We Solved the Mystery of the Dying BirdsSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
Across the southeastern United States, bald eagles have been dying unexplainedly for the past 25 years. In March of 2021, researchers announced that they had found the killer, and they hope we can use this knowledge to better protect eagles and the ecosystems they depend on.
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Sources:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030098589803500602 (1998)
https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/38/4/678/122768/EPIZOOTIOLOGIC-STUDIES-OF-AVIAN-VACUOLAR (2002)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tox.20111 (2005)
https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.181.5.1 (2014)
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-03/mh-wik031921.php
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6536/eaax9050 (2021)
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac990998k (fancy mass spec)
Why was India split into two countries? - Haimanti RoyDig into the 1947 Partition of India, when Britain split the region into two states, India and Pakistan, and the mass migrations and violence that followed.
--
In 1947, the British viceroy announced that after 200 years of British rule, India would gain independence and be partitioned into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. What followed was one of the largest and bloodiest forced migrations in history: an estimated 1 million people lost their lives. What caused this violent aftermath? Haimanti Roy details the lasting legacies of the Partition of India.
Lesson by Haimanti Roy, directed by Jagriti Khirwar & Raghav Arumugam.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Vedasheersh, Michael Chang, Waqar Sheikh, Alexander Gruber, Irene Y., Kate Sem, VPpurplebelt, Ujjwal Dasu, Theunis Groenewald, Minh Quan Dinh, Sylvain, Can Aydogmus, JasonD, Terran Gimpel, Gareth Thomas, Talia Sari, Phan Quang Lam, Katie McDowell, Allen, Sarat Chandra Vegunta, Mahina Bachiller, Bruce Vieira Lopes, Charmaine Hanson, Paul Aldred-Bann, Thawsitt, Jezabel, Abdullah Abdulaziz, Adriano Fontes, Xiao Yu, Melissa Suarez, SpartacusDMR, Brian A. Dunn, Francisco Amaya, Daisuke Goto, Matt Switzler, Leonardo Monrroy, Sumedh Ghaisas, Maryam, Bethany Connor, Jeremy Shimanek, Mark Byers, Avinash Amarnath, Xuebicoco, Rare Media, Rayo, Po Foon Kwong, NinjaBoffin, Jesse Jurman, Josue Perez Miranda and Scott Markley.
4 Weird Unsolved Mysteries of MathThere are lots of unsolved mysteries in the world of math, and many of them start off with a deceptively simple premise, like: What's the biggest couch you can slide around a 90-degree corner?
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
Moving sofa
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2028218
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2028150?seq=1
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2977022?origin=crossref
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02414066
https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/math/a25808/moving-sofa-problem/
https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~romik/movingsofa/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000187081830416X
The Volume of a Sphere - NumberphileJohnny Ball discusses Archimedes and the volume of a sphere.
Check out https://www.kiwico.com/Numberphile and get 50% off your first month of any subscription (sponsor)
More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
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We are also supported by Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation initiative dedicated to engaging everyone with the process of science. https://www.simonsfoundation.org/outreach/science-sandbox/
And support from Math For America - https://www.mathforamerica.org/
Brady's latest videos across all channels: http://www.bradyharanblog.com/
Sign up for (occasional) emails: http://eepurl.com/YdjL9
Our Boats Are Changing the TideWe often think of the ocean’s tide as a simple rise and fall, connected to the motion of the Moon. But on any given shore, the reality is much more complex and oceanic scientists have realized recently that there’s another, more surprising factor in play.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Sources:
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides08_othereffects.html
https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/15cspa_mega-ships.pdf
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GL069494
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/10/eabe2412.full
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018RG000636
https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/Techrpt_092_2019_State_of_US_High_Tide_Flooding_with_a_2020_Outlook_30June2020.pdf
https://toolkit.climate.gov/case-studies/minimizing-impacts-coastal-flooding-helps-city-prepare-sea-level-rise
An Unexpected Tool to Track Ancient Civilizations...BacteriaThanks to Morning Brew for sponsoring today’s video. Sign up for FREE today: http://cen.yt/mbscishow
Scientists have used a bacteria that commonly infects us to track how ancient humans spread to the Americas from Siberia. And other scientists have discovered a new species of hyrax in the forests of Africa by listening to their barks and shrieks.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2021-06/yu-bit061021.php
https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab029/6299316?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2021-06/uow-emo061021.php
https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2015523118
Phillis Wheatley: Crash Course Black American History #7Despite all the hardship of being a Black person in Colonial America, some Black people were able to defy the harsh conditions and create art. Today we're learning about a teenager who attained literacy and wrote poems that reached a large slice of the population and helped changed the ways that white Colonists thought about Black people.
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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VIDEO SOURCES
-Catherine Adams and Elizabeth H. Pleck, Love of Freedom: Black Women in Colonial and Revolutionary New England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
-Vincent Carretta, Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2011).
-Woody Holton, Black Americans in the Revolutionary Era: A Brief History with Documents (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2009).
·-Winthrop D. Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1969).
-Jessica M. Parr, Inventing George Whitefield: Race, Revivalism, and the Making of a Religious Icon (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi Press, 2015).
-THE BAD-ASS LIBRARIANS OF TIMBUKTU, (2017), https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Bad-Ass-Librarians-of-Timbuktu/Joshua-Hammer/9781476777412 (last visited Oct 14, 2020).
ORAL EPICS FROM AFRICA :VIBRANT VOICES FROM A VAST CONTINENT /, (c1997), http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.32106014509043.
-Claude Sumner, The Light and the Shadow: Zera Yacob and Walda Heywat: Two Ethiopian Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century 172–182 (2005).
-On the Death of George Whitefield by Phillis Wheatley Analysis & Poem, , POEM OF QUOTES: READ, WRITE, LEARN , https://www.poemofquotes.com/philliswheatley/on-the-death-of-george-whitefield.php (last visited Oct 22, 2020).
-Waddill v. Chamberlayne, 1735 Va. LEXIS 3 (Apr. 1, 1735).
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#crashcourse #history #philliswheatley
1 year old puppy = 30 year old human #shortsA new study finds that dog years don’t work like we thought they did. #shorts
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REFERENCES
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Wang et al. (2020). Quantitative Translation of Dog-to-Human Aging by Conserved Remodeling of the DNA Methylome. Cell Systems. 11, 176–185. Retrieved from: https://www.cell.com/cell-systems/fulltext/S2405-4712%2820%2930203-9
What few people know about the program that "saved" America - Meg JacobsExplore the successes and failures of FDR’s New Deal, a set of legislation during the Great Depression which aimed to save the US economy.
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In 1932, one in four Americans was unemployed, marking the highest unemployment rate in the country’s history. The Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt promised a New Deal— a comprehensive set of legislation to support struggling citizens and put the country back to work. Meg Jacobs digs into the policies of this bold campaign and how it didn’t fully live up to its promises.
Lesson by Meg Jacobs, directed by Anton Bogaty.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jesse Lira, Ezekiel Raui, Itay Levi, Zongpu Kou, Cameron Chakraverty, Petr Vacek, Rhys Patterson, Dennis, Olivia Fu, Katrina Adams, Regina Post, Mary Collins, Kari Teffeau, clumsybunnie, Adam Leos, Jeremy Laurin, Cindy Lai, Liz , Bhargav Pandravada, Rajath Durgada Manjunath, Dan Nguyen, sarim haq, Chin Beng Tan, Alejandro Gomez, Tom Boman, Karen Warner, Isorn Sookwanish, Iryna Panasiuk, Diane Gallin, Aaron Torres, Vasundhar, Eric Braun, Denka Wee, Daru Bhargav, Sonja Worzewski, Amy, Michael Clement, Ghaith Tarawneh, Nathan Milford, Tomas Beckett, Alice Ice, Eric Berman, Kurt Paolo Sevillano, Xavi Ramos, Ron Kakar, Jennifer Heald, flóra lili donáti, Megulo Abebe, TAO7 HORUS and isolwi.
Living Fossils Are Dead! Long Live Living FossilsSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
Scientists are looking to end how we categorize living fossils, and in doing so, give the phrase new life.
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The Interesting Etymology Behind 70 WordsEtymology is not an exact science, but the stories behind word origins and etymologies can still teach us a lot. In this episode of The List Show, Erin breaks down the interesting etymology of 70 words, from vaccine to science.
You'll learn the etymology of vaccine and much more.
In case you forgot, The List Show is a trivia-tastic, fact-filled show for curious people. Subscribe here for new Mental Floss episodes every Wednesday: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5qUqpW4hW4zdfuBxMSJA?sub_confirmation=1
The Longest-Running Evolution ExperimentIf you ran evolution all over again, would you get humans? How repeatable is #evolution? This video is sponsored by @BountyBrand. #biology #science #QPU #HygieneBeginswithBounty #BountyPartner
Special thanks to Prof. Richard Lenski and team for showing me around the lab — it is an honor to be able to witness and document such a historic science experiment.
Thanks to Dr Zachary Blount for the help with research and setting up the competition time-lapse, Dr Nkrumah Grant for microscope images of the long-term line cells @NkrumahGrant
Devin Lake, Kate Bellgowan, and Dr. Minako Izutsu for being part of this video. Long Live the LTEE!
LTEE website — http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/index.html
Intro footage courtesy of the Kishony Lab — https://kishony.technion.ac.il
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References:
Lenski, R. E., & Travisano, M. (1994). Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation experiment with bacterial populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(15), 6808-6814. — https://ve42.co/Lenski1994
Lenski, R. E., Rose, M. R., Simpson, S. C., & Tadler, S. C. (1991). Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations. The American Naturalist, 138(6), 1315-1341. — https://ve42.co/Lenski1991
Good, B. H., McDonald, M. J., Barrick, J. E., Lenski, R. E., & Desai, M. M. (2017). The dynamics of molecular evolution over 60,000 generations. Nature, 551(7678), 45-50. — https://ve42.co/Good2017
Blount, Z. D., Borland, C. Z., & Lenski, R. E. (2008). Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(23), 7899-7906. — https://ve42.co/Blount2008
Blount, Z. D., Lenski, R. E., & Losos, J. B. (2018). Contingency and determinism in evolution: Replaying life’s tape. Science, 362(6415). — https://ve42.co/Blount2018
Wiser, M. J., Ribeck, N., & Lenski, R. E. (2013). Long-term dynamics of adaptation in asexual populations. Science, 342(6164), 1364-1367. — https://ve42.co/Wiser2013
N, Scharping. (2019). How a 30-Year Experiment Has Fundamentally Changed Our View of How Evolution Works. Discover — https://ve42.co/Scharping
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Vsauce Office Tour 1 #shortsA #short peak into our office. More to come!!
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How Earth Recycled a Mountain RangeGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try out Brilliant’s Daily Challenges. Sign up now and get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
Mountains take can take billions of years to form, but the Adirondack Mountains got ahead by recycling itself.
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What is Soil (and Why is it Important)?: Crash Course Geography #17Soil brings together all four spheres of physical geography, and understanding soil composition is kind of like baking! So in today's episode, we're going to show you how to create the perfect soil cake, examine its different soil horizons, and then take you on a trip along the 20th meridian from the Congo to northern Europe to show you how the composition of soil varies dramatically with the environment. Soils are the foundation of life on Earth, from the local ecosystems of plants and animals to the crops we grow and food we eat, so it is up to us to care for it as we decide how to manage our land and resources.
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A brief history of toilets - Francis de los ReyesExplore the history of the toilet and how waste management has evolved from from ancient Mesopotamia to modern day.
--
On sunny days, citizens of ancient Rome could be found exchanging news and gossip while attending to more urgent business at the public latrines. Today, most cultures consider trips to the restroom to be a more private occasion. But even when going alone, our shared sewage infrastructure is one of the most pivotal inventions in human history. Francis de los Reyes shares the history of the toilet.
Lesson by Francis de los Reyes, directed by Igor Coric, Artrake Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Kyle Nguyen, Jason A Saslow, MJ Tan Mingjie, Dawn Jordan, Prasanth Mathialagan, Samuel Doerle, David Rosario, Siamak H, Manav parmar, David Lucsanyi, Anthony Kudolo, Ryohky Araya, Mayank Kaul, Eduardo Briceño, Christophe Dessalles, Heather Slater, Yuh Saito, Fabian Amels, Sandra Tersluisen, Zhexi Shan, Bárbara Nazaré, Andrea Feliz, Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora Slydell, Noel Situ, emily lam, Sid, Kent Logan, Alexandra Panzer, Jay M, Constantino Victor Delgado, Andrea Galvagni, Andrew Tweddle, Laurel-Ann Rice, Fernando A. Endo, Courtney Marcott, Anna-Alicia Brooks, Mustafa, Helen Lee, pam morgan, sarim haq, Juan Pablo Rodriguez Morales, ANNE FINE, Gerardo Castro, Siddharth Toshniwal, Justice Boehmer, Michel-Ange Hortegat, Enes Kirimi and Amaury BISIAUX BISIAUX.
Farts Are Limitless #shortsbe careful what you blow out your #shorts
Jeans escape diagram from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape#/media/File:Jeans_escape.png
Earth oxygen on the moon:
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/01/earth-sending-oxygen-moon
https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/oxygen-from-the-earth-may-be-rusting-the-moons-surface/#:~:text=Scientists%20think%20the%20Earth's%20oxygen,Moon%20for%20billions%20of%20years.&text=But%20the%20surface%20and%20interior,returned%20from%20the%20Apollo%20missions.
The Brewer Who Secretly Revolutionized Statistics | Great Minds: William GossetSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
When you have a study with a small sample size, how do you know that the results represent the broader population? Well, thanks to a brewer who needed to assess beer quality in the early 1900s, we now have a simple statistical test that lets us do just that!
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Sources:
https://www.physoc.org/magazine-articles/the-strange-origins-of-the-students-t-test/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7466055/
https://currentprotocols.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cpmc.91
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.22.4.199
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2331554?casa_token=1652dnOSNrEAAAAA%3AI4iWjKpCkwXkSrqiwVAsbsNLTbf6GInl0s3VM9sgZ1G-bYeUzEwaUHM3AzY0_m5SiIRrloH22n0dsDT7ShPAUie65cFhRoO-pWIXfzENzFG7HUKO7FE-&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
Hidden Dice Faces - NumberphileFeaturing Ben Sparks. More links & stuff in full description below ↓↓↓
Check out Brilliant (get 20% off their premium service): https://brilliant.org/numberphile (sponsor)
This is the first of a trilogy of dice tricks with Ben Sparks... More to come soon...
Martin Gardner called this trick "Hummer's Die Mystery" and attributed it to Bob Hummer in 1952.
More dice videos from Numberphile: http://bit.ly/Dice_Videos
Ben Sparks: https://www.bensparks.co.uk
More Ben Sparks on Numberphile: http://bit.ly/Sparks_Playlist
More Audrey: https://youtu.be/s84dBopsIe4
Numberphile is supported by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI): http://bit.ly/MSRINumberphile
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Brady's latest videos across all channels: http://www.bradyharanblog.com/
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Announcing the Crash Course CoinsYou can get your coin through June 25th at https://www.CrashCourseCoin.com
Thank you all for being a part of this truly wonderful project. If you're seeing this video, we know it's because you care. It's important to us that you know that the goal of this project is for people who can to pay so that those who cannot don't have to! If you're seeing this, we know you care greatly about our work.
Music for this video from:
Risen https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFO_-ChK8-KO5-iBxxh1hXQAnd
I also used the piano from this "how to play the crash course theme" video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K22SAGiQ0MY
Coin minting by Shire Post Mint: https://www.shirepost.com/
Video narrated and edited by Hank Green
***
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The sharks that hunt in forests - Luka Seamus WrightDiscover the unique adaptations of marine forests, the ecosystems that provide food and shelter for sharks and diverse coastal species.
--
Forests don’t usually come to mind as a habitat for sharks. But marine forests provide a home for 35% of the world’s sharks. Mangrove forests in particular function as an essential bridge between land and sea and have evolved various adaptations that protect them and their resident sharks. Luka Seamus Wright explores these unique and vital ecosystems.
Lesson by Luka Seamus Wright, directed by William Cifuentes, Lucy Animation Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Rebecca Reineke, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Yvette Mocete, Cyrus Garay, Samuel Barbas, Brighteagle, LadyGeek, Curtis Light, Dwight Schrute, Dianne Palomar, Marin Kovachev, Fahad Nasser Chowdhury, Penelope Misquitta, Hans Peng, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Sunny Patel, Hoai Nam Tran, Stina Boberg, Kack-Kyun Kim, Michael Braun-Boghos, Ken, zjweele13, Jurjen Geleijn, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Edla Paniguel, Elena Crescia, Thomas Mungavan, Jaron Blackburn, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, ReuniteKorea, Aaron Henson, Rohan Gupta, Begum Tutuncu, Ever Granada, Mikhail Shkirev, Brian Richards, Cindy O., Jørgen Østerpart, Tyron Jung, Carolyn Corwin, Carsten Tobehn, Katie Dean, Ezgi Yersu, Gerald Onyango, alessandra tasso and Côme Vincent.
The Fart Limit #shortsThere's a limit to the power of what you can blow out your #shorts
How Does Film ACTUALLY Work? (It's MAGIC) [Photos and Development] - Smarter Every Day 258For 50% off your first month of any subscription crate from KiwiCo (available in 40 countries!) head to https://kiwico.com/Smarter50
Indie Film Lab : https://www.indiefilmlab.com/
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Film affiliate link :
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Start your film camera hunt here : https://www.ebay.com/b/Film-Cameras/15230/bn_80709
Remember to ask your family members if they have old film cameras and see if you can get them working!
Here is a good start to help you start shooting film : https://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/how-to-shoot-film.htm
Facebook marketplace is a good start for film cameras as well.
KEH Camera
https://www.keh.com/shop/accessories/camera-accessories/film.html?utm_source=Affiliates&utm_medium=SAS&utm_content=889257&utm_campaign=599431&sscid=61k5_f297s
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DNA: Not Just for Life Anymore!Our DNA stores the information that makes us who we are, but that's not all it can do! There are applications for DNA that go way beyond its use for life, like storing data and folding it into complicated shapes.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Alisa Sherbow, Silas Emrys, Drew Hart. Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Adam Brainard, Nazara, GrowingViolet, Ash, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer, Jason A Saslow
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Sources:
Biological computers
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dna-data-storage-is-closer-than-you-think/
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/004485qm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714485/
https://news.mit.edu/2016/programming-language-living-cells-bacteria-0331
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/03/dna-could-store-all-worlds-data-one-room
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6328/950
https://jbioleng.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13036-019-0211-2
Why Are Periodical Cicadas So ... Periodical?SciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
Certain cicada species in North America emerge from the ground by the millions every 13 or 17 years. But why those specific intervals? Are cicadas secretly prime-number-loving mathematicians?!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/04-1175
https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/104/3/443/22755
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/36/6/1187/5372347
https://www.pnas.org/content/110/17/6919
https://peerj.com/articles/5282/
https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/10-1583.1
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/668596?seq=1
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2463533?seq=1
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-are-cicadas-180975009/
https://www.aimsciences.org/journals/displayArticlesnew.jsp?paperID=512
The Stono Rebellion: Crash Course Black American History #6Enslaved people resisted their condition in a range of different ways. Oftentimes those ways were small and personal. There were also times when that resistance took on larger, more dramatic forms, like with slave uprisings and rebellions. Today, we'll learn about the Stono Rebellion, which was an uprising led by enslaved people in South Carolina in 1784. We'll also talk about ways that enslaved people resisted in general and methods like enforced illiteracy used by those who sought to keep people in bondage.
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Vincent, Emilee Murphy, Michael Wang, Jordan willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
Sources and References
-Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.
-Winthrop Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968, reprinted in 2012)
-Peter Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1974).
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#crachcourse #history #rebellion
Best Nap Ever: Rotifers Wake Up After 24,000 YearsThis episode is brought to you by the song Like This -- Patrick Olsen’s new single. It’s available now on all streaming services.https://streamlink.to/like-this
Tiny creatures called rotifers seem to have no problem continuing their lives after waking from a refreshing 24,000-year nap. And DNA samples from goats that lived 30,000 years ago tell us a bit about how humans were managing them back then.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2021-06/cp-arl060221.php
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00624-2
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/mammoths
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/dec/30/siberia-permafrost-yields-well-preserved-ice-age-woolly-rhino
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-roundworms-allegedly-resurrected-russian-permafrost-180969782/
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2021-06/tcd-1dp060321.php
https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2100901118
Why Animals Keep Self-AmputatingGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try out Brilliant’s Daily Challenges. Sign up now and get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
Some lizards will lose a tail to avoid becoming a meal, but there's more than one reason for animals to self-amputate.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
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Sources:
Can you trust your memory? - Sheila Marie OrfanoExplore the Rashomon effect, where individuals give significantly different but equally believable accounts of the same event.
--
A samurai is found dead in a quiet bamboo grove. One by one, the crime’s only known witnesses recount their version of the events. But as they each tell their tale, it becomes clear that every testimony is plausible yet different. And each witness implicates themselves. What’s going on? Sheila Marie Orfano explores the phenomenon of warring perspectives known as the Rashomon effect.
Lesson by Sheila Marie Orfano, directed by Jeremiah Dickey.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Doreen Reynolds-Consolati, Manognya Chakrapani, Ayala Ron, Samantha Chow, Eunsun Kim, Phyllis Dubrow, Ophelia Gibson Best, Paul Schneider, Joichiro Yamada, Henrique 'Sorín' Cassús, Lyn-z Schulte, Elaine Fitzpatrick, Karthik Cherala, Clarence E. Harper Jr., Clarissa Bartolini-Toro, Vignan Velivela, Ana Maria, Exal Enrique Cisneros Tuch, Srikote Naewchampa, Tejas Dc, Khalifa Alhulail, Martin Stephen, Dan Paterniti, Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Jayant Sahewal, Mandeep Singh, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Morgan Williams, Kris Siverhus, Devin Harris, Pavel Zalevskiy, Karen Goepen-Wee, Filip Dabrowski, Barbara Smalley, Megan Douglas, Tim Leistikow, Renhe Ji, Maya Toll, Ka-Hei Law, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Mark Morris, Misaki Sato, EdoKun, Boytsov Ilya, SookKwan Loong, Bev Millar, Lex Azevedo, Noa Shore and sarim haq.
Why You Always Have Room for Dessert, and Other Common Experiences Explained | CompilationDid you know we have a whole channel dedicated to the human mind, people and interactions between people? It’s called SciShow Psych! And here is a compilation of five videos from that channel explaining some common experiences you may have wondered about before.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
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Misconceptions About The RenaissanceThe Renaissance gave us the Mona Lisa, the telescope, and the Sistine Chapel. But who is the Mona Lisa actually a painting of? And did Galileo really invent the telescope? And be honest, do you picture Michelangelo painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel... on his back? We've got some centuries-old myths to debunk, let's get started.
Let's reshape how we think about this important cultural movement. Join host Justin Dodd in an endless pursuit of the truth.
Subscribe here for new Mental Floss episodes every Wednesday: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpZ5...
Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions - Hydrates, Acetals, & Imines: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #29We’ve already learned the basics of carbonyl chemistry and talked about how we can synthesize aldehydes and ketones, but there’s still so much more to learn, like the role carbonyl groups play in reactions involving sedatives! In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry we’re diving deeper into aldehydes and ketones by focusing on addition reactions of oxygen and nitrogen based nucleophiles. We’ll cover hydrates, acetals and hemiacetals, imines and enamines, and more!
Episode Sources:
io9. 2020. This Is The Drug In The Rolling Stones' Song "Mother's Little Helper". [online] Available at: https://io9.gizmodo.com/this-is-the-drug-in-the-rolling-stones-song-mothers-li-1693032181
Bionity.com. 2020. Mickey_Finn_(Drugs). [online] Available at: https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Mickey_Finn_%28drugs%29.html#The_Chicago_bartender_Michael_.22Mickey.22_Finn
Chm.bris.ac.uk. 2020. Ninhydrin - Molecule Of The Month - April 2018. [online] Available at: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ninhydrin/ninhydrinh.htm
Ewan, H.S., Iyer, K., Hyun, S.H., Wleklinski, M., Cooks, R.G. and Thompson, D.H., 2017. Multistep flow synthesis of diazepam guided by droplet-accelerated reaction screening with mechanistic insights from rapid mass spectrometry analysis. Organic Process Research & Development, 21(10), pp.1566-1570.
Series Sources:
Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.
Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.
Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.
Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014.
Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.
Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.
McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.
Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.
Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.
***
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We don't know what a tree is (and this video won't tell you)Offset your carbon footprint with Wren! They'll protect 5 extra acres of rainforest for each of the first 100 people who sign up at https://www.wren.co/join/minuteearth.
It turns out that defining what is and isn't a “tree” is way harder than it seems.
LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Wood: A bunch of cellulose fibers intertwined with lignin usually found in the trunk of a tree.
Trunk: A wooden stem that thickens over time.
Bonsai: An ornamental tree or shrub that is artificially prevented from reaching its normal size.
Shrub: A woody plant that is smaller than a tree.
Gymnosperm: A group of plants, including conifers, that have naked seeds.
Angiosperm: A group of plants, including lots of other “trees” that have enclosed seeds.
Monocots: A group of flowering plants - mostly angiosperms - with a single embryonic leaf that includes palm trees.
Dicots: A group of flowering plants - mostly angiosperms - with two embryonic leaves that includes oak trees.
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REFERENCES
**************
Georg Miehe, Sabine Miehe, Jonas Vogel, Sonam Co, Duo La. (2007) "Highest Treeline in the Northern Hemisphere Found in Southern Tibet," Mountain Research and Development, 27(2), 169-173. Retrieved from: https://bioone.org/journals/mountain-research-and-development/volume-27/issue-2/mrd.0792/Highest-Treeline-in-the-Northern-Hemisphere-Found-in-Southern-Tibet/10.1659/mrd.0792.full#i0276-4741-27-2-169-b33
Ellenberg, H., Mueller-Dombois, D. (1965). A key to Raunkiaer plant life forms with revised subdivisions. Retrieved from: https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bgi-002%3A1965%3A37%3A%3A130
Alcott, D. (2019). Are palm trees really trees? That’s Life Science. Retrieved from: http://thatslifesci.com/2019-11-25-Are-palm-trees-really-trees-dalcott/
David B. Neale, Pedro J. Martínez-García, Amanda R. De La Torre, Sara Montanari, Xiao-Xin Wei. (2017). “Novel Insights into Tree Biology and Genome Evolution as Revealed Through Genomics.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 68:1, 457-483. Retrieved from: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041049?journalCode=arplant
Ehrenberg, Rachel. (2018). “What Makes A Tree A Tree?” Knowable Magazine. Retrieved from: https://knowablemagazine.org/article/living-world/2018/what-makes-tree-tree#:~:text=A%20banana%20tree%27s%20trunk%20doesn,cells%20typical%20of%20most%20trees
Ray, Georgia (2021). "There’s no such thing as a tree (phylogenetically)". Eukaryote Writes Blog. Retrieved from: https://eukaryotewritesblog.com/2021/05/02/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-tree/
Everest Doesn’t Always Feel Like the Tallest MountainMt Everest is unquestionably the highest point on earth, but it doesn't always feel that way.
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Sources:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101718
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO152830
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4175264/
https://www.npl.co.uk/resources/q-a/atmospheric-altitude-pressure-changes
http://www.meteo.psu.edu/wjs1/Meteo3/Html/pressure.htm
Ugly History: The U.S. Syphilis Experiment - Susan M. ReverbyDig into the unethical Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which spanned 40 years and lied to its participants about receiving treatment for syphilis.
--
Afflicting nearly 1 in 10 Americans, syphilis was ravaging the U.S. in the 1930s. Many doctors believed syphilis affected Black and white patients differently, and the Public Health Service launched an experiment to investigate, recruiting 600 Black men to take part. But the study was centered on a lie: the men wouldn’t actually receive treatment. Susan Reverby details the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.
Lesson by Susan M. Reverby, directed by Ouros Animation.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Po Foon Kwong, NinjaBoffin, Jesse Jurman, Josue Perez Miranda, Scott Markley, Elija Peterson, Ovidiu Mrd, Xavier dupont, paul g mohney, Aravind Battaje, Nathan Giusti, Helen Lee, Anthony Benedict, Karthik Balsubramanian, John Hong, Annastasshia Ames, Amy Lopez, Vinh-Thuy Nguyen, Liz Candee, Kathryn Vacha, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Anthony Arcis, Chung Wah Gnapp, Karmi Nguyen, Yelena Baykova, Harshita Jagdish Sahijwani, Nick Johnson, Carlos H. Costa, Roberto Patrick, Les Howard, Jennifer Kurkoski, Ryan B Harvey, Abhishek Bansal, Akinola Emmanuel, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Karl Laius, JY Kang, Heidi Stolt, Alexis Hevia, Christina Salvatore, Karlee Finch, Michael Goldberg, Denise A Pitts, Doug Henry, Kristiyan Bonev, Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov and Kyanta Yap.
Animal-Free Animal Products With Cellular AgricultureMany people are looking for ways to reduce their consumption of animal products. And these days, there are a ton of plant-based alternatives to help them do that. But many companies are working on ways to make animal-free animal products like meats, milk, and even egg whites. So, it may soon become possible to eat less meat without actually eating less meat!
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A day in the life of an Ancient Greek oracle - Mark RobinsonFollow Aristonike, an Oracle-in-training in Delphi, as she studies to become the Pythia and communicate Apollo’s will and prophecies.
--
As the sun rises over Delphi in 500 BCE, Aristonike hurries to the temple of Apollo where a single oracle known as the Pythia communicates Apollo’s will. Reserved only for women, this is the most important job in the city— and one that Aristonike will soon have to take on if city council officials decide she meets their standards. Mark Robinson outlines a day in the life of an Oracle-in-training.
Lesson by Mark Robinson, directed by WOW-HOW Studio.
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What Fake Fragrances Teach Us About SustainabilityHumans love to make perfumes and fragrances from the weirdest sources, And to protect those sources, we sometimes come up with synthetic alternatives....which then create their own sets of environmental problems.
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Why Do Flamingos Stand on One Leg?Go to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their Physics of the Everyday course. Sign up now and get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
It seems like kind of an awkward way to spend most of your time, but flamingos seem perfectly happy to hang out on one leg. For a long time, people assumed they were trying to conserve heat. But thanks to some unusual research, we now know the real reason!
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Sources:
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0948
https://www.eastshorevet.com/posts/why-does-your-cat-sit-in-a-bread-loaf-position
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.207.2.457
The Germantown Petition Against Slavery: Crash Course Black American History #5In 1688, in Pennsylvania, a group of four men created the Germantown Petition, which made the case that slavery was immoral, and that it was inconsistent with Christian beliefs in general, and Quaker beliefs specifically. While the petition wasn't ultimately adopted by the Quaker hierarchy, examining the document and its authors' goals gives us a better insight into slavery in the colonies and some of the earliest organized attempts at abolition.
Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is out now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935
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Vincent, Emilee Murphy, Michael Wang, Jordan willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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Sources and References
-Ira Berlin, “Slavery, Freedom, and Philadelphia’s Struggle for Brotherly Love, 1685 to 1861” in Richard Newman and James Mueller, eds., Antislavery and Abolition Philadelphia: Emancipation and the Long Struggle for Racial Justice in the City of Brotherly Love (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011).
-Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998).
-Robin Blackburn, The American Crucible: Slavery, Emancipation, and Human Rights (New York and London: Verso Books, 2015).
-Katherine Gerbner, “Antislavery in Print: The Germantown Protest, the ‘Exhortation,’ and the Seventeenth-Century Quaker Debate on Slavery,” Early American Studies, vol. 9, no.3 (Fall 2011): 552-75.
—- Christian Slavery: Conversion and Race in the Protestant Atlantic World. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018.
-Richard Newman and James Mueller, eds, Antislavery and Abolition Philadelphia: Emancipation and the Long Struggle for Racial Justice in the City of Brotherly Love. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2011.
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These Adorable Puppies Were Born Smart | SciShow NewsThis video was sponsored by Surfshark. Get Surfshark VPN at https://surfshark.deals/SciShow and enter promo code SciShow for 83% discount and 3 extra months for free!
It turns out that dogs are born with a lot of their ability to interact with people, and songbirds have to mute their minds to stay in sync during their quick back and forth duets.
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Thumbnail Credit: Canine Companions for Independence
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Sources:
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00602-3
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/03/these-adorable-puppies-may-help-explain-why-dogs-understand-our-body-language
Do You Need a Copper Pot?To discover more about Nature’s Fynd, visit https://naturesfynd.com. To learn about their remarkable nutritional fungi protein and fermentation process, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sodONlWRiE0.
Some chefs swear by copper pots and pans, but they are much more expensive than other materials. Are they worth it? Well, it all comes down to electrons!
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Why It's Good To Have A Weak HandWatch the new season of MinuteBody - and get access to both CuriosityStream and Nebula - at https://curiositystream.com/minuteearth.
We might have a strong hand because having a weak hand is actually useful.
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Handedness: the tendency to use one hand more than the other for specific tasks
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Peter Reich | Script Writer
Kate Yoshida | Narrator and Director
Sarah Berman | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Nathaniel Schroeder | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
https://neptunestudios.info
OUR STAFF
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Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius
David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez
Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich
Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida
Website | https://minuteearth.com
Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176
REFERENCES
**************
Chédotal A and LJ Richards. 2010. Wiring the brain: the biology of neuronal guidance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Jun; 2(6): a001917. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001917
Magat M and C Brown. 2009. Laterality enhances cognition in Australian parrots. Proc. R. Soc. B 276:4155-4162
Forrester GS, WD Hopkins, K Hudry, A Lindell (eds). 2018. Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases. Progress in Brain Research. Book series. Volume 238, Pages 2-433
Corballis MC (2014) Left Brain, Right Brain: Facts and Fantasies. PLoS Biol 12(1): e1001767. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001767
Why do we have hair in such random places? - Nina G. JablonskiDiscover how humans lost their fur as they evolved from primates, and why we still have hair on our bodies.
--
We have lots in common with our closest primate relatives. But comparatively, humans seem a bit… underdressed. Instead of thick fur covering our bodies, many of us mainly have hair on top of our heads— and a few other places. So, how did we get so naked? And why do we have hair where we do? Nina G. Jablonski explores the evolution of human hair.
Lesson by Nina G. Jablonski, directed by Igor Coric, Artrake Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Andrea Gordon, Aleksandar Donev, Nicole Klau Ibarra, Milo Vermeulen, Ryan Weiler, Jesse Lira, Ezekiel Raui, Itay Levi, Zongpu Kou, Cameron Chakraverty, Petr Vacek, Rhys Patterson, Dennis, Olivia Fu, Katrina Adams, Regina Post, Mary Collins, Kari Teffeau, clumsybunnie, Adam Leos, Jeremy Laurin, Cindy Lai, Liz, Bhargav Pandravada, Rajath Durgada Manjunath, Dan Nguyen, sarim haq, Chin Beng Tan, Alejandro Gomez, Tom Boman, Karen Warner, Isorn Sookwanish, Iryna Panasiuk, Diane Gallin, Aaron Torres, Vasundhar, Eric Braun, Denka Wee, Daru Bhargav, Sonja Worzewski, Amy, Michael Clement, Ghaith Tarawneh, Nathan Milford, Tomas Beckett, Alice Ice, Eric Berman, Kurt Paolo Sevillano, Xavi Ramos and Ron Kakar.
Planing Sequences (Le Rabot) - NumberphileFeaturing Neil Sloane from the OEIS - and his carpenter's plane.
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Why Some DNA Is SelfishYour DNA is a part of you, but it might not share your sense of who's numero uno.
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Why You Should Be Afraid Of NeedlesViral videos show people with "magnetic arms" after a vaccine, so what is GOING ON!?
The Reason Conspiracy Theories Work: https://youtu.be/tfVgHRPC7Ao
PODCAST on OUR VACCINE JOURNEY: https://youtu.be/b5NRK2rQK6U
Viral videos show people with magnetic arms after getting the COVID-19 vaccine. We explain the science behind what is going on, why needles scare people and how we come up with wild ways to justify our fear of needles. Billy Eilish got her vaccine in order to make her "lost cause" video, Logan Paul got it to fight, all your faves are getting it, but why are we still so scared?
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Here’s a thought: What IS a thought? I know it involves my brain, and my brain is made of neurons. And my brain’s neurons are listening to other neurons all over my body. But how do those neurons actually work? Maybe you’ve heard that it involves electricity, but does that mean you’ve got little zaps and lightning bolts running through your veins like Pikachu? Don’t worry, I’m here to set you straight on what a neuron is, what an action potential is, and how fast your nervous system really communicates.
Neuron spiker box from Backyard Brains (they didn’t sponsor this video in any way, but their kits are very educational!) https://backyardbrains.com/
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Is Contagious Yawning Essential to Survival?Why is yawning contagious? It might be your body trying to keep on the lookout for snakes.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780782/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-020-01462-4
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938419302665
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/22/well/live/why-do-we-yawn.html
https://apps.who.int/bloodproducts/snakeantivenoms/database/
Population & Food: Crash Course Geography #16Today we’re going to talk about the link between population and food energy. As the world's population keeps growing, finding ways to provide enough food and water for everyone while supporting a sustainable environment can be tricky! We'll take a closer look at food chains and how energy is transferred between different trophic levels, follow the trends in human consumption as incomes rise, and talk about the two types of overpopulation as they're related to the planet's carrying capacity.
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Vincent, Emilee Murphy, Michael Wang, Jordan willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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#CrashCourse #Geography #Food
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The epic of Gilgamesh, the king who tried to conquer death - Soraya Field FiorioDive into the Epic of Gilgamesh, and follow the king of Uruk on a series of dangerous quests as he searches for immortality.
--
In 1849, in the ancient city of Nineveh in Iraq, archaeologists sifted through dusty remains, hoping to find records to prove that Bible stories were true. What they found instead was a 4,000-year-old story inscribed on crumbling clay tablets— a story that was so riveting, the first person to translate it started stripping from excitement. Soraya Field Fiorio tells the epic tale of Gilgamesh.
Lesson by Soraya Field Fiorio, directed by Amir Houshang Moein.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Siddharth Toshniwal, Justice Boehmer, Michel-Ange Hortegat, Enes Kirimi, Amaury BISIAUX BISIAUX, Aravind C V, ND, Samyogita Hardikar, Vanessa Graulich, Vandana Gunwani, LvL042, Abdulmohsin Almadi, Andrew Brodski, John van den Berg, Anandha Krishnan, Geoffrey Bultitude, Mi Mi, Thomas Rothert, Christopher McVay, Izhari Ishak Aksa, Declan Manning, Javier Aldavaz, Ivan Yeung, Jaime Camacho, Irene Au, Роман Валесюк, LunarQueen, Iza, Brian Elieson, Paul, Grayson Garbarino, Oge O, Weronika Falkowska, Stefano Esposito, Nevin Spoljaric, Yvonne Feijoo, Sid Chanpuriya, Arjay Arcinue Dineros, Anoom Yasmin, Laura Johnson, Anoop Varghese, David Yastremski, Zoë Tulip, B, Jason Harrison, Erica Guerrero, Richard Manklow, Roberto Chena, Oliver Koo and Luke Pisano.
Meet Our Nitrogen-Breathing Bacterial RelativeGo to http://Brilliant.org/SciShow to try their Computational Biology course. Sign up now and get 20% off an annual Premium subscription.
Oxygen is pretty great stuff, but this recently discovered organism couldn’t care less about oxygen. It breathes nitrogen and may offer a window into how the types of cells in OUR bodies may have evolved billions of years ago.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12732534/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891584918324006
https://news.mit.edu/2016/oxygen-first-appearance-earth-atmosphere-0513
https://www.mpg.de/16524858/new-form-of-symbiosis-discovered
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03297-6
https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/paleoproterozoic/
http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/Environmental/L30/1.html
https://biologydictionary.net/mitochondria/
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_4%3A_Eukaryotic_Microorganisms_and_Viruses/07%3A_The_Eukaryotic_Cell/7.8%3A_The_Endosymbiotic_Theory#:~:text=The%20endosymbiotic%20theory%20states%20that%20some%20of%20the,their%20own%20DNA%20which%20is%20circular%2C%20not%20linear.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16945388/
https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitets.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891584918324006
6 Mysteries Geologists Can’t Explain — Yet!To discover more about Nature’s Fynd, visit https://naturesfynd.com. To learn about their remarkable nutritional fungi protein and fermentation process, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sodONlWRiE0.
Explaining strange Earth geology is often straightforward — combine a volcanic eruption a dash of erosion, and boom, you’ve got a striking cliff! But not all the features on this planet are so easy to figure out. From the ground randomly exploding to series of mysterious mounds, these are just a few of Earth's mysteries that we have yet to solve!
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Silas Emrys, Drew Hart, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Adam Brainard, Nazara, GrowingViolet, Ash, Laura Sanborn, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer, Alisa Sherbow
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Sources:
Siberian Craters
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/1/21/htm
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050195
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020071
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31858-9
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2014.15649
https://www.energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/oil-gas-research/methane-hydrate
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AGUFMGC33D1401D/abstract
Exploding Weed Seeds (28,546 fps Slow Motion)- Smarter Every Day 257Thanks to Google for Sponsoring this Video!
Click here if you're interested in subscribing: http://bit.ly/Subscribe2SED
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GET SMARTER SECTION
The paper I was talking about:
Morphomechanical Innovation Drives Explosive Seed Dispersal
https://lcvmwww.epfl.ch/publications/data/articles/139/Morphomechanical%20Innovation%20Drives%20Explosive%20Seed%20Dispersal.pdf
(Hofhuis, Hugo, et al. "Morphomechanical innovation drives explosive seed dispersal." Cell 166.1 (2016): 222-233)
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Why Are Mules Sterile?Horse plus donkey — it seems like an unlikely combination. I mean, they're different species! And yet, when they get together, they can produce a mule or the lesser-known hinny. Either way, those offspring usually can't become parents themselves.
Hosted by: Rose Bear Don't Walk
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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----------
Sources:
https://www.mulemuseum.org/history-of-the-mule.html
https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2016/10/28/mule-hinny-new-dna-technique/
https://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask225
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Chromosome
https://www.labroots.com/trending/videos/10528/why-mules-can-t-breed-baby-mules
https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-meiosis
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00577041
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/chromosomalconditions/
https://www.denverpost.com/2013/08/16/colorado-miracle-mule-foal-lived-short-life-but-was-well-loved/
https://www.denverpost.com/2007/07/25/mules-foal-fools-genetics-with-impossible-birth/
Risking My Life To Settle A Physics DebateEveryone will say this craft breaks the laws of physics. This video is sponsored by Kiwico, For 50% off your first month of any subscription crate from KiwiCo (available in 40 countries!) head to https://www.kiwico.com/Veritasium50
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A HUGE thanks to Rick and Neil for letting me drive Blackbird. Check out Rick's YouTube Channel for more in depth videos and explanations on going faster than the wind downwind -- https://ve42.co/Rick
Gene Nagata made the shoot possible. If you’re a video nerd like me, check out his channel, Potato Jet: https://www.youtube.com/c/PotatoJet/featured.
Xyla Foxlin for made the model cart used in this video. Xyla builds amazing things like rockets and canoes, check it out! https://www.youtube.com/c/xylafoxlin/
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References
Jack Goodman's YouTube video -- https://ve42.co/Goodman
Rick's treadmill footage -- https://ve42.co/Treadmill
Rick's multiple explanations of how Blackbird works -- https://ve42.co/DDWFTTW
Forum discussions -- https://ve42.co/forum Blog -- https://ve42.co/blog1 and retraction https://ve42.co/BlogRetraction
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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Crated Comments, Anna, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, Oleksii Leonov, Jim Osmun, Tyson McDowell, Ludovic Robillard, Jim buckmaster, fanime96, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Alfred Wallace, Arjun Chakroborty, Joar Wandborg, Clayton Greenwell, Pindex, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal
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Thanks to James Lincoln for building the initial prototypes for a model blackbird.
Written by Derek Muller, James Lincoln, and Petr Lebedev
Animation by Mike Radjabov and Iván Tello
Filmed by Gene Nagata, Derek Muller, Trenton Oliver, AJ Fillo and Emily Zhang
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Music from Epidemic Sound https://epidemicsound.com
Additional video supplied by Getty Images
Produced by AJ Fillo
Slave Codes: Crash Course Black American History #4Slave codes were a method of protecting the investment of white enslavers in the Colonies by restricting the lives of enslaved people in almost every imaginable way. The codes restricted enslaved people’s ability to move around, or engage in commerce that could make them financially independent - they restricted the very opportunities that would allow them to live with even relative freedom. Today, we'll learn about how Colonies put laws in place to restrict the movement and freedoms of both enslaved people and free Black people alike.
Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Check out Clint's book: https://bookshop.org/books/how-the-word-is-passed-a-reckoning-with-the-history-of-slavery-across-america/9780316492935
Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, Nick, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Laura Damon, Andrei Krishkevich, Sam Ferguson, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Brian Thomas Gossett, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Jason A Saslow, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
__
VIDEO SOURCES
-Ira Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
-John Hope Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans (New York: Knopf, 1967).
-Claude M. Steele, Whistling Vivaldi: How Stereotypes Affect Us and What We Can Do (Reprint Edition ed. 2011).
-Black Codes and Slave Codes, Colonial, , Oxford African American Studies Center , http://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-44570.
-Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York: W.W. Norton, 1974).
-Jennifer L. Morgan, Partus sequitur ventrem: Law, Race, and Reproduction in Colonial Slavery, 22 Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 1–17 (2018).
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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#crashcourse #history #slavery
Treating Blindness With Light (and Gene Therapy) | SciShow NewsTo discover more about Nature’s Fynd, visit https://naturesfynd.com. To learn about their remarkable nutritional fungi protein and fermentation process, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sodONlWRiE0.
We have the first published example of using light and gene therapy to restore someone's vision! And in heavier (metal) news, a recent study found surprisingly high levels of mercury in meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Hosted by: Hank Green
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Sources:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01351-4
https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756725/
https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinitis-pigmentosa
https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/media/papers/deisserothNatNeurosciCommentary2015.pdf
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/24/science/blindness-therapy-optogenetics.html
The Science of the World's Most Colorful CornTo discover more about Nature’s Fynd, visit https://naturesfynd.com. To learn about their remarkable nutritional fungi protein and fermentation process, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sodONlWRiE0.
Don't be fooled! The yellow or white corn you see in the grocery store is only the tip of the rainbow-colored iceberg of corn coloration. And these more genetically diverse varieties of corn might just save our husks one day.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever:
Silas Emrys, Drew Hart, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Adam Brainard, Nazara, GrowingViolet, Ash, Laura Sanborn, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer, Alisa Sherbow
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----------
Sources:
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.1049
https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.15350
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31010822/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4450870?seq=1
https://www.g3journal.org/content/ggg/9/6/1945.full.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349061/
https://www.genetics.org/content/genetics/199/3/655.full.pdf
https://mutants.maizegdb.org/doku.php
Coverage of Barnes & Glass Gem:
https://www.nativeseeds.org/blogs/blog-news/the-story-of-glass-gem-corn-beauty-history-and-hope
https://soundcloud.com/seedbroadcast/greg-schoen-shares-a-seed-story-about-the-glass-gem-rainbow-corn?in=seedbroadcast/sets/2015-seed-stories
https://www.npr.org/2019/11/25/782573786/glass-gem-corn-poster-child-for-the-return-to-heirloom-seeds
Can you solve the Trojan War riddle? - Dennis E. ShashaPractice more problem-solving at https://brilliant.org/TedEd
--
On Olympus, you’ve been waiting for an opportunity to bring the bloody Trojan War to its conclusion. The two sides have agreed to a brief truce, and when you consult the Fates, they advise: should the peace last for 10 days, all will end soon. But if the truce is broken, there will be 10 more devastating years of war. Can you help the Greeks and Trojans keep the peace? Dennis Shasha shows how.
Lesson by Dennis E. Shasha, directed by Igor Coric, Artrake Studio.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! SookKwan Loong, Bev Millar, Lex Azevedo, Noa Shore, sarim haq, Kyle Nguyen, Jason A Saslow, MJ Tan Mingjie, Dawn Jordan, Prasanth Mathialagan, Samuel Doerle, David Rosario, Siamak H, Manav parmar, David Lucsanyi, Anthony Kudolo, Ryohky Araya, Mayank Kaul, Eduardo Briceño, Christophe Dessalles, Heather Slater, Yuh Saito, Fabian Amels, Sandra Tersluisen, Zhexi Shan, Bárbara Nazaré, Andrea Feliz, Victor E Karhel, Sydney Evans, Latora Slydell, Noel Situ, emily lam, Sid, Kent Logan, Alexandra Panzer, Jay M, Constantino Victor Delgado, Andrea Galvagni, Andrew Tweddle, Laurel-Ann Rice, Fernando A. Endo, Courtney Marcott, Anna-Alicia Brooks, Mustafa, Helen Lee, pam morgan, sarim haq, Juan Pablo Rodriguez Morales, ANNE FINE and Gerardo Castro.
How Bees Stay Busy… As a Bee?Bees, they're important and amazing creatures, and with spring on the way we thought we'd share another round of our favorite bee episodes.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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An Unexpected Consequence of COVIDLearn more about Lydall’s mission to create a cleaner, quieter and safer world at https://www.lydall.com.
The global pandemic led to a drop in outdoor air pollution, but it also led to an increase in indoor air pollution - and our exposure to it.
LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Particulate matter: often abbreviated PM, it is the sum of all the tiny particles and drops of liquid suspended in the air including soil, soot, dust, metals, and acids like nitrates.
Air quality: a measurement of how polluted the air is, judged by the level of known pollutants in the air like NO2 and particulate matter like soot.
Ozonolysis: an organic chemical reaction wherein ozone cleaves a carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated compounds.
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REFERENCES
**************
Anthes, Emily. "Coronavirus lockdowns may raise exposure to indoor air pollution." Scientific American 1 (2020).
Chen, Yilin, et al. "Environmental Inequality Deepened During the COVID-19 in the Developing World." Environmental Science & Technology (2020).
Eldeirawi, Kamal, et al. "Increased disinfectant use among adults with asthma in the era of COVID-19." The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 9.3 (2021): 1378-1380.
González-Martín, Javier, et al. "A state-of-the-art review on indoor air pollution and strategies for indoor air pollution control." Chemosphere (2020): 128376.
Hoddinott, K. B., and A. P. Lee. "The use of environmental risk assessment methodologies for an indoor air quality investigation." Chemosphere 41.1-2 (2000): 77-84.
Klepeis, Neil E., et al. "The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 11.3 (2001): 231-252.
Lewis, Dyani. "COVID-19 rarely spreads through surfaces. So why are we still deep cleaning." Nature 590.7844 (2021): 26-28.
Long, Christopher M., and Peter A. Valberg. "Indoor airborne particulate matter: Unregulated, but a major contributor to our everyday exposure." Nat. Resources & Env't 32 (2017): 8.
Megahed, Naglaa A., and Ehab M. Ghoneim. "Indoor Air Quality: Rethinking rules of building design strategies in post-pandemic architecture." Environmental Research (2020): 110471.
Nazaroff, William W., and Charles J. Weschler. "Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants." Atmospheric environment 38.18 (2004): 2841-2865.
Nwanaji-Enwerem, Jamaji C., Joseph G. Allen, and Paloma I. Beamer. "Another invisible enemy indoors: COVID-19, human health, the home, and United States indoor air policy." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 30.5 (2020): 773-775.
Patel, Sameer, et al. "Indoor particulate matter during HOMEChem: Concentrations, size distributions, and exposures." Environmental science & technology 54.12 (2020): 7107-7116.
Pluschke, Peter, and Hans Schleibinger. Indoor air pollution. Springer, 2018.
Smith, Kirk R., et al. "Millions dead: how do we know and what does it mean? Methods used in the comparative risk assessment of household air pollution." Annual review of public health 35 (2014): 185-206.
Sundell, Jan. "On the history of indoor air quality and health." Indoor air 14.s 7 (2004): 51-58.
Schwarzenegger, Arnold. "Indoor air pollution in California." California EPA (2005).
Torkmahalleh, Mehdi Amouei, et al. "Review of factors impacting emission/concentration of cooking generated particulate matter." Science of the Total Environment 586 (2017): 1046-1056.
Tran, Vinh Van, Duckshin Park, and Young-Chul Lee. "Indoor air pollution, related human diseases, and recent trends in the control and improvement of indoor air quality." Internatio
Venter, Zander S., et al. "COVID-19 lockdowns cause global air pollution declines." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117.32 (2020): 18984-18990.
What If Your Arm Falls Off Right After a Vaccine?Start building your ideal daily routine with Fabulous. The first 100 people who click on the link will get a FREE week trial and 25% OFF Fabulous Premium: https://thefab.co/scishow
If you lost your arm almost immediately after being vaccinated, would you still be vaccinated?
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Sources:
Differential dependence on target site tissue for gene gun and intramuscular DNA immunizations (1997)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9144463/
https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/158/10/4529.full.pdf?casa_token=hJY1dtw1OWsAAAAA:EXg-9JUIKudIOLeN4YrP8lfXgLF825_3NdUQiWnsW8r6keBU7jJ4XuYiSASJa6rO5NWFGr-v-m_hGSg
AHA Worksheet (debunked!)
WHO Vaccine info sheet: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines-work
Effect of anatomic injection site, age and smoking on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination (1989)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2530717/
Inadvertent subcutaneous injection of COVID-19 vaccine
https://pmj.bmj.com/content/early/2021/02/15/postgradmedj-2021-139870.full
mRNA Vaccines: What Happens (2021)
https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2021/01/21/mrna-vaccines-what-happens
Determination of deltoid fat pad thickness. Implications for needle length in adult immunization (1997)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169899/
The importance of injecting vaccines into muscle: Different patients need different needle sizes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1118997/#B3
Could you survive the real Twilight Zone? - Philip Renaud and Kenneth KostelFind out how a hatchetfish survives its daily journey from the depths of the ocean’s Twilight Zone to the resource-rich surface.
--
You’re traveling deep beneath the ocean’s surface, where faint lights flicker and toothy grins flash. Your mission is to survive these depths and journey to the surface after sundown to feed. And as a hatchetfish, almost every other deep-sea creature is trying to eat you. Can you complete the quest? Philip Renaud and Kenneth Kostel share how to survive the ocean's Twilight Zone.
Lesson by Philip Renaud and Kenneth Kostel, directed by Cris Wiegandt.
Designed by Bárbara Fonseca
Sound design by Claudia Ioana Vasiliu
Narrated by Addison Anderson
Script Editing by Alex Gendler
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Katie Dean, Ezgi Yersu, Gerald Onyango, alessandra tasso, Côme Vincent, Doreen Reynolds-Consolati, Manognya Chakrapani, Ayala Ron, Samantha Chow, Eunsun Kim, Phyllis Dubrow, Ophelia Gibson Best, Paul Schneider, Joichiro Yamada, Henrique 'Sorín' Cassús, Lyn-z Schulte, Elaine Fitzpatrick, Karthik Cherala, Clarence E. Harper Jr., Clarissa Bartolini-Toro, Vignan Velivela, Ana Maria, Exal Enrique Cisneros Tuch, Srikote Naewchampa, Tejas Dc, Khalifa Alhulail, Martin Stephen, Dan Paterniti, Jose Henrique Leopoldo e Silva, Elnathan Joshua Bangayan, Jayant Sahewal, Mandeep Singh, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Morgan Williams, Kris Siverhus, Devin Harris, Pavel Zalevskiy, Karen Goepen-Wee, Filip Dabrowski, Barbara Smalley, Megan Douglas, Tim Leistikow, Renhe Ji, Maya Toll, Ka-Hei Law, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Mark Morris, Misaki Sato, EdoKun and Boytsov Ilya.
Thank the Manhattan Project for Your Air FilterThis video was made in partnership with Lydall. Lydall’s mission is and has always been to create a cleaner, quieter and safer world. To learn more, check out: https://www.lydall.com.
HEPA filters are the basis of modern filtration - but they also represent a straight line from the Manhattan Project to your living room!
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Sources:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/109135059800300111
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S173857331930628X
https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/manhattan-project
https://www.asbestos.com/asbestos/
https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-hepa-filter-1
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Irving-Langmuir
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/how_do.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/high-efficiency-particulate-air-system
The woman who stared at the sun - Alex GendlerGet to know the legacy of Hisako Koyama, whose drawings of the sun’s surface helped scientists reconstruct 400 years of sunspot activity.
--
In 1944, amateur astronomer Hisako Koyama’s latest endeavor was sketching the sun’s shifting surface. She spent weeks angling her telescope towards the sun and tracking every change she saw with drawings. Little did she know, these drawings were the start of one of the most important records of solar activity in human history. Alex Gendler details the incredible legacy of Koyama's work.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by Martina Meštrović.
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Keven Webb, Mihai Sandu, Deepak Iyer, Javid Gozalov, Kyanta Yap, Rebecca Reineke, William Biersdorf, Patricia Alves Panagides, Valeria Sloan Vasquez, Yvette Mocete, Cyrus Garay, Samuel Barbas, Brighteagle, LadyGeek, Curtis Light, Dwight Schrute, Dianne Palomar, Marin Kovachev, Fahad Nasser Chowdhury, Penelope Misquitta, Hans Peng, Gaurav Mathur, Erik Biemans, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Sunny Patel, Hoai Nam Tran, Stina Boberg, Kack-Kyun Kim, Michael Braun-Boghos, Ken, zjweele13, Jurjen Geleijn, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Edla Paniguel, Elena Crescia, Thomas Mungavan, Jaron Blackburn, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, ReuniteKorea, Aaron Henson, Rohan Gupta, Begum Tutuncu, Ever Granada, Mikhail Shkirev, Brian Richards, Cindy O., Jørgen Østerpart, Tyron Jung, Carolyn Corwin and Carsten Tobehn.
How do they Fly?Up in the air, it's a bird, it's a plane, it's... A SQUID!
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Sources:
## Crowdfunders
Steven Snow, Ben Delo, Bob Kunz, Nevin Spoljaric, Bobby, Donal Botkin, BN-12, Ben Schwab, Richard Jenkins, Phil Gardner, Steven Grimm, Chris Chapin, Martin, Andrew Bereza, Rebecca Wortham, Marco Arment, Colin Millions, سليمان العقل, emptymachine, Jason Lewandowski, Saki Comandao, George Lin, Henry Ng, rictic, David Tyler, Jordan Earls, Nick Fish, Nick Gibson, Tyler Bryant, Xueqi, Oliver Steele, iulus, Kermit Norlund, Alex Simonides, Julien Dubois, Christopher Mutchler, Derek Bonner, Mikko, Orbit_Junkie, Ron Bowes, Derek Jackson, Tómas Árni Jónasson, Nicholas Welna, Bear, chrysilis, David Palomares, Drago175, Emil, Esteban Santana Santana, Freddi Hørlyck, John Rogers, Peter Lomax, Rhys Parry, ShiroiYami, Tristan Watts-Willis, Veronica Peshterianu, Dag Viggo Lokøen, John Lee, Maxime Zielony, Elizabeth Keathley, Birdstryke, Rene Duedam
## Music
24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op.1
- Capriccio n.16 Op.1 in G minor (presto)
- Capriccio n.2 Op.1 in B minor (moderato)
- Capriccio n.5 Op.1 in A minor (agitato)
- Capriccio n.7 Op.1 in E minor (posato)
- Capriccio n.17 Op.1 in Be (sostenuto-andante)
- Capriccio n.15 Op.1 in E minor (posato)
- Capriccio n.6 Op.1 in G minor (lento)
- Capriccio n.18 Op.1 in in C (corrente-allegro)
Composed by Niccolò Paganini
Performed by Jonathan Vered
https://musopen.org/
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