Symbioses Are Way More Complex Than You Think!SciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
When we hear the term symbiosis, we tend to think about a simple partnership between two biological organisms. But in many cases, there are more than two parties involved and it's way more complicated.
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396185/
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6298/488
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6445/eaaw6732/tab-pdf
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5811/513.long
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/298/5598/1581.long
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00425-018-3034-3
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)31654-3#secsectitle0030
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/307/5717/1915.long
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/pubag/downloadPDF.xhtml?id=35620&content=PDF
https://necsi.edu/mutualistic-relationships
https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/ent525/close/symbiosis.html
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6297/337
https://magazine.wvu.edu/stories/2017/03/20/herbarium
https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/not-one--not-two--but-three-fungi-present-in-lichen-65333
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/pu-ssu062719.php
https://theconversation.com/seaweed-and-sea-slugs-rely-on-toxic-bacteria-to-defend-against-predators-118579
The Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies, ExplainedSpinning objects have strange instabilities known as The Dzhanibekov Effect or Tennis Racket Theorem - this video offers an intuitive explanation.
Part of this video was sponsored by LastPass, click here to find out more: https://ve42.co/LP
References:
Prof. Terry Tao's Math Overflow Explanation: https://ve42.co/Tao
Janibekov’s effect and the laws of mechanics
Petrov, A.G. & Volodin, S.E. Dokl. Phys. (2013) 58: 349. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028335813080041
Tumbling Asteroids
Prave et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.021
The Exact Computation of the Free Rigid Body Motion and Its Use in Splitting Methods
SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 30(4), 2084–2112
E. Celledoni, F. Fassò, N. Säfström, and A. Zanna
https://doi.org/10.1137/070704393
Animations by Iván Tello and Isaac Frame
Special thanks to people who discussed this video with me:
Astronaut Don Pettit
Henry Reich of MinutePhysics
Grant Sanderson of 3blue1brown
Vert Dider (Russian YouTube channel)
Below is a further discussion by Henry Reich that I think helps summarize why axes 1 and 3 are generally stable while axis 2 is not:
In general, you might imagine that because the object can rotate in a bunch of different directions, the components of energy and momentum could be free to change while keeping the total momentum constant.
However, in the case of axis 1, the kinetic energy is the highest possible for a given angular momentum, and in the case of axis 3, the kinetic energy is the lowest possible for a given angular momentum (which can be easily shown from conservation of energy and momentum equations, and is also fairly intuitive from the fact that kinetic energy is proportional to velocity squared, while momentum is proportional to velocity - so in the case of axis 1, the smaller masses will have to be spinning faster for a given momentum, and will thus have more energy, and vice versa for axis 3 where all the masses are spinning: the energy will be lowest). In fact, this is a strict inequality - if the energy is highest possible, there are no other possible combinations of momenta other than L2=L3=0, and vice versa for if the energy is the lowest possible.
Because of this, in the case of axis 1 the energy is so high that there simply aren't any other possible combinations of angular momentum components L1, L2 and L3 - the object would have to lose energy in order to spin differently. And in the case of axis 3, the energy is so low that there likewise is no way for the object to be rotating other than purely around axis 3 - it would have to gain energy. However, there's no such constraint for axis 2, since the energy is somewhere in between the min and max possible. This, together with the centrifugal effects, means that the components of momentum DO change.
What makes neon signs glow? A 360° animation - Michael LipmanIn this 360° animation, explore the vibrant world of neon signs and learn the science of what makes them glow.
--
When the Hoover Dam was completed, it created a huge source of hydroelectric power and zapped a sleepy desert town to life: Las Vegas, Nevada. With the power supply from the dam, Las Vegas soon exploded with vibrant displays. The source of these dazzling lights was electrified neon gas. In this special 360° animation, explore the colorful world of neon signs as Lippy shares what makes them glow.
--
How to view this TED-Ed animated 360° video:
If you have access to a Google Cardboard viewer and a smart phone:
1. Open this video in the YouTube app on your phone.
2. Hit pause on the video.
3. Tap the 3 vertical dots on the top right corner of the view window. This will slide up a sub-menu where you will choose the quality setting of your video stream. Choose "2160s." Note that if you are not streaming over Wifi, YouTube will only allow "720s" quality.
4. Tap on the “Cardboard viewer” icon on the bottom row of the video window (it looks like a mask). This will present the video full screen in prep for the Cardboard viewer.
5. The screen is now divided into 2 halves, separated by a thin white line that runs halfway up the screen. Make sure to rotate your phone so that this thin line is coming from the bottom of the screen. This ensures proper stereoscopic depth.
6. Insert your phone into the Cardboard viewer and press play. The video will begin. Enjoy!
If you do not have access to a Cardboard or smart phone:
1. You can watch on your browser. Use your mouse to drag and explore the space above, below, and behind you. Enjoy!
--
Lesson by Lippy, directed by Lippy.
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From Wombat Butts to Quantum Mechanics | SciShow Quiz ShowSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
SciShow script writer and D&D enthusiast Alexa Billow goes head to head against Hank in his 50th Quiz Show appearance! Who will win in the battle of Wombat Butts and Quantum Mechanics?
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Sources:
Wombats:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/10/06/wombats-have-buns-of-steel-and-they-might-literally-be-deadly/?utm_term=.f06e0b12afb3
The MVP of Success - Minimum Viable Product: Crash Course Business Entrepreneurship #6Imagine if the only videos on YouTube were people looking for love. That could have been the world we lived in! Before it had 1.9 billion users per day, YouTube started as a video-based dating service, complete with the truly excellent catchphrase: “Tune in, Hook Up.”
The reason they didn’t flop is because they were willing to listen and fundamentally change their business when their original idea didn’t meet the needs of their market. They were clever observers and nimble enough to pivot.
***
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30 Harry Potter Spells and Word OriginsDo you know the meaning behind Harry Potter spells like Expelliarmus and Wingardium Leviosa? In this episode of The List Show, Erin (@erincmccarthy) breaks down the origins of 30 Harry Potter terms.
You’ll learn where Dumbledore’s name comes from and how the etymology of "horcrux" has been debated. Users of the three Unforgivable Curses and and Emma Watson super-fans will want to watch.
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For more Harry Potter trivia, check out our article, 35 Things You Might Not Know About Harry Potter: http://mentalfloss.com/article/66781/35-things-you-might-not-know-about-harry-potter
How Tall Can Mountains Get?Go to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try out Brilliant’s Daily Challenges. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
The Himalayas are well known for containing the highest elevations on Earth, but can they get higher or is there something putting a stop to their lofty pursuits?
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/highestpoint.html
https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Continental-Collision
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/356/chapter/3796610/some-simple-physical-aspects-of-the-support
http://gis.ess.washington.edu/grg/publications/pdfs/QR2006_Mitchell.pdf
https://geology.com/records/highest-mountain-in-the-world.shtml
https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/atlas/olympus-mons.html
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26736992_Glacial_effects_limiting_mountain_height
----------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Continental-continental_destructive_plate_boundary.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Himalayas_landsat_7.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons_PIA02806.jpg
The Future of the Channel, and You. [Walk with Grey vlog]Changes with Patreon for existing supporters: https://www.patreon.com/posts/changes-to-30003830/
A day in the life of an ancient Celtic Druid - Philip FreemanJoin the Celtic druid Camma in her village as she conducts religious rites, serves as a healer, and mediates conflict between tribes.
--
As the sun rises in 55 BCE, Camma lays two pigeons on the altar at the center of her village. She wrings the birds’ necks and cuts them open to examine their entrails for divine messages. Camma is a druid. She conducts religious rites, serves as a judge, healer, and scholar, teaches children and mediates conflict between Celtic tribes. Philip Freeman outlines a day in the life of a druid.
Lesson by Philip Freeman, directed by Keegan Thornhill.
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Enlightened Monarchs: Crash Course European History #19Last time we learned about the Enlightenment, and the philosophers and thinkers whose ideas would shape governance for hundred of years. This week, we're learning how monarchs across Europe were influenced by those ideas. Adoption of Enlightenment ideas across Europe was...uneven, to say the least. In this episode you'll learn about Catherine the Great of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia, Maria Theresa of the Habsburg Dynasty, and Joseph II, her successor. We'll also get into the impact the Enlightenment had on a series of Louis in France.
Sources
-Elliot, John H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.
-Judson, Pieter M. The Habsburg Empire. A New History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.
-Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia: People and Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
-Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization. 7th ed. Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth, 2009.
-Vermes, Gábor. Hungarian Culture and Politics in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1711-1848. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2014.
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#CrashCourse #History #Enlightenment
Why Can't We Farm These Foods Yet?Go to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try out Brilliant’s Daily Challenges. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
There are some foods that are so popular that they are at risk of going extinct. What are they and why is it so difficult to harvest them?
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Sources:
Can you solve the secret sauce riddle? - Alex GendlerAs a top spy trained in infiltration and safecracking, it’s up to you to steal the competition’s secret sauce recipe. Can you figure out where it's hidden?
--
One of the top chefs from Pasta Palace has been kidnapped by operatives from Burger Bazaar hoping to learn the location of their secret sauce recipe. Little do they know that a third party— Sausage Saloon— has sent you, their top spy, to take advantage of the situation. Can you figure out the location of the secret recipe and steal it for yourself? Alex Gendler shows how.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by Artrake Studio.
This riddle is adapted from a puzzle that originally appeared in Puzzles for Pleasure, by E.R. Emmet.
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5 Types of Awesome Glass Made by NatureGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try out Brilliant’s Daily Challenges. The first 200 subscribers get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
When it comes to sparkly objects, the planet Earth has a lot to offer. Here are 5 especially awesome glasses made by nature!
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Sources:
https://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/index.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/obsidian
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022309375901209
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/205
https://www.mindat.org/min-8520.html
https://www.sandatlas.org/volcanic-glass/
Your Muscles Do Remember... But Not The Way You ThinkDid you know that if you start working out, your body will kind of "remember" what it's like to be strong, even after you take some time off? How are your muscles able to do that?
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Sources:
Yet More Evidence That Vaping Is Probably Terrible | SciShow NewsDid you know that your body's fight-or-flight response to danger may, in part, come from inside your bones? Plus, another study suggests that vaping may impair to your ability to fight off lung infections.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Sources
Fight or Flight
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-09/cuim-bna090519.php
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-09/cp-bsa090519.php
https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30441-3
Vaping
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/128531
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056/full
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1912032
Does Planet 9 Exist?A planet has been predicted to orbit the sun with a period of 10,000 years, a mass 5x that of Earth on a highly elliptical and inclined orbit. What evidence supports the existence of such a strange object at the edge of our solar system?
Huge thanks to:
Prof. Konstantin Batygin, Caltech
Prof. David Jewitt, UCLA
I had heard about Planet 9 for a long time but I wondered what sort of evidence could support the bold claim: a planet at the very limits of our ability to detect one, so far out that its period is over 60 times that of Neptune. The planet 9 hypothesis helps explain clustering of orbits of distant Kuiper belt objects. It also explains how some of these objects have highly inclined orbits - up to 90 degrees relative to the plane of the solar system. Some are orbiting in reverse. Plus their orbits are removed from the orbit of Neptune, the logical option for a body that could have ejected them out so far. The fact that the perihelion is so far out suggests another source of gravity was essential for their peculiar orbits.
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Music from http://epidemicsound.com "Observations - From Now On" "Magnified XY"
The Only Radiation Units You Need to KnowIn order to have a meaningful conversation about the dangers of radiation exposure, it’s important to be clear about just how much radiation we are dealing with. Unfortunately, the units we use are kind of a mess… but SciShow is here with the only two you need to know.
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Sources:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/medical-radiation-patient-doses/patient-dose-information-guidance
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/air_travel.html
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/radiation-and-health/nuclear-radiation-and-health-effects.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11769138
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https://www.rsc.org/images/essay3_tcm18-17765.pdf
A brief history of chess - Alex GendlerTrace the storied history of the game of chess, from its origins in 7th century India to the computer software we use today.
--
The attacking infantry advances, their elephants already having broken the defensive line. The king tries to retreat, but the enemy flanks him from the rear. Escape is impossible. This isn’t a real war— nor is it just a game. Over the 1,500 years of its existence, chess has been known as a military strategy tool, a metaphor for human affairs and a measure of genius. Alex Gendler shares its history.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by Remus & Kiki.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! zjweele13, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Edla Paniguel, Elena Crescia, Thomas Mungavan, Alejandro Cachoua, Jaron Blackburn, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Sandy Nasser, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, John Saveland, Jason Garcia, Robson Martinho, Martin Lau, Senjo Limbu, Joe Huang, SungGyeong Bae, Christian Kurch, Begum Tutuncu, David Matthew Ezroj, Sweetmilkcoco, Raphaël LAURENT, Joe Meyers, Farah Abdelwahab, Brian Richards, Divina Grace Dar Santos, Jessie McGuire, Abdullah Altuwaijri, Sarah Burns, Clement, Hadi Salahshour, FAWWAZ GHUWAIDI, Dino Biancolini, Reagen O'Connor, Nicu Boanda, Cindy O., Karla Brilman, Jørgen Østerpart, Sergi Páez, rakesh Katragadda, Carolyn Corwin, Charlene You, Boris Langvand, Exal Enrique Cisneros Tuch, Carsten Tobehn, Kin Lon Ma, Katie Dean, Ezgi Yersu and Eunsun Kim.
Protecting Privacy with MATH (Collab with the Census)This video was made in collaboration with the US Census Bureau and fact-checked by Census Bureau scientists. Any opinions and errors are my own. For more information, visit https://census.gov/about/policies/privacy/statistical_safeguards.html or search "differential privacy" at http://census.gov.
REFERENCES
Differential Privacy in the Wild: http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol9/p1611-machanavajjhala.pdf
Harvard University Privacy Tools Project: https://privacytools.seas.harvard.edu/differential-privacy
Simons Institute Workshop Video Recordings and Articles Archive: https://simons.berkeley.edu/workshops/schedule/6281
Cynthia Dwork (key inventor of Differential Privacy), giving a great intro talk about differential privacy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lg-VhHlztqo
Shiva P Kasiviswanathan and Adam Smith. On the semantics of differential privacy: A Bayesian formulation. Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality, 6(1):1–16, 2014.
Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan and Adam Smith. On the ‘semantics’ of differential privacy: A Bayesian formulation. 2015. https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.3946
Daniel Kifer and Ashwin Machanavajjhala. A rigorous and customizable framework for privacy. In ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS), 2012.
Daniel Kifer and Ashwin Machanavajjhala. Pufferfish: A framework for mathematical privacy definitions. ACM Trans. Database Syst., 39(1):3, 2014.
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The Race to Win Staten IslandThank you to my patrons for making this video possible: https://patreon.com/cgpgrey
Special thanks to: Abdullah Abdulaziz, Andrea Di Biagio, Andrew Proue, Bear, Ben Schwab, Bob Kunz, Cas Eliëns, Chris Amaris, Chris Chapin, Christian Cooper, chrysilis, Colin Millions, Dag Viggo Lokøen, David F WatsonDavid Palomares, Derek Bonner, Derek Jackson, Donal Botkin, DretheGreat, Edward Adams, Elizabeth Keathley, Emil, emptymachine, Erik Parasiuk, Esteban Santana Santana, Faust Fairbrook, Freddi Hørlyck, Gavin Voit, George Lin, Guillermo, Jacob O, James Bissonette, Jason Lewandowski, John Buchan, John Lee, John Rogers, JoJo Chehebar, ken mcfarlane, Kozo Ota, Leon, Maarten van der Blij, Marco Arment, Martin, Maxime Zielony, Michael Mrozek, Mikko, Nevin Spoljaric, Orbit_Junkie, Osric Lord-Williams, Peter Lomax, Phil Gardner, Rescla, Rhys Parry, Richard Jenkins, rictic, Ron Bowes, Saki Comandao, Shallon Brown, Shantanu Raj, ShiroiYami, Steven Grimm, Tianyu Ge, Tijmen van Dien, Tristan Watts-Willis, Tómas Ãrni Jónasson, Veronica Peshterianu, سليمان العقل
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Ask Grey a Questionhttps://old.reddit.com/r/CGPGrey/comments/d375iz/ask_grey_a_question/
Keeping It Legal and Registering Your Business: Crash Course Business Entrepreneurship #5It can be daunting to move from the abstract idea stage to the realm of bank accounts, taxes, and liability. Sometimes, it can feel like you’re making arbitrary decisions, but we’re going to wade through the legalese together. Things are about to get legit.
Click here for the chart!
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P-values Broke Scientific Statistics—Can We Fix Them?A little over a decade ago, a neuroscientist found "significant activation" in the neural tissue of a dead fish. While it didn't prove the existence of zombie fish, it did point out a huge statistical problem.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
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------
Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/atlantic-salmon-fish-gm1078533830-288960355
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/doctor-scanning-mri-patient-with-mri-scanner-machine-technology-gm539016174-96005265
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/people-avatars-collection-busines-man-and-business-woman-gm858645762-142037973
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/animation-of-collecting-customer-data-for-big-business-s6doogexvjpmvy3tv
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/pouring-milk-from-porcelain-milk-jug-into-cup-with-tea-slow-motion-nn7dsfqpe
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/tea-types-illustration-gm607502666-104120687
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/hand-adding-milk-or-cream-from-a-pitcher-to-a-cup-of-tea-with-a-tea-bag-inside---slow-motion-overhead-shot-raqhcp0vqjlqqmbne
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/slow-motion-pouring-milk-milk-pouring-into-glass-jha2jgz
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/rich-big-data-background-bzieugmz-j3332dzb
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mugs-with-drinks-gm114452963-10446241
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/magnetic-resonance-scan-of-the-brain-with-skull-mri-head-scan-on-dark-background-gm1131746758-299766515
https://www.videoblocks.com/video/time-lapse-of-technicians-in-clean-suit-working-in-a-clean-room-4pehwnqpxilweufzb
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/tea-being-poured-gm542814278-97259275
https://tinyurl.com/y96682hb
https://tinyurl.com/y5dw9nxj
Why Exercise Is HardThanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/
Because exercise isn't essential for short-term survival, we don't exercise enough, so we need to reincorporate purposeful physical activity into our lives.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
___________________________________________
To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Physical activity - any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level
Exercise - a form of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and performed (primarily) with the goal of improving health or fitness
Recommended levels of physical activity (USA) - 150 minutes moderate-intensity or 75 minutes vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination, and muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days / week
Evolutionary medicine - a field that uses evolutionary theory & data to better understand (the origins of) health & disease
Mismatch conditions - health conditions that are more prevalent or severe today than in the past because the body is inadequately or insufficiently adapted to modern environmental conditions (likely including: cavities, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis)
___________________________________________
If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:
Forget Exercise. For Better Health, We Need Better Cities - https://qz.com/quartzy/1615436/the-solution-to-make-america-physically-active/
Magazine article about why exercise is hard - https://harvardmagazine.com/2016/09/born-to-rest
On an individual level, psychology is involved, too: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/maybe-youd-exercise-more-if-it-didnt-feel-so-crappy/
Americans aren’t getting the message about exercising more & sitting less - https://time.com/5635730/exercise-sitting-data/
What healthy living and fixing climate change have in common - https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/05/planetary-health-and-12-years-to-act/
The wonder drug that's free - https://bit.ly/2lHAjsI
How to live to be 100+ (TED Talk) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ff40YiMmVkU
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Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
___________________________________________
References:
Booth, F. W., et al. 2017. Role of inactivity in chronic diseases: evolutionary insight and pathophysiological mechanisms. Physiological reviews, 97(4), 1351-1402. https://bit.ly/2kEl4Ay
Ding, D., et al. 2016. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet, 388(10051), 1311-1324. https://bit.ly/2kfGVy8
Hoed, M. D., et al. 2013. Heritability of objectively assessed daily physical activity and sedentary behavior. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 98(5), 1317-1325. https://bit.ly/2lNxeHk
Lee, I. M., et al. 2012. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229. https://bit.ly/2ER2cT4
Lee, H. H., et al. 2016. The exercise–affect–adherence pathway: an evolutionary perspective. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1285. https://bit.ly/2maYy2E
Lewis, B. A., personal communication. May 2019.
Lewis, B. A., et al. 2014. A randomized trial examining a physical activity intervention for the prevention of postpartum depression: the healthy mom trial. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 7(1), 42-49. https://bit.ly/2m9Xa0e
Lieberman, D. E. 2015. Is exercise really medicine? An evolutionary perspective. Current sports medicine reports, 14(4), 313-319. https://bit.ly/2xuQtFU
Rhodes, R. E., et al. 2018. Theories of physical activity behaviour change: A history and synthesis of approaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. https://bit.ly/2kaPBpk
US Department of Health & Human Services. 2018. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition. Washington, DC. https://bit.ly/2Q1eF09
US Department of Health & Human Services. 2018. 2018 Physical activity guidelines advisory committee scientific report. Washington, DC. https://bit.ly/2FmVa9p
WHO. 2019. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity. Accessed May 2019. https://bit.ly/2TLLSuw
Why Do Pineapple and Kiwi Ruin Gelatin?Adding the wrong fruits to your gelatin can turn it into a big, goopy mess. But understanding why this happens can help you learn how to make better desserts, and level up your cooking game in general.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31229885
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26518672
https://jpma.org.pk/PdfDownload/8055
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946757/
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/polc.5070280121
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268005X18308658
It's Okay To Be Smart is on Patreon!Special merch discount if you join this week! ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
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Why should you read “Midnight’s Children”? - Iseult GillespieDive into Salman Rushdie’s masterpiece, “Midnight’s Children,” a work of magical realism that deals with India’s transition from British colonialism to independence.
--
It begins with a countdown. A woman goes into labor as the clock ticks towards midnight. Across India, people wait for the declaration of independence after nearly 200 years of British rule. At the stroke of midnight, an infant and two new nations are born in perfect synchronicity. These events form the foundation of “Midnight’s Children.” Iseult Gillespie explores Salman Rushdie’s dazzling novel.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by Tomás Pichardo-Espaillat.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Pavel Maksimov, Victoria Soler-Roig, Betsy Feathers, Samuel Barbas, Therapist Gus, Sai Krishna Koyoda, Elizabeth Parker, William Bravante, Irindany Sandoval, Mark wisdom, Brighteagle , Beatriz Inácio, Mighterbump, Pamela Harrison, Maija Chapman, Liana Switzer, Curtis Light, The Brock, Dianne Palomar, Edgar Campos Barrachina, Maria Lerchbaumer, Ever Granada, Marin Kovachev, Ravi S. Rāmphal, Penelope Misquitta, Tekin Gültekin, Jhuval, Hans Peng, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Vaibhav Mirjolkar, Thomas Bahrman, Allan Hayes, Aidan Forero, Uday Kishore, Mikhail Shkirev, Devesh Kumar, Sunny Patel, Anuj Tomar, Lowell Fleming, David Petrovič, Hoai Nam Tran, Stina Boberg, Alexandrina Danifeld, Kack-Kyun Kim, Travis Wehrman, haventfiguredout, Caitlin de Falco and Ken.
The Enlightenment: Crash Course European History #18So far in this series, we've covered a lot of war, disease, climate disaster, and some more war. Well, prepare yourself for something a little more positive. This week, we're talking about the Enlightenment. In this video, you'll learn about the ideas of Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Kant, Smith, Hume, and a bunch of other people whose ideas have been so impactful, they still influence the way we think about the world today.
Sources
Hunt, Lynn et al. Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2019.
Smith, Bonnie G. et al. World in the Making: A History. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Indika Siriwardena, Avi Yashchin, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haixiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Scientists Just Figured Out How Washing Machines Work?!According to the math, washing machines should take several hours to get your clothes clean, but in reality it only takes a single hour or less. Now, scientists have finally figured out how they truly work.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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"Ode to the Only Black Kid in the Class" poem by Clint SmithAn animated interpretation of Clint Smith's poem "Ode to the Only Black Kid in the Class"
--
Watch an interview with the poet here: https://youtu.be/xtGuRnYpYRM
This animation is part of our series, "There's a Poem for That," which features animated interpretations of poems both old and new that give language to some of life's biggest feelings.
Check out the full series here: http://bit.ly/TEDEdTheresAPoemForThat
Poem by Clint Smith, directed by Niv Sekar.
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5 Times People Gave Animals Diseases | Reverse ZoonoticsGo to https://NordVPN.com/scishow and use code SCISHOW to get 75% off a 3 year plan. Protect yourself online today!
Usually when we think about animals and disease, we think about illnesses that they transmit to us - like swine flu or Lyme disease. But illness is often a two-way street, and while animals can pass pathogens to us, we can also pass our own pathogens to animals.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Mountain gorilla:
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/4/10-0883_article
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110328151738.htm
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/opinion/apes-need-vaccines-too.html?_r=0.ls
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029030
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20096440?read-now=1&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents
Why Lizards Don't Run MarathonsLizards tend to scurry around in short bursts rather than running long distances, and the reason why might be nearly as old as life on land.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://www.newswise.com/articles/some-lizards-breathe-easier
https://www.biologyjunction.com/lizard_deep_breaths49.pdf
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/200/20/2629
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/evolution-of-locomotor-stamina-in-tetrapods-circumventing-a-mechanical-constraint/BDE4249B34AB026E88E8C6BEEA27A9A9
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/articles/zcsbmsg
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213001954
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/284/5420/twis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356394
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16861059
https://phys.org/news/2013-12-mystery-lizard-one-way-airflow-million.html
https://sciencing.com/respiration-mammals-7220116.html
https://thehorse.com/125263/the-airways-and-lungs/
----------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monitor_Lizard_Varanus_by_Vedant_Kasambe_02.jpg
A Cancer Gene May Be More Friendly Than We Thought | SciShow NewsUntil now, researchers have assumed that healthy cells switch off the enzyme telomerase as a way to protect themselves from turning cancerous. But a new study suggests the enzyme may have a healthier role than we previously thought. Researchers have also figured out a way to store energy from mechanical waves!
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Sources:
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-09/uom-ekf082819.php
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/8/eaaw3255
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370421/
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/95148
https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/fulltext.cfm?uri=optica-4-12-1457&id=377272
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(00)00805-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982200008058%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(00)80580-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867400805802%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/08/29/1907199116.short?rss=1
How to make an AI read your handwriting (LAB) : Crash Course Ai #5Follow along: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1NyYH1EPpaJlMBLK0fcKYz4icaD1SNSLK
John Green Bot wrote his first novel! Today, in our first ever Lab we’re going to program a neural network to recognize handwritten letters to convert the first part of John Green Bot’s novel into typed text. To do this we’re going to import a labeled dataset, called EMNIST, we’ll to use a pre-written library called SKLearn to build the network, we’ll train and tweak our code until it’s accurate (enough), and then we’ll use our newly trained network to convert John Green Bot’s handwritten pages.
We created this project in a way that you don’t have to install anything on your computer, the only thing you’ll need to get started is a Google account and a sense of adventure! To run the Colaboratory file (link at the top) you’ll have to click “open in playground” at the top of the page OR open the File Menu and click “Save a Copy to Drive.” From there you can change, tweak, and edit the code as you wish. We also left text around and within the code to help you along the way. If you use this code in your own project let us know in the comments!
If you want the raw data we used for the project you can download our files from GitHub here: https://github.com/crash-course-ai/lab1-neural-networks
EMNIST paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.05373v1
Crash Course AI is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios
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7 Scientific Urban Legends Debunked!I HAVE A PATREON NOW!! Join the community ►► https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
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It sounds like such an incredible fact. “Our own cells are outnumbered by our microbes 10 to 1!” I don’t remember where I first heard it. But I read it in science papers and articles by journalists, so I believed it without question. I even made one of my first videos based on this fact. Problem is, this fact is not true. So how did it remain firmly planted in our common knowledge for almost four decades without any scientific scrutiny? And how can you prepare yourself to not be fooled by other scientific urban legends? I look at a few of the most famous incorrect factoids in science, and give a few suggestions for how to make our common knowledge more correct.
Books from our episodes:
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NEWS: The Mystery of 42 is Solved - Numberphile42 was the last remaining number below 100 which could not be expressed as the sum of three cubes (*) - UNTIL NOW
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
(*) barring numbers for which this known to be IMPOSSIBLE - see previous videos.
See our playlist previous videos on this area of research: http://bit.ly/SumOfCubes
Andrew Booker: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/maths/people/andrew-r-booker/overview.html
Andrew Sutherland: https://math.mit.edu/directory/profile.php?pid=272
Charity Engine: https://www.charityengine.com
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The Tiny Experiment That Transformed PhysicsIn 1956, a team of scientists conducted an experiment that, seemed kind of trivial, but the results would challenge one of our fundamental beliefs about the entire universe.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.104.254
https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.105.1413
https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.105.1415
https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.105.1681.2
http://www.thestargarden.co.uk/Weak-nuclear-force.html
https://physicsworld.com/a/credit-where-credits-due/
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/beamline/25/4/25-4-ritchie.pdf [PDF]
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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786441008520365
The dust bunnies that built our planet - Lorin Swint MatthewsInvestigate the theories surrounding cosmic dust bunnies and discover how the tiny particles could hold the key to the formation of life on Earth.
--
Consider the spot where you’re sitting. Travel backwards in time and it might’ve been submerged at the bottom of a shallow sea, buried under miles of rock or floating through a molten landscape. But go back about 4.6 billion years, and you’d be in the middle of an enormous cloud of dust and gas orbiting a newborn star. What exactly is this cosmic dust? Lorin Matthews investigates.
Lesson by Lorin Swint Matthews, directed by Frederic Siegel (Team Tumult).
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Derek Drescher, Mihail Radu Pantilimon, Amin Shahril, Mohamed Elsayed, Barthélémy Michalon, Chumi Ogbonna, Karlee Finch, Mohammad Said, jj5252, Kelvin Lam, Mauricio Basso, Athena Grace Franco, Tirath Singh Pandher, Melvin Williams, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Nicolas Silva, Raymond Lee, Kurt Almendras, Denise A Pitts, Abdallah Absi, Dee Wei, Richard A Berkley, Tim Armstrong, Daniel Nester, Hashem Al, denison martins fernandes, Doug Henry, Arlene Spiegelman, Michał Friedrich, Joshua Wasniewski, Maryam Dadkhah, Kristiyan Bonev, Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov, Emilia Alvarado, Jaime Arriola, Mirzat Tulafu, Lewis Westbury, Felipe Hoff, Rebecca Reineke, Cyrus Garay, Victoria Veretilo, Michael Aquilina, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Mike Azarkman and Yvette Mocete.
The Secret Global Sewer SystemThanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/
Ditches and drain pipes help crops survive but can negatively impact the broader landscape.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
__________________________________________
To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Waterlog - to saturate (a field) with water; a problem for most crops
Drainage - the removal of liquid (water) from an area
Ditch - a narrow channel dug in the ground, typically used for drainage alongside a road or the edge of a field
Drain tile - a pipe buried (beneath a field) for drainage. Originally made of ceramic tiles, now typically of corrugated plastic
Precision agriculture - putting corn seed + small dose of fertilizer/pesticides in hole in ground
Controlled drainage - the use of a water control structure to raise the depth of a drain tile outlet to hold water in the field when drainage isn't needed
Wood chip bioreactor - an underground trench filled with wood chips that provide carbon for bacteria that denitrify the water flowing through it
Saturated buffer - a strip on the edge of a field filled with plants & bacteria that can remove some nitrogen from the water flowing onto it from drain tiles
Denitrification - the removal of nitrogen from a substance (soil, air, or water) by chemical reduction, typically via bacteria
Wetland - an area of land where water covers the soil year-round or at certain times of year
Ecosystem services - the free benefits humans get from natural ecosystems
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If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:
Why plant roots need oxygen: https://bit.ly/2kgD0Be
Restored wetlands don’t recover their original ecosystem functions: https://bit.ly/2VrccKK
A guide to agricultural drainage: https://bit.ly/2jX1ChZ
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Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
Image Credits: Aerial view of treatment wetlands - Photo by David Hansen
________________________________________
References:
Christianson, L.E. & Helmers, M.J., 2011. Woodchip Bioreactors for Nitrate in Agricultural Drainage. Agriculture and Environment Extension Publications. 85. https://bit.ly/2kdXPx7
Davidson, N. C. 2014. How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area. Marine and Freshwater Research, 65(10), 934-941. https://bit.ly/2lwLUKW
Davidson, N. C., Fluet-Chouinard, E., & Finlayson, C. M. 2018. Global extent and distribution of wetlands: trends and issues. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(4), 620-627. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17019
Discovery Farms MN. November 2016. Controlling Nutrient Loss in Tile Systems. https://bit.ly/2lTi8QI
Dolph, C. Pers. comm. June 2019
Erb, K. H., et al. 2017. Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies. Global change biology, 23(2), 512-533. https://bit.ly/2kgs7zn
Feick, S., Siebert, S., & Döll, P. 2005. A digital global map of artificially drained agricultural areas. https://bit.ly/2ksM3if
Finlay, J. Pers. comm. June 2019
Foufoula‐Georgiou, E., et al. 2015. The change of nature and the nature of change in agricultural landscapes: Hydrologic regime shifts modulate ecological transitions. Water Resources Research, 51(8), 6649-6671. https://bit.ly/2lu6Su7
Hansen, A. T., Dolph, C. L., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., & Finlay, J. C. 2018. Contribution of wetlands to nitrate removal at the watershed scale. Nature Geoscience, 11(2), 127. https://bit.ly/2lQe9nY
IPBES. 2019. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. S. Díaz, et al. (eds.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. Pg 11-12. https://bit.ly/2WX4c4U
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: Wetlands and Water Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. https://bit.ly/2QYNd0v
Mustroph, A. 2018. Improving flooding tolerance of crop plants. Agronomy, 8(9), 160. https://bit.ly/2k1jzfu
Reynolds Number - NumberphileSecond of three videos we're doing on Navier Stokes and related fluid stuff... featuring Tom Crawford.
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
See the first video on Navier-Stokes: https://youtu.be/ERBVFcutl3M
And the third video soon...
Tom Crawford works at the University of Oxford... more at: https://tomrocksmaths.com
Smarter Every Day's color unmixing machine: https://youtu.be/j2_dJY_mIys
Also demonstrated by the University of New Mexico: https://youtu.be/p08_KlTKP50
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These Wasps Throw Awesome PartiesLarge clumps of wasps can occasionally be found on the tops of tall structures, and although you probably still don’t want to mess with them, these aren’t angry swarms—they’re actually super chill parties.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
https://askentomologists.com/2018/03/29/caught-on-camera-a-wasp-party/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00114-006-0104-3
http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anz43-free/anz43-583.pdf
https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/paper-wasp-swarming-around-structures
http://content.apa.org/journals/com/120/4/394
----------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wasps_Building_Nest_01.jpg
The secret student resistance to Hitler - Iseult GillespieLearn the story of the WWII student resistance group, called the White Rose, fighting against Hitler in Nazi Germany.
--
In 1943, Allied aircraft rained tens of thousands of leaflets on Nazi Germany below. The leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler, to fight furiously for the future— and to never give up hope. Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses— and their message even reached concentration camps. They were signed: the White Rose. Iseult Gillespie details the story of the resistance group.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by WOW-HOW Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Lawrence Teh Swee Kiang, BRENDAN NEALE, Jane White, Karmi Nguyen, John C. Vesey, Yelena Baykova, Harshita Jagdish Sahijwani, Won Jang, Nick Johnson, Tariq Keblaoui, Carlos H. Costa, Eimann P. Evarola, Aleksandr Lyozin, Mohamed Elsayed, Alan Wilder, Marcus Appelbaum, Francisco Leos, Kevin O'Leary, Les Howard, Ten Cha, Mehmet Yusuf Ertekin, Arlene Weston, phkphk123321, Jennifer Kurkoski, Ryan B Harvey, Austin Randall, Abhishek Bansal, Jayant Sahewal, Dian Atamyanov, igor romanenko, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Brandy Sarver, Guy Hardy, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Karl Laius, Madee Lo, JY Kang, Marc Bou Zeid, Abhishek Goel, Charles A Hershberger, Coenraad Keuning, Robert Seik, Heidi Stolt, Alexis Hevia, Todd Gross, Brady Jones, Christina Salvatore, Zhong Ming Zenny Tan, Karisa Caudill and Bruno Pinho.
Abilities Evolution Took From UsA common misconception is that evolution is a long chain of progress, where organisms gain cool, new features over time. However, if a trait doesn't help with survival or reproduction, eventually it can disappear. Here are a few abilities humans' distant ancestors had that have been lost to natural selection!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app002192015.pdf
https://theconversation.com/what-our-ancestors-third-eye-reveals-about-the-evolution-of-mammals-to-warm-blood-68454
https://www.ncbi.nlm.https://theconversation.com/what-our-ancestors-third-eye-reveals-about-the-evolution-of-mammals-to-warm-blood-68454nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1772576/
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1502
http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Electrophorus-electricus.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/electroreception
http://pages.nbb.cornell.edu/neurobio/hopkins/eodrecog/electroreception.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/319401a0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189155/
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1127
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187972961100010X
https://www.pnas.org/content/100/14/8337
https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/fulltext/S0169-5347(09)00150-5?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0169534709001505%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/misconceptions_faq.php#a3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK200980/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-human-pheromones-real/
6 Parasites That Live INSIDE CellsWhen you think 'parasite' you might think leeches or some nasty tape worm, but there are some, that can live inside your very own cells.
Check out Journey to the Microcosmos here: https://www.youtube.com/microcosmos
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
Sources:
CDC definition of parasite: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/about.html
Drawing with Sound (Oscilloscope Music) - Smarter Every Day 224For $100 off select Casper mattresses, go to https://casper.com/smarter and use promo code: smarter
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What I really like about this project is that it taught me to think about the world differently with respect to physical objects. I now sometimes think about the outline of physical objects as if it's a line. The specific area of math that you use for things like this is called "Parametric Equations". I had a lot of great conversations about this stuff with Hansi and Jerobeam. I was very impressed by their intelligence, and also very thankful that they took their time to share these special things with me. I know they'd really appreciate it if you'd reach out to their website and purchase OsciStudio as well as some of Jerobeam's music. Even if you don't have an oscilloscope, purchasing the software will obviously help them continue to do what they love doing. Hansi showed me a very interesting thing he's working on involving ray tracing. It was fascinating.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SUPPORT THE ARTISTS!
Here's the website you want to go to:
https://oscilloscopemusic.com/
Direct Links:
Download OsciStudio Here so you can draw 3D objects in Blender
https://oscilloscopemusic.com/oscistudio.php
Download some Oscilloscope Music here:
https://oscilloscopemusic.com/watch.php#album
Check out Jerobeam's channel
https://www.youtube.com/user/jerobeamfenderson1/
Tweet Ideas to me at:
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If you feel like this video was worth your time and added value to your life, please SHARE THE VIDEO!
If you REALLY liked it, feel free to support Smarter Every Day by becoming a Patron.
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Warm Regards,
Destin
Are Electric Cars Really More Environmentally Friendly?Some people say that buying an electric car is a great way to fight climate change - but if they use electricity that is made by burning fossil fuels, are they really more environmentally friendly than gas powered cars?
Pick up a copy of An Absolutely Remarkable Thing here!
https://store.dftba.com/products/an-absolutely-remarkable-thing-signed-paperback-book
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/best-worst.shtml
https://medium.com/@rossrosenberg/the-long-tailpipe-theory-of-evs-8b4487cf3cfc
https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-how-electric-vehicles-help-to-tackle-climate-change
https://www.bts.gov/content/average-fuel-efficiency-us-passenger-cars-and-light-trucks
https://www.bts.gov/content/number-us-aircraft-vehicles-vessels-and-other-conveyances
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/study-electric-buses-already-emit-less-carbon-than-diesel-buses-in-any-stat#gs.r7b6dz
https://eufactcheck.eu/factcheck/mostly-false-electric-cars-generate-higher-emissions-than-diesel-cars/
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2013/feb/07/india-green-country-electric-cars
https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.html?source=post_page---------------------------
https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions
https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/2017-Global-LDV-Standards-Update_ICCT-Report_23062017_vF.pdf
https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1091877_why-european-gas-mileage-ratings-are-so-high--and-often-wrong
https://www.foreffectivegov.org/oil-and-gas-production-major-source-of-greenhouse-gas-emissions-epa-data-reveals
https://seekingalpha.com/article/4123382-long-tailpipe-teslas-natural-gas-powered-vehicles
http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/electric-car-emissions
https://www.transportpolicy.net/standard/us-vehicle-definitions/
https://ozziezehner.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/lets-power-down-hype-about-electric-cars.pdf
https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/11/Cleaner-Cars-from-Cradle-to-Grave-full-report.pdf
https://www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/electric-vehicles/ev-emissions-tool#z
Not-a-Flamethrower vs AerogelWe put aerogel to the test vs 'not-a-flamethrower', a huge 2000°C flame to a large fiberglass blanket infused with silica aerogel - formerly the lightest solid (that title is now held by graphene aerogel).
Special thanks to:
Aerogel Technologies: https://ve42.co/aerogeltech
Aspen Aerogels: https://ve42.co/aspen
Ben: @BenScho999999
Dr. Stephen Steiner and the Aerogel Technologies team
The footage of aerogel materials in cold environments was provided courtesy of Aspen Aerogels. Their product, cryogel, was shown to be flexible in liquid nitrogen while preventing cold burns to the hand. They are the manufacturer of the blanket used in the main portion of this video.
This is the finale of my three-part series on aerogel. I'll put links to the other parts below:
World's Lightest Solid: https://youtu.be/AeJ9q45PfD0
I Waterproofed Myself With Aerogel: https://youtu.be/GcdB5bFwio4
Huge thanks to Patreon supporters:
Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Bryan Baker, Chris Vargas, Chuck Lauer Vose, Dale Horne, Donal Botkin, Eric Velazquez, halyoav, James Knight, Jasper Xin, Joar Wandborg, Kevin Beavers, kkm, Leah Howard, Lyvann Ferrusca, Michael Krugman, Mohammed Al Sahaf, Noel Braganza, Philipp Volgger, Pindex, Ron Neal, Sam Lutfi, Stan Presolski, Tige Thorman
This is an educational video demonstrating scientific experiments performed by professionals. It should not be attempted by viewers.
Music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com "Running Against the Clock" "Dangerous Forests"
Futuristic Spy Tech Self-Destructs in Sunlight | SciShow NewsThis week scientists invented futuristic technologies that sound made up by Hollywood’s spy movies, and we might be able to have infrared supervision without goggles...soon.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-08/acs-dad072319.php
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7QXerW77I4
http://kohl.chbe.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/Mechanical%20accepted.pdf
http://kohl.chbe.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/Phillips_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Applied_Polymer_Science.pdf
http://kohl.chbe.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/Jared%20PHA%20synthesis.pdf
http://kohl.chbe.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/Jiang_et_al-2019-Polymers_for_Advanced_Technologies.pdf
http://kohl.chbe.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/Jiang_et_al-2019-Polymers_for_Advanced_Technologies_0.pdf
https://www.livescience.com/60682-polymers.html
https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/explainer-what-are-polymers
https://www.merlinproject.org.uk/types-of-polymer-degradation/
https://polymerdatabase.com/polymer%20chemistry/Thermal%20Degradation.html
https://sciencing.com/long-styrofoam-break-down-5407877.html
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2019-08/acs-ncs071819.php
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycsk2JaLhhI
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30101-1
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/02/nanotech-injections-give-mice-infrared-vision/583768/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00735-4
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/researchers-enable-super-mice-to-see-near-infrared-light/
How to Build a Lava Moat (with xkcd)Where to Buy "How To" by Randall Munroe:
· PRH.com: https://bit.ly/2L2G5hy
· Amazon: https://bit.ly/2zfy974
· Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/2Zozxmt
· IndieBound: https://bit.ly/2ZfwSre
· Books-A-Million: https://bit.ly/2ZfxD3y
· Apple Books: https://bit.ly/33TK3kX
The world's most entertaining and useless self-help guide, from the brilliant mind behind the wildly popular webcomic xkcd and the #1 New York Times bestsellers What If? and Thing Explainer
For any task you might want to do, there's a right way, a wrong way, and a way so monumentally complex, excessive, and inadvisable that no one would ever try it. How To is a guide to the third kind of approach. It's full of highly impractical advice for everything from landing a plane to digging a hole.
Bestselling author and cartoonist Randall Munroe explains how to predict the weather by analyzing the pixels of your Facebook photos. He teaches you how to tell if you're a baby boomer or a 90's kid by measuring the radioactivity of your teeth. He offers tips for taking a selfie with a telescope, crossing a river by boiling it, and powering your house by destroying the fabric of space-time. And if you want to get rid of the book once you're done with it, he walks you through your options for proper disposal, including dissolving it in the ocean, converting it to a vapor, using tectonic plates to subduct it into the Earth's mantle, or launching it into the Sun.
By exploring the most complicated ways to do simple tasks, Munroe doesn't just make things difficult for himself and his readers. As he did so brilliantly in What If?, Munroe invites us to explore the most absurd reaches of the possible. Full of clever infographics and amusing illustrations, How To is a delightfully mind-bending way to better understand the science and technology underlying the things we do every day.
REFERENCES
How To (Randall Munroe) - see above for links!
Rock melting points
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Geophys/meltrock.html
Syracuse University Researchers Make Lava Using Keweenawan Basalt
http://lavaproject.syr.edu/making-lava/making.html
BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF WISCONSIN MAP: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–EXTENSION Geological and Natural History Survey
Electric Furnace
https://www.amazon.com/Automatic-Electric-Refining-Precious-Aluminum/dp/B07LCKKFWX/
Large Geothermal Power Plants
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/largest-geothermal-power-plants-in-the-world.html
https://www.calpine.com/operations/power-operations/our-locations/california/ridge-line
Coal Power Plant Capacity
https://www.talenenergy.com/plant/colstrip/
The size of an A19 or A21 Lightbulb
https://blog.1000bulbs.com/home/a21-vs-a19
Low melting point Vanadate glass
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1143/JJAP.50.088002
Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
How Living on Mars Would Make Life Better on EarthThanks to LEGO City Space for helping us envision life on Mars! Go to http://lego.build/CITYSpace to start your next space adventure.
If we ever want to live, sleep, eat, and breathe on Mars, we are going to need some the best tech humans can dream up - and as a bonus that tech might actually help tackle challenges right here on Earth!
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Sources:
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/moxie/
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/moxie/for-scientists/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10342-6
https://www.space.com/comet-tech-generate-breathable-air-mars.html
The rise and fall of the Mongol Empire - Anne F. BroadbridgeTrace the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire which, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, became the largest contiguous land empire in history.
--
It was the largest contiguous land empire in history— stretching from Korea to Ukraine, and from Siberia to southern China. And was forged on the open plains. In the 12th century, the East Asian steppe was home to scattered groups of nomads who, by 1206, would be united under the innovative leadership of a man named Temujin. Anne F. Broadbridge details the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire.
Lesson by Anne F. Broadbridge, directed by Globizco Studios.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! JackKeyton, Matthew D. Vigil, Amin Shahril, Adriano Fontes, Xiao Yu, Fatima Kried, Aravind Battaje, Melissa Suarez, Jason Duncan, Brian A. Dunn, Francisco Amaya, Daisuke Goto, Matt Switzler, Chhunheng Veng, Leonardo Monrroy, Sumedh Ghaisas, Guhten, Amer Harb, Dowey Baothman, Norbert Orgován, Shafeeq Ansari, Gabriel Balsa, Maryam Sultan, Bethany Connor, Jeremy Shimanek, Adam Foreman, Sebastiaan Vleugels, Lâm Nguyễn, Mark Byers, Bradley Heinold, Monkeypatcher, Laurence McMillan, Connor Roberts, Dmitry Neverov, Tonya Ratliff-Garrison, Avinash Amarnath, Eric McDaniel, Cristian Cristian, France Lipužič, EdoKun, Rare Media, Rayo, Faizan, Elizabeth Gu, Nazmul Idris, Po Foon Kwong, Siobhan O'Connor Gwozdz, NinjaBoffin, Jesse Jurman and Josue Perez Miranda.
Science to Watch Poolside: A Swimming Summer CompilationSummer is coming to a close, but there is still time to take a cool, refreshing dip in the water of your choice. Before you do, be sure to check out this swimming compilation to get answers to all the questions you didn’t even know you had about this favorite summer pastime.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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Original Videos:
Why Does Getting Water Up Your Nose Hurt So Much?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ForvnkfjtpY
Why Do We Wrinkle When Wet?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqhoLNUTS8I
Why Do Your Eyes Get Red in the Pool?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gDbazt_u9E
Why Peeing in the Pool Could Be Dangerous | Disinfection By-Products
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrRqBjvf-pg
The Horrifying Truth About Swimmer's Itch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZEO0O0N-G4
What’s the Deal with Antibiotics and Birth Control?You might have heard that you should use a back-up method of protection if you’re taking birth control pills and antibiotics at the same time. Turns out, you might not have to worry about it.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
----------
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----------
Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250726/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326585/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12063491
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12436822
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-0528.15027
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682403.html
https://www.ajog.org/article/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682403.html0002-9378(90)90555-L/pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16112414
https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(02)00037-3/fulltext
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937817308451
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1395332/
https://academic.oup.com/jncimono/article/2000/27/113/934445
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/vol/236/pg/1382
https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0009-9236%2899%2970138-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5944580/
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Finch/publication/233382875_Update_on_Rifampin_Rifabutin_and_Rifapentine_Drug_Interactions/links/544fa3c20cf29473161dd4f8.pdf
The Rise of Russia and Prussia: Crash Course European History #17In eastern Europe, in the 17th century a couple of "great powers" were coming into their own. The vast empire of Russia was modernizing under Peter the Great, and the relatively tiny state of Prussia was evolving as well. Russia (and Tsar Peter) reformed many aspects of Russian governance, realigning them toward the way things were done in western Europe. In Prussia, efficiency of institutions became a thing, and Prussia turned into "a large army with a small state attached."
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haxiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
--
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Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourse
CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
Sources
Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia: People and Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Hunt, Lynn et al. Challenge of the West: Peoples and Cultures from 1320 to the Global
Age. Lexington: D. C. Heath, 1995.
Kivelson, Valerie A. and Ronald Grigor Suny. Russia’s Empires. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2016.
Stites, Richard. Serfdom, Society, and the Arts in Imperial Russia The Pleasure and the Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
IMAGES and FOOTAGE:
Wikimedia Commons
iStock/fotoVoyager
Storyblocks/guillaumelynn
The myth of Jason and the Argonauts - Iseult GillespieDownload a free audiobook version of "Circe" and support TED-Ed's nonprofit mission: https://www.audible.com/ted-ed
Check out our full book recommendation: https://shop.ed.ted.com/collections/ted-ed-book-recommendations/products/circe
--
Hercules, the strongest man alive with a mighty heart to match. Orpheus, charmer of nature and master of music. Castor and Pollux, the twin tricksters. The Boreads, sons of the North Wind who could hurtle through the air. Brought together by a young man’s call for help, these heroes joined forces and named themselves the Argonauts. Iseult Gillespie traces their quest to steal the Golden Fleece.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by Kozmonot Animation Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Leen Mshasha, Mariana Ortega, Danny Romard, James Bruening, Ricki Daniel Marbun, Malcolm Callis, Sabrina Gonzalez, Al the Scottish Wildcat, سلطان الخليفي, Alexander Walls, Della Palacios, Vik Nagjee, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Adi V, Andrew Bosco, Craig Sheldon, Rishi Pasham, Joanne Luce, Jason A Saslow, Mary Sawyer, Scott Gass, Ruth Fang, Mayank Kaul, Kathryn J Hammond, Max Shuai Tang, Terry Minion, Sami Khan, Rob Johnson, Abdullah Abdulaziz, Angelo Urzua-Milla, Tommy Lewis, leorene , Mahina Bachiller, Marcus Andre Nery, Bruce Vieira Lopes, Chef , Charmaine Hanson, Michael Goldberg, Lydia Pflieger, Paul Aldred-Bann, Manav parmar, Susan Wang, Utkarsh Dubey, Thawsitt, Xuebicoco, Jezabel, Maeve, Kim Humphrey and Kristen Damas.
The Optimal Way To Browse The InternetThanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/
The decisions we make while we browse the internet are suprisingly similar to the ones animals make as they forage for food...here's why.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
___________________________________________
To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Optimality models: tools used to evaluate the costs and benefits of different organismal features, traits, and characteristics, including behavior, in the natural world.
Optimal foraging theory: a behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food.
Marginal value theorem: an optimality model that describes the strategy that maximizes gain per unit time in systems where resources, and thus rate of returns, decrease with time.
Central place foraging: a model for analyzing how an organism traveling from a home base to a distant foraging location can maximize foraging rates.
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer, Narrator, & Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Illustrator: Sarah Berman (@sarahjberman)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg, Julián Gómez, Arcadi Garcia Rius
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
___________________________________________
References:
Chi, EH, Pirolli, P, and Pitkow, J. (2000) The scent of a site: A system for analyzing and predicting information scent, usage, and usability of a web site. In: ACM CHI 2000 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.7499&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Fu, W and Pirolli, P. (2007) SNIF-ACT: a cognitive model of user navigation on the world wide web. Human-Computer Interactions 22(4), 355-412. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0d96/d03cf822ea1584b468389b3f4bc39164d85f.pdf
Hayden, BY (2018) Economic choice: The foraging perspective. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 24: 1–6. https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/economic-choice-the-foraging-perspective
Hayden, BY, Pearson, JM, and Platt, ML. (2011) Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a patchy environment. Nature Neuroscience 14: 933-939 https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2856
Hall-McMaster, S and Luyckx F. (2019) Revisiting foraging approaches in neuroscience. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience 19 (2): 225-230. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13415-018-00682-z
Pyke, G and Stephens, DW. (2019) Optimal foraging theory: application and inspiration in human endeavors outside biology. In JC Choe (ed.), Encyclopedia of animal behavior . 2nd edn, vol. 2, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 217-222. https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/optimal-foraging-theory-application-and-inspiration-in-human-ende
Van Koppen, PJ and Jansen, RWJ. (1998) The road to robbery: Travel patterns in commercial robberies . British Journal of Criminology 38: 230-246. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter_Koppen/publication/270802169_The_road_to_the_robbery_Travel_patterns_in_commercial_robberies/links/569e080008ae950bd7a81fc2/The-road-to-the-robbery-Travel-patterns-in-commercial-robberies.pdf
Navier-Stokes Equations - NumberphileTom Crawford (sporting a Navier-Stokes tattoo) talks about the famed equations - subject of a $1m Millennium Prize.
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Having Six Fingers is a Dominant TraitGenetics are extremely complicated—so complicated that having an extra finger or toe, for example, is exceedingly rare despite it being caused by a dominant gene.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zcdfmsg/revision/6
Herding Hemingway’s Cats Understanding How Our Genes Work - Kat Arney
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/1573871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732663/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232527/
https://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/polydactyly
https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/17/7/978/869373
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/science/15creatures.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2003473
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2016.00149/full
https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article/12/14/1725/582084
https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/3-6-cellular-differentiation/
https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/11/science/a-gene-named-sonic.html
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/22/18/2454.full.pdf
https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/0092-8674(93)90626-2.pdf
http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/restricted/lm/CongenitalAnomalies/PolySynDactyly.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/gli3
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01033
----------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_relaxing_in_front_of_the_Hemingway_House-_Key_West,_Florida_(7294386514).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polydactylcat.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemingway%27s_writing_desk_in_Key_West.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemingway_House_bedroom_and_cat_FL1.jpg
The mysterious origins of life on Earth - Luka Seamus WrightWhere on Earth did life begin? Explore the hydrothermal vents in Earth’s crust as simple compounds gave way to complex life.
--
Billions of years ago, simple organic compounds assembled into more complex coalitions that could grow and reproduce. At the time, Earth had widespread volcanic activity and a hostile atmosphere that made it almost devoid of a suitable environment for living things. So where did life begin? Luka Wright searches for the cradle of life that gave rise to the billions of species that inhabit our planet.
Lesson by Luka Seamus Wright, directed by Nick Hilditch.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Marc Bilodeau, Peng, Tzu-Hsiang, paul g mohney, Maya Toll, Sebastian Regez, Bruno Hannud, Andreas Voltios, Shubham Arora, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Akinola Emmanuel, Kyanta Yap, Ricardo Rendon Cepeda, Ana Maria, Benjamin & Shannon Pinder, Ernest Chow, Bela Namyslik, Alan Froese, Anika Westburg, Nick Cozby, Shawar Khan, Michael Braun-Boghos, Rohan Gupta, Elizabeth Cruz, Yujing Jiang, Sarah Lundegaard, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Georg Gusewski, Rohit Lodha, Erica Zhuang, Aaron Henson, Julio Sabatés Rodríguez, Vivian & Gilbert Lee, Fahad Nasser Chowdhury, ரமணன், John simmons, June Reiling, Khalid AlAli, Mickey Mikeworth, Nathaniel Lupus, Yansong Li, Chung Wah Gnapp, Amber Alexander, Robert Patrick, Pi Guanghui, Barbara Younker, Ai Ejima, Soma Ali, Roman Pinchuk, Raheem and Hector Quintanilla.
From Hognoses to Spider Tails: 6 Sublime SnakesSnakes aren’t just muscle-y danger noodles. They're extremely diverse, and some have really weird, unique adaptations that we could all probably appreciate a little more.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Why You Should Never Put Tomatoes in the Fridge!Without refrigerators, we'd have spoiled milk, moldy cheese, and warm sodas. However, there are some foods that don't fare so well in a chilly fridge, including tomatoes.
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
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Sources:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10270.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925521410002668
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/flavor
https://flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13411-014-0028-3
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/03/human-nose-can-detect-trillion-smells
https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-tomatoes-refrigerator-taste-20161017-snap-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-summer-fruits-refrigerate-20150608-story.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442389700032
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04355
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/cold-storage-affects-the-volatile-profile-and-expression-of-a-putative-b5C8S6sCBY
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38521-x
We Can Cure Ebola! (Mostly—Which Is Better Than Rarely) | SciShow NewsWe’ve made a lot of progress recently in curing two deadly diseases that have been difficult to treat!
Hosted by: Hank Green
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----------
Sources:
Ebola
https://www.who.int/health-topics/ebola/
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03719586
https://www.wired.com/story/ebola-is-now-curable-heres-how-the-new-treatments-work/?verso=true
https://www.wired.com/story/an-ebola-vaccine-gets-its-first-real-world-test/
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/clinical-trial-investigational-ebola-treatments-begins-democratic-republic-congo
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004219302287
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309918303979
Neural Networks and Deep Learning: Crash Course AI #3You can learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/crashcourse.
Today, we're going to combine the artificial neuron we created last week into an artificial neural network. Artificial neural networks are better than other methods for more complicated tasks like image recognition, and the key to their success is their hidden layers. We'll talk about how the math of these networks work and how using many hidden layers allows us to do deep learning. Neural networks are really powerful at finding patterns in data which is why they've become one of the most dominant machine learning technologies used today.
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Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Timothy J Kwist, Brian Thomas Gossett, Haxiang N/A Liu, Jonathan Zbikowski, Siobhan Sabino, Zach Van Stanley, Bob Doye, Jennifer Killen, Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Erika & Alexa Saur, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, David Noe, Shawn Arnold, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Why Some Days Aren’t 24 HoursCheck out the "What is a Day?" interactive video at https://labs.minutelabs.io/what-is-a-day/
It's super cool!! (and made by Jasper Palfree & the MinuteEarth/MinutePhysics team)
The MinutePhysics video about Why December Has the Longest Days: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZMMuv0Ltyo
This video is about the length of a solar day vs a stellar day vs a mean standard day, what they all have to do with each other and the earth's orbit, eccentricity, axial tilt, and so on. Also, aliens and asteroids. It'll explain the equation of time, and why the longest day is in December. The lab will also show you what days are like on all the other planets - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and even - though it's not a planet - Pluto.
Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics
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Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
Why Don't We Have Cancer-Sniffing Dogs?There are a lot of stories out there about dogs who seemed to smell lung cancer on their owner’s breath, and a recent study found that some dogs can detect lung cancer in blood samples with astonishing accuracy. So why aren’t there domestic dogs trained to detect cancer in every hospital on the planet?
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.americanveterinarian.com/news/cancersniffing-dogs-where-are-we-today
https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2019/03/28/scientists-discover-the-chemicals-behind-the-unique-parkinsons-smell
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190408114304.htm
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323620.php
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012770
http://flipper.diff.org/app/items/6954
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/1/1105/htm
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/mammograms/limitations-of-mammograms.html
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/if-dogs-can-smell-cancer-why-dont-they-screen-people/?redirect=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6042482/
https://www.popsci.com/problem-with-cancer-sniffing-dogs
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26472225
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069602#B3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5087496/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323620.php
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/34/1/261
http://goodcanineacademy.org/index.php/cancer-sniffing-dogs/
https://www.thelungcancerproject.org/screening/?c=ale-16aa37935e0&gclid=CjwKCAjw8-LnBRAyEiwA6eUMGng06lXr7I_7TO2FyoBrBF7YygjIlxV6R5E2_svS-ONiltY2k-9hxRoCiHEQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-a-Biomarker.aspx
Amazing Graphs III - NumberphileFeaturing Neil Sloane from the OEIS. Full "Amazing Graphs Trilogy" and extras at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5AfwLFPxWLkoPqhxvuA8183hh1rBnGM
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Neil Sloane is founder of the OEIS: https://oeis.org
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Amazing Graphs
Part 1: https://youtu.be/pAMgUB51XZA
Part 2: https://youtu.be/o8c4uYnnNnc
Part 3: https://youtu.be/j0o-pMIR8uk
Extra Bit: https://youtu.be/4x2kdLFUSvM
Sequences featured in this video include...
Stern's: https://oeis.org/A002487
Hofstadter's: https://oeis.org/A005185
And Remy's: https://oeis.org/A279125
Thanks Patrons: Arjun Chakroborty, Ben Delo, Jeff Straathof, Jeremy Buchanan, Andy, Yana Chernobilsky, Christian Cooper, Ken Baron, Bill Shillito, Nat Tyce, Ben, Bernd Sing, Dr Jubal John, Tom Buckingham, Giuseppe Bonaccorso, Adam Gold, Andrei M Burke, Adam Savage, Matthew Schuster, Matheson Bayley, James Bissonette, Robert Donato, john buchan, Steve Crutchfield, Jon Padden, Valentin-Eugen Dobrota, Eric Mumford, Charles Southerland, Arnas, Ian George Walker, Jerome Froelich, Tracy Parry, George Greene, Igor Sokolov, Alfred Wallace, Jussi Suontausta, Bodhisattva Debnath.
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A day in the life of a Cossack warrior - Alex GendlerJoin the Cossack soldier Stepan as he tries to keep order in the battalion and help his people regain their independence.
--
The year is 1676, and a treaty has officially ended hostilities between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. Despite a serene sunset on the Dnipro river, the mood is tense for the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Renowned as one of Europe’s most formidable military forces, they are in the midst of a power struggle. Alex Gendler outlines a day in the life of a Cossack soldier.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by WOW-HOW Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Katrina Harding, Gerald Onyango, alessandra tasso, Astia Rizki Safitri, Côme Vincent, Antony Lee, Melissa Sorrells, Rakshit Kothari, Doreen Reynolds-Consolati, Simon Holst Ravn, Manognya Chakrapani, Ayala Ron, Samantha Chow, Philippe Spoden, Phyllis Dubrow, Michelle Stevens-Stanford, Cas Jamieson, Ophelia Gibson Best, Amber Wood, Paul Schneider, Jun Cai, Tim Robinson, Henrique 'Sorín' Cassús, cnorahs, Lyn-z Schulte, Elaine Fitzpatrick, Karthik Cherala, Clarence E. Harper Jr., Milad Mostafavi, Аркадий Скайуокер, Kiara Taylor, Louisa Lee, eden sher, Vignan Velivela, Sage Curie, Srikote Naewchampa, Tejas Dc, Khalifa Alhulail, Faiza Imtiaz, Martin Stephen, Jerome Froelich, Dan Paterniti, Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Mullaiarasu Sundaramurthy, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Caleb ross, Duo Xu, Quinn Shen, Marvin Vizuett and Sid.
Mimics, Twins, and Doppelgӓngers... Obviously | SciShow Quiz ShowThis video was sponsored by Battle for Cattle. Play the game online at http://battleforcattle.com or download it for iOS in Apple’s App Store and Android in Google’s Play Store.
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Two bespectacled science YouTubers enter, one bespectacled science YouTuber leaves ... because while they may look suspiciously alike, Joe Hanson has his own channels while Hank’s gonna stick around here. The only question is who will return to their home territory with a well-earned sense of victory?
Find more of Joe at https://youtube.com/HotMessPBS & https://youtube.com/itsokaytobesmart
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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----------
Sources:
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160712-you-are-surprisingly-likely-to-have-a-living-doppelganger
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26441304
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-twins-study-results-published-in-science
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6436/eaau8650
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5355814/
http://www2.linnaeus.uu.se/online/pharm/kaffete.html
https://books.google.com/books?id=YdpL2YCGLVYC&lpg=PA93&ots=s4ErkJMmca&dq=gustav%2520iii%2520coffee&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=gustav%2520iii%2520coffee&f=false
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919929/
https://www.thelocal.se/20180702/why-coffee-was-banned-in-sweden-five-times
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1701313
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/doctors-identify-very-rare-semi-identical-twins-180971594/
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/16/science/mimicking-a-caterpillar-to-avoid-detection.html?ref=science&_r=0
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1086/679106.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aa6d7dc7eb5de05a4d3d272828e568168
https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/cinmou1/overview
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/science-sushi/2016/10/06/donald-trump-caterpillar/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00338-011-0855-y
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3067542.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A742b6462654a6ddae540cd15c182b1bb
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/01/120105-fish-mimics-octopus-kopp-science/
----------
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laniocera_hypopyrra_-_Cinereous_Mourner.JPG
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southern_Flannel_Moth_caterpillar_-_Megalopyge_opercularis,_Merrimac_Farm_Wildlife_Management_Area,_Aden,_Virginia.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mimic_Octopus_7.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_and_Scott_Kelly_at_the_Johnson_Space_Center,_Houston_Texas.jpg
So, You Have an Idea: Crash Course Business - Entrepreneurship #2So, where do ideas come from? And what do you do with them once you have them? In this episode of Crash Course Entrepreneurship, Anna helps to answer these questions (and more) as we figure out what we need to do to launch our business.
***
Sources:
Business Model Canvas: https://www.strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas
https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-five-stages-of-successful-innovation/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/where-do-new-ideas-come-from-180965202/
https://www.blackstonelaunchpad.org/
https://www.brainpickings.org/
https://complexly.com/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEENIZgscDw
https://www.1millioncups.com/present
https://www.blackstonelaunchpad.org/
https://www.ceo.com/leadership/16-founder-stories-behind-famous-companies
***
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22 Weird Old Jobs From 100 Years AgoDo you know which old job involved looking for valuables in the sewer? Have you ever seen a war tuba? In this episode of The List Show, Erin (@erincmccarthy) breaks down 22 weird jobs from 100 years ago.
Bored projectionists and human computers will want to watch. You’ll learn why teenage boys didn’t last as switchboard operators and the critical role big sticks played in the turn-of-the-century economy.
In case you forgot, The List Show is a trivia-tastic, fact-filled show for curious people. Subscribe here for new List Show episodes the first and third Wednesday of each month: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5qUqpW4hW4zdfuBxMSJA?sub_confirmation=1
For more weird old jobs, check out our article, 10 Odd Jobs of Yesteryear: http://mentalfloss.com/article/61850/10-odd-jobs-yesteryear
![The Future of the Channel, and You. [Walk with Grey vlog]](https://img.youtube.com/vi/aN44ETT6mUY/mqdefault.jpg)
