 50 meters. How and why do these marine creatures take to the sky? Robert Siddall explores the high-flying capabilities of cephalopods.
Lesson by Robert Siddall, directed by Matt Reynolds.
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Everyone lies. Even you and even me. We lie about small things and we lie about big things. We lie to help ourselves and we lie to protect others. Powerful people lie, all the way down to little kids telling fibs. Why do we do this if we’re supposed to be the most socially developed species on Earth? Why can’t we tell the truth? Are we doomed to lie? Well, maybe. Here’s why.
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6 Animals That Thrive Upside-DownFor humans, being upside-down isn’t a comfy way to hang out for very long, but for these six animals, upside-down feels just right!
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Sources:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407917325137
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0172
https://www.livescience.com/45147-how-sloths-hang-upside-down.html
Why Do Fish School?You might think that fish ride the undercurrents with all their buds to avoid the hungry mouths of predators - safety in numbers, right? But, it turns out, there’s more to consider when asking why fish swim in schools.
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Tapputi-Belatekallim: The First Chemical Engineer | Great MindsA perfumer from Ancient Babylon named Tapputi-Belatekallim is possibly history's first recorded chemist, and some of the techniques she used are still in practice today.
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1021/ed031p373
https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p362
https://doi.org/10.1021/ed068p101
https://www.jstor.org/stable/301716
thoughtco.com/who-was-the-first-chemist-607776
https://sciencenotes.org/who-was-the-first-chemist/
Illusions of TimeUse code BRAINS to get free shipping within the US or $8 off international shipping on your first Curiosity Box! https://www.curiositybox.com
Prospective and retrospective timing:
YOUR BRAIN IS A TIME MACHINE by Dean Buonomano: https://www.amazon.com/Your-Brain-Time-Machine-Neuroscience/dp/0393355608/
ISOLATION - Mind Field: https://youtu.be/iqKdEhx-dD4
(every episode of Mind Field is free to watch on YouTube!)
speed of time as we age:
FELT TIME by Marc Wittmann: https://www.amazon.com/Felt-Time-Science-Experience-Press/dp/0262533545/
"Age effects in perception of time": https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16512313/
WaitButWhy article about The Lion King: https://waitbutwhy.com/2020/01/its-2020-and-youre-in-the-future.html
Barbara Walters for scale subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/BarbaraWalters4Scale
Barbara Walter world history image: https://www.reddit.com/r/UnitsOfX/comments/bwma7g/oc_world_history_in_units_of_barbara_walters/
Examples of facts that challenge our chronological illusions:
https://canyouactually.com/23-mind-bending-facts-about-time-that-will-change-your-perception-of-history-forever/
https://www.buzzfeed.com/andyneuenschwander/14-facts-about-time-and-history-thatll-totally-bl
My "Narrow Slice" video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNLdblFQqsw
Early smile image: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2017/09/story-behind-photo-happiest-man-china/
2:30am at a 7-11 near Disney World - 1987: https://youtu.be/RYbe-35_BaA
and: http://mrsitcom.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-story-of-7-11-video-shot-at-230am.html
Great subreddit for candid video: https://www.reddit.com/r/TheWayWeWereOnVideo/
New York City in 1993 in HD - DTheater DVHS Demo Tape: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT4lDU-QLUY
"Historical consciousness: the enigma of different paradigms": https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220272.2019.1652937
Zachary Sayre Schiffman's THE BIRTH OF THE PAST: https://www.amazon.com/Birth-Past-Zachary-S-Schiffman/dp/1421422786/
Hartmut Rosa's SOCIAL ACCELERATION: https://www.amazon.com/Social-Acceleration-Modernity-Directions-Critical/dp/0231148356
History of twitter UI: https://twirpz.wordpress.com/2015/06/03/the-history-of-twitter-in-profile-pages-2006-to-2015/
Effect of roads: http://iqc.ou.edu/2014/12/12/60yrsmidwest/
Talking With Attenborough Vsauce video: https://youtu.be/OC8_Sjlvxic
archive footage from archive.org and shutterstock
MRI clips are of my brain as taken by the Stark lab featured in this Mind field episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RHsAUyFCAM
--MUSIC (in order of first appearance)--
"glitch" audionetwork
"sweet revival" audionetwork
"passage of time" audionetwork
"desert witch" audionetwork
"facing south" audionetwork
"broadway dawn" audionetwork
"final breath" audionetwork
"tribeca" audionetwork
"carlin dream" Jake Chudnow
"martinique" audionetwork
"lazy daze" audionetwork
"imaginary sun w less voices" Jake Chudnow
"why so blue" audionetwork
"for leah" Jake Chudnow
"shona" Jake Chudnow
"moon men" Jake Chudnow
"crypt" audionetwork
"eclectica" audionetwork
"banjo ascension" audionetwork
"heat and dust" audionetwork
"twisted trip" audionetwork
11 Real Facts About the IlluminatiThe Illuminati has been the talk of conspiracy theorists for centuries. But did you know that the Illuminati was actually a real secret society? Not so crazy now, huh? In this bonus episode of The List Show, Justin (@juddtoday) dives into some very evil and mysterious facts about the real Illuminati.
Subscribe here for new List Show episodes the first and third Wednesday of each month: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5...
World Languages: Crash Course Linguistics #14Subscribe to Storied for It’s Lit, Monstrum, and Verbatim (coming soon!): https://www.youtube.com/pbsstoried
If you ask a linguist “How many languages are there in the world?” the answer most will give you is “around 7000”. We say “around” because there are several factors that make it difficult to determine what exactly counts as a language, including the difficulty of distinguishing between languages and dialects, various political factors, and the fact that not all languages have the same degree of resources and records. In this episode of Crash Course Linguistics, we’ll explore these 3 factors to learn about world languages and linguistic diversity, as well as the inequities that these factors can create.
Want even more linguistics? Check out the Lingthusiasm podcast, hosted by the writers of Crash Course Linguistics: https://lingthusiasm.com/
***
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Those White Crusts on Whales Are Alive and Full of StoriesSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
You might think the white patches that grow on whale’s heads and faces are just weird skin growths, and you’re not wrong. But when you look closer, these patches are crawling with tiny stowaways!
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Sources:
https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ar.20535
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128043271000820
https://baleinesendirect.org/en/what-is-the-function-of-the-callosities-in-right-whales/
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Urban_Whale/-m6r-SfaSy4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover
https://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/mms_patrician_59400.pdf
https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z99-249
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128043271002685
https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z96-014
https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2005/68/d068p071.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02664.x
https://hmr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10152-017-0486-y
Q&A + Giveaway for 10 Years on YouTubeThank you so much for an amazing 10 years! If you would like one of the giveaway items, fill out the form: https://ve42.co/10yr (you'll need the password from this video). Any comments posting the password will be blocked. Spanish:https://ve42.co/VeEs Arabic: https://ve42.co/VeAr
Thanks to Vorso for the spinning tops https://www.vorsospin.com
Huge Thanks to Patreon Supporters:
Ludovic Robillard, John Bauer, james, jim buckmaster, Robert, fanime96, Marc Forand, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Grace O'Maille KRON x Arc iOS, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Lyvann Ferrusca, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Laura Sanborn, Pindex , Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal
I also want to say a massive thanks to all my EDUtuber colleagues. Meeting and making great friends over the last decade has been one of the best things about this career.
A day in the life of an ancient Babylonian business mogul - Soraya Field FiorioFollow Beltani, a Babylonian priestess and businesswoman, as she investigates who is undermining her barley fields and tavern.
--
It’s 1762 BCE. As dawn breaks in the Babylonian city of Sippar, Beltani— a priestess and businesswoman— receives an urgent visit from her brother. He makes a troubling accusation: her tavern keeper has been undermining the business Beltani relies on in her old age. Now she has just a few short hours to find out the truth. Soraya Field Fiorio details a day in the life of a Babylonian naditu.
Lesson by Soraya Field Fiorio, directed by Keegan Thornhill.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora Slydell, Noel Situ, emily lam, Sid , Jordan Tang, Kent Logan, Alexandra Panzer, Declan Manning, varun, Cindy Flores, Anantha RamaKrishnan, Javier Aldavaz, Ivan Yeung, Jaime Camacho, Irene Au, Shannon Lee, Роман Валесюк, LunarQueen, Iza, Brian Elieson, Paul, Grayson Garbarino, Oge O, Weronika Falkowska, Stefano Esposito, Jan M. Brandt, Harshal, Nevin Spoljaric, Christine, Yvonne Feijoo, Sid Chanpuriya, Arjay Arcinue Dineros, RAD, Anoom Yasmin, Laura Johnson, Anoop Varghese, David Yastremski, Noah Webb, Zoë Tulip, B, Erica Guerrero, Richard Manklow, Roberto Chena, Luke Pisano, Andrea Gordon, Aleksandar Donev, Brendan and Nicole's summer job, Ryan Weiler and Jesse Lira.
How Alchemy Led to Modern-Day Chemistry & MedicineAt the heart of alchemy was the quest to turn ordinary metals into gold. Despite the hopelessness of that goal, alchemists still made a lot of discoveries that formed the foundation of modern chemistry and medicine.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Sources:
https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2011/januaryfebruary/feature/newton-the-last-magician
https://www.nature.com/articles/469030a
https://www.academia.edu/10798954/Ciphers_and_Secrecy_Among_the_Alchemists_A_Preliminary_Report
https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/53/1/2/1673334
https://www.academia.edu/36865962/Alchemy_Potency_Imagination_Paracelsuss_Theories_of_Poison
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(79)91338-6/pdf
https://chlorine.americanchemistry.com/Science-Center/Chlorine-Compound-of-the-Month-Library/Hydrochloric-Acid-HCl-An-Acid-With-Many-Uses/
https://science.jrank.org/pages/3459/Hydrogen-Chloride-Early-discovery-hydrogen-chloride.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/sulfuric-acid
http://www.chemicke-listy.cz/docs/full/2002_12_05.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18976043/
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/032426584/publication/GB190200698A?q=pn%3DGB190200698
http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v34-2/v34-2%20p105-116.pdf
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/metabolism-anthroposphere-second-edition
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed010p302
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653511002499
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/8596
https://www.bl.uk/a-history-of-magic/articles/secrets-of-the-philosophers-stone
Radical Reactions & Hammond's Postulate: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #19Throughout this series we’ve mostly talked about pairs of electrons, but electrons don’t always have a buddy. An atom or group of atoms with a single unpaired electron is called a radical. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll learn all about radicals including the three key steps in a radical reaction and Hammond’s Postulate, an important tool to help us understand these reactions. We’ll also see ways radicals can react with alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Episode Sources:
Davies, K. J., & Doroshow, J. H. (1986). Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. I. Anthracycline radical formation by NADH dehydrogenase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(7), 3060-3067.
Ball, P. (Interview with Nick Lane) Yes, life in the fast lane kills you. May 5, 2016.
Bond Dissociation Energies https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Chemical_Bonding/Fundamentals_of_Chemical_Bonding/Bond_Energies
Nimse, S. B., & Pal, D. (2015). Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. Rsc Advances, 5(35), 27986-28006.
Santos-Sánchez, N. F., Salas-Coronado, R., Villanueva-Cañongo, C., & Hernández-Carlos, B. (2019). Antioxidant compounds and their antioxidant mechanism. In Antioxidants. IntechOpen.
Review of Vitamin C
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/vitamin-c
Series Sources:
Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.
Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.
Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.
Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014.
Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.
Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.
McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.
Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.
Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.
***
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26 Animals Involved in CrimesThe "animals involved in crimes" in this episode of The List Show range from petty wildlife criminals to key pieces of evidence. You'll learn about the weevils put on trial and the monkey who likes biting (but not pepperoni).
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The Drag Equation (Empire State Building v Eiffel Tower) - NumberphileTom Crawford discusses drag - then we drop the Empire State Building and Eiffel Tower into the ocean... Check out Brilliant (get 20% off their premium service): https://brilliant.org/numberphile (sponsor)
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Is It Safe to Drink Snake Venom?Go to https://curiositystream.com/SciShow to start streaming Ocean Mysteries. Use code SciShow to sign up, just $14.99 for the whole YEAR.
Can you actually drink that steaming mug of snake venom? The science comes down to the difference between poisons and venoms, and to the oral toxicity of the venom itself.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12062
https://doi.org/10.12720/ijlbpr.4.1.10-16
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.037
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.077
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.012
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9030075
The most important haunted house in literature - Yen PhamDig into Toni Morrison’s novel, "Beloved," which tells the story of a family of former slaves whose home is haunted by an abusive spirit.
--
Two tiny handprints stamped into a cake. A mirror that shatters without warning. A trail of cracker crumbs strewn along the floor. Everyone at 124 Bluestone Road knows their home is haunted— but there’s no mystery about the spirit tormenting them. So begins “Beloved,” Toni Morrison’s Pulitzer Prize-winning drama. Yen Pham digs into the novel's exploration of the dehumanizing effects of slavery.
Lesson by Yen Pham, directed by Héloïse Dorsan Rachet.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Jayant Sahewal, Mandeep Singh, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Morgan Williams, Kris Siverhus, Devin Harris, Joy Love Om, Pavel Zalevskiy, Marc Bilodeau, Karen Goepen-Wee, Filip Dabrowski, Barbara Smalley, Megan Douglas, Chris, Tim Leistikow, Renhe Ji, Ka-Hei Law, Leora Allen, Mark Morris, Misaki Sato, EdoKun, Boytsov Ilya, SookKwan Loong, Bev Millar, Lex Azevedo, Noa Shore, Kyle Nguyen, Michael Aquilina, MJ Tan Mingjie, Dawn Jordan, Prasanth Mathialagan, Samuel Doerle, David Rosario, Siamak H, Manav parmar, David Lucsanyi, Anthony Kudolo, Ryohky Araya, Eduardo Briceño, Christophe Dessalles, Heather Slater, Yuh Saito, Fabian Amels, Sandra Tersluisen, Zhexi Shan, Bárbara Nazaré, Josh Engel and Andrea Feliz.
What Fruit Flies Taught Us About Human BiologyGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their Neural Networks course. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
For creatures that look nothing like us, fruit flies have been able to teach us a lot about human biology as we’ve studied them over the past century.
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Sources:
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/07/fruit-fly-fascination-nobel-prizes-genetics
https://hms.harvard.edu/news/why-fly
https://droso4schools.wordpress.com/why-fly/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702111701134
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2019.00051/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4022039/
https://www.yourgenome.org/stories/fruit-flies-in-the-laboratory
https://elifesciences.org/articles/06793
https://www.genome.gov/25520230/online-education-kit-1865-mendels-peas
https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/sex-limited-inheritance-drosophila-1910-thomas-hunt-morgan
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https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1933/morgan/facts/
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1946/muller/facts/
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https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(00)80877-6
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.204.1853
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693150/
https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/color-blindness/causes-color-blindness
https://biology.indiana.edu/news-events/named-lectures/muller-about.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672934/
The life cycle of a cup of coffee - A.J. JacobsTrace the globe-spanning journey of coffee as it goes from plant to brew, and the complex infrastructure that makes it possible.
--
How many people does it take to make a cup of coffee? For many of us, all it takes is a short walk and a quick pour. But this simple staple is the result of a globe-spanning process whose cost and complexity are far greater than you might imagine. AJ Jacobs traces the journey of this caffeinated elixir from seed to cup.
Lesson by A.J. Jacobs, directed by Biljana Labovic.
Animation by Daniella Schnitzer
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6 Types of Odd Body ArmorFrom medieval knights to face shields, humans are pretty big fans of armor. But it turns out that other organisms use armor, too! Except sometimes, their armor doesn’t look like anything we’d expect.
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Sources:
ANTS:
https://genent.cals.ncsu.edu/bug-bytes/exoskeleton/
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.102962v1.full.pdf
http://serious-science.org/ant-wars-6652
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/content/ant-factoids
These Frogs Hide Thanks to Transparent SkinHanging out in the trees of Central and South America are some frogs with pretty unusual coloration. Which is to say, parts of them have no color at all. Their bellies are completely see-through!
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/13694/Trueb_et_al_2009.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232701398_Revision_of_the_characters_of_Centrolenidae_Amphibia_Anura_Athesphatanura_with_comments_on_its_taxonomy_and_the_description_of_new_taxa_of_glassfrogs [PDF]
https://www.pnas.org/content/117/23/12885
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-discover-reason-behind-glass-frogs-translucent-skin-180974979
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/22295078_Infrared_reflectance_in_leaf_sitting_Neotropical_frogs [PDF]
3 Things We Really Want to Know About COVID-19It's been just about a year now since we first heard about COVID-19, and while we've learned a lot since then, there are still some big questions we'd like answered. Here are three of them.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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----------
Sources:
Illness Severity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33288314/
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2026913
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29254755/
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd4570
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24362405/
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd4585
https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3876
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00826-9
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z
Immunity
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.11.002
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd7728
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012358117
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2701.203772
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1083-1
Long Term Effects
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.17709
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3026
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4916
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32890518/
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-020-00640-3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32921198/
https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200581
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update-36-long-term-symptoms.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects.html
https://health.ucdavis.edu/coronavirus/covid-19-information/covid-19-long-haulers.html
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-hidden-long-term-cognitive-effects-of-covid-2020100821133
These Death-Defying Salmon Just Keep SpawningSalmon make a hardcore journey upstream to their spawning grounds to reproduce, and it almost always ends with death. But some live to reproduce again, and more than once!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/semelparity-and-iteroparity-13260334/
https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/5746077/mod_resource/content/1/Iteroparity%20ans%20Semelparity%20in%20insects%20-%20Fritz%20et%20al.%201982.pdf
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107268v1.full
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/10/07/why-a-little-mammal-has-so-much-sex-that-it-disintegrates/
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0177409
https://www.psf.ca/learn/salmon-facts
http://www.snakeriversalmonsolutions.org/Adult_Migration.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571185/
https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/nature/the-salmon-life-cycle.htm
https://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/05nekton/sarepro.htm
https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/f68-211
https://sciencenorway.no/agriculture--fisheries-evolution-fish/old-spawners-important-for-salmon-rivers/1461825
https://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/the-salmon-that-were-born-to-survive/
https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/71/8/2171/748104
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jeb.13418
https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-abstract/77/1/326/5588516
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3352440/
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/how-salmon-gain-infrared-vision-when-swimming-upstream/415368/
https://medium.com/usfws/life-after-death-your-ultimate-guide-to-zombie-salmon-1e661622a50b
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277166123_Staying_alive_the_survival_and_importance_of_Atlantic_salmon_post-spawners
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jeb.13418
The Illusion You Need To SeeAmes window illusion illustrates how we don't directly perceive external reality. Special Holiday deal! Go to https://NordVPN.com/veritasium and use code VERITASIUM to get 68% off a 2 year plan plus 4 additional months free. It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee!
Special thanks to:
Prof. Phil Kellman from UCLA Psychology https://kellmanlab.psych.ucla.edu
Museum of Illusions in Los Angeles for the use of their Ames Room https://laillusions.com
Curiosity Show - Video on Ames Illusion: https://youtu.be/DkVOIJAaWO0
References:
Ames, A., Jr. (1951). Visual perception and the rotating trapezoidal window. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 65(7), i–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093600
Marcel de Heer & Thomas V. Papathomas (2017) The Ames Window Illusion and Its Variations
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0014
Oross, Stephen, Francis, Ellie, Mauk, Deborah & Fox, Robert. (1987). The Ames Window Illusion: Perception of Illusory Motion by Human Infants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 13(4), 609-613.
Behrens, R. (1987). The Life and Unusual Ideas of Adelbert Ames, Jr. Leonardo, 20(3), 273-279. doi:10.2307/1578173
Burnham, C., & Ono, H. (1969). Variables Altering Perception of the Rotating Trapezoidal Illusion. The American Journal of Psychology, 82(1), 86-95. doi:10.2307/1420609
Allport, G. W., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1957). Cultural influence on the perception of movement: The trapezoidal illusion among Zulus. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55(1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0049372
Zenhausern R. Effect of Perspective on Two Trapezoid Illusions. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1969;28(3):1003-1009. doi:10.2466/pms.1969.28.3.1003
Gehringer, W. L., & Engel, E. (1986). Effect of ecological viewing conditions on the Ames' distorted room illusion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12(2), 181–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.12.2.181
Long, G.M., Toppino, T.C. Adaptation effects and reversible figures: A comment on Horlitz and O’Leary. Perception & Psychophysics 56, 605–610 (1994). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206956
Gregory RL. Looking through the Ames window. Perception. 2009;38(12):1739-40. doi: 10.1068/p3812ed. PMID: 20192124.
Jahoda, G. (1966). Geometric illusions and environment: A study in Ghana. British Journal of Psychology, 57(1-2), 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1966.tb01019.x
V. Mary Stewart (1974) A Cross-Cultural Test of the “Carpentered World” Hypothesis Using The Ames Distorted Room Illusion, International Journal of Psychology, 9:2, 79-89, DOI: 10.1080/00207597408247094
Margaret Kathleen Cappone (1966) The Effect of Verbal Suggestion on the Reversal Rate of the Ames Trapezoid Illusion, The Journal of Psychology, 62:2, 211-219, DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1966.10543786
Researched and written by Petr Lebedev and Derek Muller
Filmed by Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Animations, VFX, and Music by Jonny Hyman
Ames Room VFX and additional Ames Window animation by Nicolas Pratt
Additional Music from https://epidemicsound.com "Life in Color" "Singularity"
Large Ames window construction by GW Construction
Video supplied by Getty Images
5 Great Minds to Celebrate in 2021 and Beyond | CompilationTo ring in 2021, we want to celebrate some of the greatest minds in science — folks who have contributed to our understanding of the world and in some cases saved lives along the way!
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Original episodes and sources:
Great Minds: Mary Anning, "The Greatest Fossilist in the World"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBuc8VnZShY
Great Minds: Margaret Hamilton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPLDZMjgaf8
The Woman Who Changed Drug Development
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meqAC16EN1w
Bugs Aren't Brainless! | Great Minds: Charles Henry Turner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwSROeIRs2A
Alice Hamilton: The Doctor Who Made Work Safer | Great Minds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XY12HZ_-L4
The Fly That Lays Eggs in Toad NostrilsWe were probably all told to quit picking our noses at one point, and by most standards, this is good advice. But if you were a toad, it might come in handy to scratch away blowfly eggs.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1111/mve.12328
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.005
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0785-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-014-0157-2
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/bioindicators-using-organisms-to-measure-environmental-impacts-16821310/
Doggerland: A Real-Life AtlantisGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their Geometry Fundamentals course. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
Though we probably won’t find a literal Atlantis beneath the sea, that doesn’t mean that a human settlement hasn’t ever been lost to the water. Meet Doggerland.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Marwan Hassoun, Jb Taishoff, Bd_Tmprd, Harrison Mills, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer
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Sources:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X16303649
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X16303649
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2012/12/doggerland/
https://www.livescience.com/64176-lost-city-atlantis-spain.html
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/44/22081
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/relics-washed-beaches-reveal-lost-world-beneath-north-sea
https://www.wired.com/2015/11/hunting-for-dna-in-doggerland-an-ancient-land-beneath-the-north-sea/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247936451_Mapping_Doggerland_The_Mesolithic_Landscapes_of_the_Southern_North_Sea
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6225/998.abstract?sid=2b97d7c5-b191-4650-bbe0-b0411377aa6e
http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0079497X00002176
https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/175/1/393
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228667700_The_catastrophic_final_flooding_of_Doggerland_by_the_Storegga_Slide_tsunami
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1463500314001164
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264817204001771
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2307/4014064
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160118-the-atlantis-style-myths-of-sunken-lands-that-are-really-true
6 Surgical Devices Inspired by NatureFrom the sharp mouthparts of mosquitoes to the sticky feet of geckos, researchers have found all kinds of amazing adaptations in the natural world that could be useful in the operating room.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Marwan Hassoun, Jb Taishoff, Bd_Tmprd, Harrison Mills, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer
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Sources:
https://blog.frontiersin.org/2020/09/30/bioengineering-biotechnology-bioinspired-medical-device-wasp-ovipostor/
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2020.575007/full?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=nblog&utm_campaign=ba-sci-fbioe-bioinspired-tissue-transport-device
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-68596-w
http://www2.ipcku.kansai-u.ac.jp/~t100051/doc/S%26A_RealMosquito.pdf
https://depts.washington.edu/cims/research/Bio-Intelligent-Materials.pdf
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6907043
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130619/
https://www.sfbaymsi.org/single-post/2017/03/20/Marine-Science-in-the-News-Surgical-glue-inspired-by-a-marine-animal
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.00418/full
https://www.sfbaymsi.org/single-post/2017/03/20/Marine-Science-in-the-News-Surgical-glue-inspired-by-a-marine-animal
https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/fetal-surgery-stands-advance-new-glues-inspired-mussels
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837921/
https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/fetal-surgery-stands-advance-new-glues-inspired-mussels
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130416114356.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7310846/
https://www.latimes.com/science/la-xpm-2013-apr-16-la-sci-sn-spiny-headed-parasitic-worm-skin-graft-bioinspired-20130416-story.html
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130416114356.htm
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2002/08/how-geckos-stick-der-waals
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-gecko-lizards-unst/
https://news.mit.edu/2008/adhesive-0218
Why Spiders Curl Up When They DieWhen spiders die, their tiny legs curl up tight against their body, because spiders don’t use muscles to extend their legs. Instead, they have hydraulic legs!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://asknature.org/strategy/leg-uses-hydraulics-and-muscle-flex/
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/5/3/15/htm
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323034104500262 (excerpted at https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/rigor-mortis)
https://www.britannica.com/science/muscle/Actin-myosin-interaction-and-its-regulation
How Sonar Works (Submarine Shadow Zone) - Smarter Every Day 249Get 1st Audiobook + full access to the Plus Catalog for free when you try Audible for 30 days https://www.audible.com/smarter or TXT smarter to 500500
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3 Discoveries You Missed Because of COVIDThere have been a lot of scientific discoveries around COVID, but other science stories did happen in 2020 — including amazing discoveries about everything from dinosaurs to parasites.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://ww.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2190-3
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00188/full
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6492/746
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8584/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471492212001845
Mistletoe: The Holiday Plant That Shouldn’t ExistGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their Knowledge and Uncertainty course. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
Mistletoe's ability to stay green through harsh, cold weather has made it a symbol of holiday romance for centuries. But it relies on some very strange (and occasionally disgusting) adaptations to stay vibrant and healthy all winter long.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.036
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.07.008
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17588
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.050
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-0992-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-020-01247-w
https://www.usgs.gov/news/not-just-kissing-mistletoe-and-birds-bees-and-other-beasts-0
From Treatment to mRNA Vaccines: Discussing COVID-19 with Dr. Howard Bauchner of JAMAThis video was recorded on 12/8/2020.
Hank and our content manager, Alexis, interviewed Dr. Howard Bauchner, the Editor in Chief of the JAMA network of medical journals. They discussed some of the surprising things that we've learned since the beginning of the pandemic and how we should approach vaccine hesitancy.
JAMA Network YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/user/TheJAMANetwork
And other JAMA COVID Content: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/covid-19-interviews
Hosted by: Hank Green and Alexis Dahl
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Marwan Hassoun, Jb Taishoff, Bd_Tmprd, Harrison Mills, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer
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Sources:
Novel Vaccine Technologies Viewpoint
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2676502
Why the Heck Is Glass Transparent?Thank you to CuriosityStream for supporting PBS! For more information, go to https://curiositystream.com/smart and USE code SMART.
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Follow me to Overview on PBS Terra! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjez0W8SPXc
Glass is made of sand, which is a kind of rock. But glass is transparent, and rocks aren’t transparent. What’s up with that? Why is glass clear? And why can I sit on a chair? And why can we touch anything? Today we zoom down to the weird world of electron clouds and quantum touching to find the answers.
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Does It Pay To Cheat?Thanks Thryve for sponsoring the video. Get 50% off your gut health test at https://trythryve.com/MinuteEarth
For some birds, trying to cheat your neighbors into raising your babies is just as much work - and is no more successful - than doing it yourself.
LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Life history strategy: How organisms allocate energy usage to maximize offspring.
Parental Investment: Any non-genetic contributions by parents to help their offspring survive.
Brood Parasites: Organisms that rely on others to raise their young.
Mafia Behavior: The practice of repeatedly visiting victims to make sure they are complying.
Fecundity: The number of offspring produced by an individual over time.
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Cameron Duke | Script Writer
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REFERENCES
**************
Antonson, Nick. (2020). Personal Communication. School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Bibby, C. J. (1978). Some breeding statistics of Reed and Sedge Warblers. Bird Study, 25(4), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657809476599
Davies, N. B., & Brooke, M. D. L. (1989). An Experimental Study of Co-Evolution between the Cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, and its Hosts. II. Host Egg Markings, Chick Discrimination and General Discussion. Journal of Animal Ecology, 58(1), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.2307/4996
Fecundity of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Southern Ontario on JSTOR. (2020). Jstor.org. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085739?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
Graveland, J. (1999). Effects of Reed Cutting on Density and Breeding Success of Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpacaeus and Sedge Warbler A. schoenobaenus. Journal of Avian Biology, 30(4), 469. https://doi.org/10.2307/3677019
Hoover, J. P., & Robinson, S. K. (2007). Retaliatory mafia behavior by a parasitic cowbird favors host acceptance of parasitic eggs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(11), 4479–4483. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609710104
Kilner, R. M. (2003). How selfish is a cowbird nestling? Animal Behaviour, 66(3), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2003.2204
Krüger, O. (2006). Cuckoos, cowbirds and hosts: adaptations, trade-offs and constraints. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1486), 1873–1886. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1849
Long, R. (1975). Mortality of Reed Warblers in Jersey. Ringing & Migration, 1(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03078698.1975.9673695
Oddmund Kleven, Arne Moksnes, Eivin Røskaft, & Honza, M. (2004, August 26). Breeding success of common cuckoos Cuculus canorus parasitising four sympatric species of Acrocephalus... ResearchGate; Wiley. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230023528_Breeding_success_of_common_cuckoos_Cuculus_canorus_parasitising_four_sympatric_species_of_Acrocephalus_warblers
The Ecology of Avian Brood Parasitism | Learn Science at Scitable. (2010). Nature.com. https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-ecology-of-avian-brood-parasitism-14724491/#:~:text=Avian%20brood%20parasitism%2C%20or%20the,the%20host%20(Davies%202000)
We Drank For 12 Hours And It Changed Our FacesWe tested the impact of binge drinking on attractiveness.
Sidenote Podcast on Drinking: https://youtu.be/Fr5viO0rAMM
With new lockdowns, quarantine and staying at home orders in place, we started to notice how drinking at home can change your face. Instead of watching the great conjunction, we stayed home and drank (it was cloudy anyways). We explain why you get drunk, how it changes your biochemistry, what impact that has on your face, and finally how hangover essentially make you ... ugly.
What Ventilators Taught Us About BreathingHumans’ experiences with ventilators have taught us that sighing isn’t just a way to express yourself: it’s a vital part of our everyday breathing.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Marwan Hassoun, Jb Taishoff, Bd_Tmprd, Harrison Mills, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer
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Sources:
https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-and-stanford-researchers-pinpoint-origin-of-sighing-reflex-in-the-brain (https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16964 )
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-018-0003-6.pdf
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31055-7.pdf
What is space and how do we study it? Crash Course Geography #3Today we're going to talk about SPAAAAAACE, but not like stars and satellites and stuff. Instead, we're going to talk about geographic space. In geography, we can look at the world and the places and spaces we inhabit with four distinct lenses: space as a container, topologically, socially, and how we perceive it. On this journey, we'll make stops in Antarctica, Haiti, and China as we introduce the tools you'll need from surveying and remote sensing to community-created maps to help us better understand and navigate our world.
If you want to help create maps for your community visit:
https://www.openstreetmap.org
https://tasks.hotosm.org
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Eric Prestemon, Mark, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Isaac Liu, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Jirat, Brian Thomas Gossett, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Jessica Wode, Caleb Weeks
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How do personality tests work? - Merve EmreExamine how popular personality tests, like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Enneagram, are designed and their inconsistencies.
--
In 1942, a mother-daughter duo named Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers developed a questionnaire that classified people’s personalities into 16 types. Called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI, it would go on to become one of the world’s most widely-used personality tests. But do these tests actually reveal truths about personality? Merve Emre examines their design flaws.
Lesson by Merve Emre, directed by Seoro Oh.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jennifer Kurkoski, Ryan B Harvey, Abhishek Bansal, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Karl Laius, JY Kang, Charles A Hershberger, Robert Seik, Heidi Stolt, Alexis Hevia, Brady Jones, Christina Salvatore, Karlee Finch, Michael Goldberg, Mario Mejia, Nicolas Silva, Kurt Almendras, Denise A Pitts, Doug Henry, Kristiyan Bonev, Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov, Jaime Arriola, Rebecca Reineke, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Yvette Mocete, Cyrus Garay, Victoria Soler-Roig, Samuel Barbas, Brighteagle, LadyGeek, Curtis Light, Dwight Schrute, Dianne Palomar, Marin Kovachev, Ravi S. Rāmphal, Tekin Gültekin, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Aidan Forero, Sunny Patel, Lowell Fleming, Hoai Nam Tran, Stina Boberg and Kack-Kyun Kim.
Ask Grey a Question for Ten Years on YouTube Q&A VideoAsk: https://old.reddit.com/r/CGPGrey/comments/ki459g/ask_grey_a_question_for_a_ten_year_qa/
Squid Proteins, but Make Them FashionHumans often take inspiration from nature when coming up with inventions, and this includes breakthroughs in fabric design that help to forward the fabulous and functional world of fashion.
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://asknature.org/strategy/wing-scales-cause-light-to-diffract-and-interfere/
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.1999.0794
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2003.2618
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2010.0487
The Plant That’s Full Of MetalSpecial Christmas Deal! Use the link https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/MinuteEarth to support our channel and get 3 years + 2 months free for $79. Just $2.08 for a MONTH!
The amount of metal some special plants are able to take up from the soil would be toxic enough to an average plant to kill it several times over.
LEARN MORE
**************
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Hyperaccumulator: a plant capable of growing in metalliferous soils and to accumulate extraordinarily high amounts of heavy metals, far in excess of the levels found in the majority of species, without suffering toxic effects
Phytoremediation: the treatment of pollutants or waste (as in contaminated soil or groundwater) by the use of green plants that remove, degrade, or stabilize the undesirable substances (such as toxic metals)
Phytomining: the planting (and subsequent harvesting) of vegetation that will selectively concentrate specific metals from the soil into their tissues
Euhalophytes: highly salt-tolerant plants capable of diluting salt within their succulent leaves or stems
Active transport: the process of transferring substances against a concentration gradient into, out of, and between cells, using energy
If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:
Read about a farm that is harvesting nickel-hoarding plants profitably: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/26/science/metal-plants-farm.html
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CREDITS
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Julián Gustavo Gómez (@TheJulianGomez) | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Arcadi Garcia Rius | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Nathaniel Schroeder | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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OUR STAFF
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Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia Rius
David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez
Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich
Peter Reich • Ever Salazar • Kate Yoshida
OTHER CREDITS
*****************
Thank you to Dr. Hendrik Küpper for his expert consultation on the script!
Website | https://minuteearth.com
Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176
REFERENCES
**************
Andresen, Elisa, Edgar Peiter, and Hendrik Küpper. "Trace metal metabolism in plants." Journal of Experimental Botany 69.5 (2018): 909-954. https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/69/5/909/4855954
Bouman, Roderick, et al. "Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi: a new nickel hyperaccumulator from Sabah (Borneo Island) with potential for tropical agromining." Botanical studies 59.1 (2018): 9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40529-018-0225-y
Brooks, Robert R., et al. "Phytomining." Trends in plant science 3.9 (1998): 359-362. https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/comments/S1360-1385(98)01283-7
Chrispeels, Maarten J., Nigel M. Crawford, and Julian I. Schroeder. "Proteins for transport of water and mineral nutrients across the membranes of plant cells." The Plant Cell 11.4 (1999): 661-675. http://www.plantcell.org/content/11/4/661
Favas, Paulo JC, et al. "Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and metalloids at mining areas: potential of native flora." Environmental risk assessment of soil contamination 3 (2014): 485-516. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/46355.pdf
Morgan, J. B. & Connolly, E. L. (2013) Plant-Soil Interactions: Nutrient Uptake. Nature Education Knowledge 4(8):2 https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/plant-soil-interactions-nutrient-uptake-105289112/
Morrissey, Joe, and Mary Lou Guerinot. "Trace elements: too little or too much and how plants cope." F1000 biology reports 1 (2009). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920677/
Rascio, Nicoletta, and Flavia Navari-Izzo. "Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: how and why do they do it? And what makes them so interesting?." Plant science 180.2 (2011): 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.08.016
Song, Jie, and Baoshan Wang. "Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture: Suaeda salsa as a promising model." Annals of Botany 115.3 (2015): 541-553. http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC4332605&blobtype=pdf
Yuan, Fang, et al. "Beneficial Effects of Salt on Halophyte Growth: Morphology, Cells, and Genes." Open Life Sciences 14.1 (2019): 191-200. https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/biol/14/1/article-p191.xml
The strange history of the world's most stolen painting - Noah CharneyDiscover Jan van Eyck’s masterpiece, the Ghent Altarpiece, and explore how it became the world’s most stolen artwork.
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Throughout six centuries, the Ghent Altarpiece, also called “The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb,” has been burned, forged, and raided in three different wars. It is, in fact, the world’s most stolen artwork— and is considered one of the most influential paintings ever made. What exactly makes the piece so special? Noah Charney digs into Jan van Eyck’s masterpiece.
Lesson by Noah Charney, directed by Zedem Media.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jezabel, Adriano Fontes, Xiao Yu, Melissa Suarez, SpartacusDMR, Brian A. Dunn, Francisco Amaya, Daisuke Goto, Matt Switzler, Leonardo Monrroy, Sumedh Ghaisas, Guhten, Maryam, Bethany Connor, Jeremy Shimanek, Mark Byers, Avinash Amarnath, Xuebicoco, Rare Media, Rayo, Po Foon Kwong, NinjaBoffin, Jesse Jurman, Josue Perez Miranda, Scott Markley, Elija Peterson, Ovidiu Mrd, Lawrence Wu, Xavier Dupont, Aravind Battaje, Nathan Giusti, Helen Lee, Anthony Benedict, Karthik Balsubramanian, John Hong, Annastasshia Ames, Sebastiaan Hols, Aries SW, Amy Lopez, Liz Candee, Kathryn Vacha, Anthony Arcis, Jeffrey Segrest, Karmi Nguyen, Yelena Baykova, Harshita Jagdish Sahijwani, Nick Johnson, Carlos H. Costa, Mohamed Elsayed and Les Howard.
4 Ways CRISPR Is More Than Just Gene EditingWhile it’s probably most famous for its role in gene editing, CRISPR does more than just that: its ability to precisely cut and alter DNA could lead to new antibiotics, faster diagnosis tools, and more.
Hosted by: Hank Green.
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Sources:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2020/press-release/
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/337/6096/816
https://www.livescience.com/58790-crispr-explained.html
https://www.idtdna.com/pages/support/faqs/which-repair-pathway-is-most-commonly-used-to-repair-crispr-mediated-double-stranded-breaks-nhej-or-hdr
https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/stewardship-report/pdf/stewardship-report.pdf
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a685015.html
https://www.livescience.com/44201-how-do-antibiotics-work.html
https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/about/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725362/
https://disruptionhub.com/destroying-disease-crispr/
https://www.technologyreview.com/2017/04/17/106060/edible-crispr-could-replace-antibiotics/
https://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0013-2016
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28959937/
https://www.cdc.gov/cdiff/what-is.html
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.20091231v1
https://blog.addgene.org/finding-nucleic-acids-with-sherlock-and-detectr
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-018-0028-z
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-019-0210-2
https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Polymerase-Chain-Reaction-Fact-Sheet
https://www.organdonor.gov/statistics-stories/statistics.html
https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/transplant-waitlist
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88959/
https://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/learning/pig-valve-replacement/
https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/xenotransplantation
https://www.nature.com/news/new-life-for-pig-to-human-transplants-1.18768
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6357/1303
https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12977-018-0411-8
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6264/1101
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997577/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5932395/
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Retrovirus
https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/diseases/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/transmission/index.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/07/17/why-this-adorable-mouse-is-to-blame-for-the-spread-of-lyme-disease/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6452264/
https://www.statnews.com/2019/08/22/lyme-disease-community-guided-genome-editing-project/
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases
NEW GREY MERCH: The Theme System Journal!Get a journal at: https://cottonbureau.com/products/the-theme-system-journal#/6880807/grey-paper-5x8
Fast Fact: Why Some Frozen Lakes Catch FireSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
Did you know that, despite their serene, picturesque appearance, some frozen lakes can catch fire? Why are climate scientists studying the explosive gas bubbles trapped in lake ice?
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understanding-global-warming-potentials
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Armando_Sepulveda-Jauregui/publication/269276191_Modeling_the_impediment_of_methane_ebullition_bubbles_by_seasonal_lake_ice/links/5485ac840cf24356db610bd7.pdf
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2007.2036?casa_token=57JCkcPd1OgAAAAA%3Aik_v0KI0-5MzCqfsrYJbxhETOERoUcZtUZQX9IhFin6EZY4I0A56V3YuC6L6tiwAQnAB458QeI2n&
https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/39443/1/Lindgren_et_al_2016_BG.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2578
http://hpkx.cnjournals.com/uploadfile/news_images/hpkx/2019-03-14/s41558-018-0393-56789.pdf
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/289/5485/1743.full
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antarctic-science/article/inorganic-carbon-fixation-in-icecovered-lakes-of-the-mcmurdo-dry-valleys/4B5CA9E91C85B307EFDA69F8D7B5BFD9
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10021-015-9846-0
https://eos.org/science-updates/big-questions-few-answers-about-what-happens-under-lake-ice
Cheap, Fast, Easy, AND Accurate? New COVID Test Might Do it All | SciShow NewsTraditional COVID tests take time and specialized personnel, but a new kind of test that uses nanotechnology could expedite the process.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c02624
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121704
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4280-0_4
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.037
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04615-x
Language Change and Historical Linguistics: Crash Course Linguistics #13Language is constantly changing. Today’s small changes could lead to entirely new dialects or languages in the future. We can’t predict how these changes will occur, but we can better understand the path a language has taken through historical linguistics. In this episode of Crash Course Linguistics, we’ll learn about how and why languages change, what happens when languages come into contact with each other, how linguists piece together the history of a language, and more!
Acknowledgment: Kirby Conrod
Want even more linguistics? Check out the Lingthusiasm podcast, hosted by the writers of Crash Course Linguistics: https://lingthusiasm.com/
***
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Eric Prestemon, Mark, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Isaac Liu, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Jirat, Brian Thomas Gossett, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Jessica Wode, Caleb Weeks
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An Ode to Salps: Our Gelatinous Marine CousinsThanks to MBARI and Monterey Bay Aquarium for partnering with us on this episode of SciShow. All of the amazing deep-sea video you are about to see was taken with MBARI's remotely operated vehicles! Head to http://mbari.org to learn more about their mission and latest research.
Salps are more than just strange balls of goo drifting through the sea—in fact, they’re more closely related to us than they are to jellyfish, and play a huge role in marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle as the “vacuum cleaners of the ocean”!
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Marwan Hassoun, Jb Taishoff, Bd_Tmprd, Harrison Mills, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Sam Buck, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Lehel Kovacs, Adam Brainard, Greg, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer
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Sources:
https://nereusprogram.org/works/our-jelly-like-relatives-common-misconceptions-about-salps/
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/38640416/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/tiny-creatures-are-oceans-vacuum-cleaners/#.Xj23a1JKgvp
https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/polar-research/polar-life/the-watery-world-of-salps/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/07/150722-salp-beaches-oceans-animals-science/#close
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/04/science/salps-chains.html
https://oregonmarinereserves.com/2018/02/15/salps/
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100809161226.htm
https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(16)30076-3#
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2014.00045/full
https://www.livescience.com/4181-ocean-gummy-bears-fight-global-warming.html
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/sea-squirts/what-is-a-salp/
The Funniest Joke In The World (statistically)The First 1000 people to click this link get a FREE SKILLSHARE PREMIUM MEMBERSHIP: https://skl.sh/asapscience11201
This video explains how humans evolved humor, what makes something funny (according to your brain) and what scientists have found is "funniest joke in the world".
It also tackles why comedians keep getting cancelled, the benign violation theory and teaches you how to be a better comedian. Over Simplified, and Dude Perfect are funny because even they are making unsafe situations, safe. Even Billie Eilish comes off as funny, as her normal self is so separate to the spooky songs. I also show you the first time I ever did stand up, which makes me so nervous. All in all, it is a deep scientific dive into the science of humor.
REFERENCES:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/LODJ-01-2015-0001/full/html
jstor.org/stable/40604364?seq=1
https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop/article/view/766
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pere.12183
https://medium.com/@neiljoss_94030/the-gossip-theory-cad7d7fb5ecc
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-16999-6_3314-1
BOOK: HA by Scott Weems
3 bizarre (and delightful) ancient theories about bird migration - Lucy CookeExplore ridiculous ancient theories of bird migration and discover how scientists finally solved one of the field's oldest mysteries.
--
In 1822, Count von Bothmer shot down a stork in Germany. However, the bird had already been impaled by a yard-long wooden spear. The stork had been speared in Africa and then flew over 2,500 km. This astonishing flight proved to be an essential clue in a mystery that had plagued scientists for centuries: the seasonal disappearance of birds. Lucy Cooke digs into the discovery of bird migration.
Lesson by Lucy Cooke, directed by Visorama.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Janice ESL, Vasundhar, Dessislava Vassileva, Denka Wee, Daru Bhargav, Brett Kaufman, Amy, Michael Clement, Christopher Lye, Ghaith Tarawneh, Nathan Milford, Tomas Beckett, Alice Ice, Kurt Paolo Sevillano, Max Salas, Xavi Ramos, Khoa Nguyen Anh, Ron Kakar, Jennifer Heald, flóra lili donáti, Megulo Abebe, TAO7 HORUS, isolwi , Linh Tran, Vedasheersh, Michael Chang, Alexander Gruber, Irene Y., Kate Sem, VPpurplebelt, Ujjwal Dasu, Winnie Yeung, Giovanna Suleiman Dores, Moritz Heinz, Theunis Groenewald, Võ Thiên Kim, JasonD, Terran Gimpel, Dillon Jason Ramai, Gareth Thomas, Talia Sari, Allen, Kevin Fowler, Sarat Chandra Vegunta, Gautam, Mahina Bachiller, Bruce Vieira Lopes, Charmaine Hanson, Paul Aldred-Bann and Thawsitt.
Butterflies and Gyroids - NumberphileDr Sabetta Matsumoto discusses some of the mathematics of colour in nature, including butterfly wings and soap films.
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
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And her Twitter: https://twitter.com/sabetta_
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6 Amazing Magnet Gadgets!Thanks for watching!
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Who Named the New COVID-19 Drug Bamlanivimab? | An Interview with Dr. Daniel SkovronskyEarlier this month, we talked with Daniel Skovronksy, the Chief Scientific Officer of Eli Lilly, about their colorfully-named COVID-19 treatments. We also discussed the challenges of mass-producing antibodies and how medicine might change going forward.
Hosted by: Hank Green & Alexis Dahl
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Sources:
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/infographic-depicting-the-external-and-internal-coronavirus-structure-gm1202867079-345507611
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/concepts-of-monoclonal-antibody-for-coronavirus-treatment-gm1279978172-378415156
100 Interesting Facts We Learned in 2020Interesting facts about science, math, and much more comprise this episode of The List Show. You’ll learn fun 2020 facts about archeological discoveries and the world of entertainment. You'll glean insights from cutting-edge research in a number of fields as Erin (@erincmccarthy) lays out 100 interesting facts we learned this year.
Glowing newts and gene-manipulating scientists will want to watch. You’ll learn more than you wanted to know about cow poop and less than you wanted to know about life on Mars. This 2020 rewind focuses on the steps human beings continue to take in advancing our understanding of the world around us.
In case you forgot, The List Show is a trivia-tastic, fact-filled show for curious people. Subscribe here for new List Show episodes the first and third Wednesday of each month: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5qUqpW4hW4zdfuBxMSJA?sub_confirmation=1
