Micro-Biology: Crash Course History of Science #24It's all about the SUPER TINY in this episode of Crash Course: History of Science. In it, Hank Green talks about germ theory, John Snow (the other one), pasteurization, and why following our senses isn't always the worst idea.
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Why Carbon Dating Might Be in DangerSciShow viewers can get 2 free months of unlimited access to Skillshare by using this link: https://skl.sh/scishow16
Carbon dating transformed fields like archeology and paleontology, but its use might be in danger.
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Sources:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/carbon-dating-crucial-scientific-technique-jeopardy-thanks-our-pollution-heres-easy-way-fix-it-180961345/
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124016
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/122/3166/415.2
http://www.pnas.org/content/112/31/9542
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/outreach/isotopes/stable.html
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/radiocarbon-dating.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/showing-their-age-62874/
https://geology.utah.gov/map-pub/survey-notes/glad-you-asked/glad-you-asked-how-do-geologists-know-how-old-a-rock-is/
https://www.jstor.org/stable/77628
https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/c_iig.html
https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~martins/isohydro/carbon1.html
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.2814.pdf
https://www.llnl.gov/news/atmospheric-carbon-14-measurements-reveal-natural-production-rate-cosmic-rays
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/07/global-warming-carbon-dating/399398/
Why should you read "Waiting For Godot"? - Iseult GillespieCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-should-you-read-waiting-for-godot-iseult-gillespie
Two men, Estragon and Vladimir, meet by a tree at dusk to wait for someone named “Godot.” So begins a vexing cycle where the two debate when Godot will come, why they’re waiting and whether they’re even at the right tree. The play offers a simple but stirring question- what should the characters do? Iseult Gillespie shares everything you need to know to read the tragicomedy.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by Tomás Pichardo-Espaillat.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Martin Lau, Robson Martinho, Cailin Ramsey, Aaron Henson, John Saveland, Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, ReuniteKorea, Venkat Venkatakrishnan, QIUJING L BU, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Jaron Blackburn, Alejandro Cachoua, Thomas Mungavan, Edla Paniguel, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Tim Armstrong, Erika Blanquez, Ricki Daniel Marbun, zjweele13, Judith Benavides, Ken , James Bruening, Michael Braun-Boghos, Ricardo Diaz, Kack-Kyun Kim, Artem Minyaylov, Danny Romard, Yujing Jiang, Stina Boberg, Anthony Wiggins, Hoai Nam Tran, Joe Sims, David Petrovič, Chris Adriaensen, Lowell Fleming, Sunny Patel, Vijayalakshmi , Uday Kishore, Aidan Forero, Leen Mshasha, Allan Hayes, Vaibhav Mirjolkar, Tony, Michelle, Katie and Josh Pedretti, Erik Biemans, Gaurav Mathur, Hans Peng, Tekin Gültekin, Hector Quintanilla, Penelope Misquitta and Ravi S. Rāmphal.
7 Wacky Ways Birds Use FeathersSciShow viewers can get 2 free months of unlimited access to Skillshare by using this link: https://skl.sh/scishow16
Feathers are good for flying, but they help birds do a lot more than just soar through the skies.
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Sources:
Sources:
Water transport
https://www.audubon.org/news/why-would-bird-carry-water-its-feathers
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00445096.1973.11448511
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242287754_The_water_holding_mechanism_of_sandgrouse_feathers
https://books.google.com/books?id=YvmC2sU-LqgC&pg=PA138
Why Can't We Make a Good Salt Substitute?We have many alternatives to sugar, but where are all the salt substitutes?
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK50958/
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160211142756.htm
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/36/6/1942
https://www.seriouseats.com/2016/07/how-do-we-taste-salt-sour-acid-sweet-bitter-flavor.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/08/04/486960237/when-food-firms-cut-the-salt-what-do-they-put-in-instead
https://www.forbes.com/2009/09/22/taste-buds-science-technology-breakthroughs-salt.html#4e49939776c5
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12291
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1124926/
https://theconversation.com/kitchen-science-a-salt-on-the-senses-58633
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK50965/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587117/ https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/303603
https://books.google.com/books?id=cSyvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5958546/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326615/
https://www.monell.org/news/news_releases/salty_taste_anion
Symbolism, Realism, and a Nordic Playwright Grudge Match: Crash Course Theater #33It's a Scandinavian grudge match on Crash Course Theater. We're looking at a couple of the key movements in European theater that deeply influenced the modern theater of today. We'll take a close look at two of the most radical and influential European playwrights of the 19th century, who just happened to be mortal enemies. Henrik Ibsen of Norway, and Swede August Strindberg reshaped theater, between bouts of hating each other.
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Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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A New Thing on SciShow! Join Us!Thank you for supporting SciShow, and we have an exciting news for you!
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Fairies, Goblins, and Pirates: A Fantastic Quiz ShowAlexis Stempien, one of SciShow’s script editors, faces off against Hank as they try to answer science questions about some fantastical topics!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
Devil’s Gardens
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4269544.stm
https://www.nature.com/articles/437495a
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/274/1613/1117.short
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/606022
Will ‘o the Wisps
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00431672.2013.820951?journalCode=vwws20
https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1477-8696.2000.tb04067.x
https://theconversation.com/ball-lightning-exists-but-what-on-earth-is-it-10419
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2012/pp/c2pp25032b
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1685062
https://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/will.htm
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13818782-700-science-graveyard-ghosts-are-a-gas/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852401000323
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042814016425/1-s2.0-S1877042814016425-main.pdf?_tid=5f14e8a2-5087-4ec5-8e06-f97d374d26c5&acdnat=1531424333_e87df0cae036e1fcbfade697a85841aa
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0146638095000216
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267817536_On_the_track_of_the_will-o'-the-wisp
Smell of the Sea
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1617201/
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/209/11/2165.full.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227218836_Sulfur_metabolism_in_bacteria_associated_with_cheese
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1617201/
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2001GB001829
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6242/1466
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00889.x
https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/dms--the-climate-gas-youve-never-heard-of
https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/10285497/stefels.PDF
What If You Stopped Masturbating?Are you NoFap or ProFap?
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History through the eyes of a chicken - Chris A. KnieslyCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
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The Ancient Egyptian king Thutmose III described the chicken as a marvelous foreign bird that “gives birth daily.” Romans brought them on their military campaigns to foretell the success of future battles. Today, this bird occupies a much less honorable position – on dinner plates. Chris Kniesly explains the evolving role of chickens throughout history.
Lesson by Chris A. Kniesly, directed by Mark Phillips.
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Toxic Shock Syndrome: Way Beyond TamponsIf you've heard of Toxic Shock Syndrome, you might think you can only get it from tampons, but the bacteria that cause this problem are surprisingly common and we still don't know why they sometimes turn deadly.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/169177-overview
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21308522
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23830657
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294426/pdf/zmr16.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25829040
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5158041/pdf/pone.0168177.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10825042
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157910/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780080468846/comprehensive-toxicology
https://aac.asm.org/content/45/2/460
https://wonder.cdc.gov/nndss/static/2016/annual/2016-table1.html
https://wonder.cdc.gov/nndss/static/2016/annual/2016-table5.html
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Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Staphylococcus_aureus_VISA_2.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Streptococcus_pyogenes.jpg
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/real-microphotography-of-staphylococcus-cells-gm500723254-80943647
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/children-drawing-gm173016262-7102431
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/petri-dish-with-blood-magnified-area-vector-illustration-gm833277084-135561353
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/tampon-on-pink-background-gm627078414-110979241
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/gram-positive-bacteria-streptococcus-pyogenes-gm808760696-130947751
ANOVA: Crash Course Statistics #33Today we're going to continue our discussion of statistical models by showing how we can find if there are differences between multiple groups using a collection of models called ANOVA. ANOVA, which stands for Analysis of Variance is similar to regression (which we discussed in episode 32), but allows us to compare three or more groups for statistical significance.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Kissing Numbers - NumberphileFeaturing James Grime... Check out Brilliant (and get 20% off their premium service): https://brilliant.org/numberphile (sponsor)
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Everything You Didn’t Know About Paper! - Mental Floss ScatterbrainedToday, we’re learning about paper! First, we give some quick facts, including the origin of paper and paperback books. We do a deep dive into the cardboard box. Then, you get some Rock, Paper, Scissors tips so you can beat any future competitors. We answer the question, “What happens to paper after you recycle it?” Finally, we learn the best paper airplane tips in this episode presented by the Paper & Packaging – How Life Unfolds.
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Why are Dead Bugs Always on Their Backs?You've probably noticed that dead or dying bugs end up on their backsides, and that's not just your imagination! It turns out there are some physics at play here.
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Where Do Teeth Come From?Watch the tasty new series “Tacos of Texas” https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdzQ_ilHPH3rQtgzo4nKM_g
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Teeth. We’ve all got ‘em (most of us, anyway). But how do they grow? Teeth are made from some biological nanotechnology that will blow your mind. They are strong enough to last hundreds of millions of years. Oh, and if you’ve ever wondered how adult teeth replace your baby teeth, get ready to see something terrifying.
Special thanks to Matthew Brown, Ph.D. and the University of Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collection
REFERENCES:
Dr. Gareth J. Fraser, Department of Biology, University of Florida
Dr. Andrew Gillis, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
S.J. AlQahtani Et al. (2010) Brief Communication: The London Atlas of Human Tooth Development and Eruption. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 142:481–490
Teruel Jde D Et al. (2015) Comparison of chemical composition of enamel and dentine in human, bovine, porcine and bovine teeth. Archives of Oral Biology Volume 60, Issue 5 768-775
Hill, M.A. (2018) Embryology Timeline human development. https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Timeline_human_development
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Can you solve the killer robo-ants riddle? - Dan FinkelPractice more problem-solving at https://brilliant.org/TedEd/
Solution to Bonus Riddle: https://brilliant.org/TedEdRoboAnts/
The good news is that your experimental robo-ants are a success. The bad news is that you accidentally gave them the ability to shoot deadly lasers … and you can’t turn it off. Can you stop them from escaping their habitat before the lasers are activated? Dan Finkel shows how.
Lesson by Dan Finkel, directed by Artrake Studio.
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A panel of educational content creators has been working on this for several months. We're finally announcing it today, and hope to see you there! Around 100 top tier educational content creators will be in the room, and we're selling 1000 tickets to the room. Podcasters, YouTubers, Artists, Writers, etc. I hope to see you there!
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How We Fixed the Most Radioactive Place on EarthOnce upon a time, there was a lake that was so radioactive, that standing on its shore for more than an hour would almost definitely kill you. Join Olivia to learn how it got that bad in the first place, and what was done to fix it!
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Sources:
https://curiosity.com/topics/the-radioactive-lake-karachay-is-the-worlds-most-polluted-place-curiosity/
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.eg.18.110193.002451
https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/lethal-dose-ld.html
https://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/l/lethal-dose.htm
https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/27/002/27002725.pdf
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed081p1440
https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/doses-daily-lives.html
https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/894/
https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/35304892833.pdf
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/atom-bomb-successfully-tested
https://wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/341/soviet-weapons-plant-pollution
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.1999.11460370
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672329/
http://www.safetyinengineering.com/FileUploads/Mayak%20NF%20article_1462201332_2.pdf
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02408278
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_nitrate#section=Top
http://www.concrete.org.uk/fingertips-nuggets.asp?cmd=display&id=786
Critical Masses: Citizens, Nuclear Weapons Production, and Environmental Destruction in the United States and Russia; Russell J. Dalton
Nuclear Waste: The Problem that Won't Go Away; Nicholas K. Lenssen
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-of-the-world-s-most-radioactive-places.html
https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/chelyabinsk-65_nuc.htm
http://www.proatom.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=7383
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5165736.stm
http://www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2008/11-80076_Report_2008_Annex_D.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20061004155420/http://www.seattle.battelle.org/RussReg/ResourceCenter/MayakChemicalCombine-RussiaPlutonium.htm
Eugenics and Fracis Galton: Crash Course History of Science #23After Darwin blew the doors off the scientific community, a lot of people did some weird and unscientific stuff with his ideas. Francis Galton and a few others decided natural selection could be used to make the human race "better" and came up with Eugenics.
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Why should you read "Don Quixote"? - Ilan StavansCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
Mounting his skinny steed, Don Quixote charges an army of giants. It is his duty to vanquish these behemoths in the name of his beloved lady, Dulcinea. There’s only one problem: the giants are merely windmills. What is it about this tale of the clumsy yet valiant knight that makes it so beloved? Ilan Stavans investigates.
Lesson by Ilan Stavans, directed by Avi Ofer.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Boytsov Ilya, maxi kobi einy, Misaki Sato, Andrew Bosco, Nik Maier, Mark Morris, Tamás Drávai, Adi V, Peter Liu, Leora Allen, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Julie Cummings-Debrot, Gilly, Ka-Hei Law, Maya Toll, Aleksandar Srbinovski, Ricardo Rendon Cepeda, Renhe Ji, Andrés Melo Gámez, Tim Leistikow, Chris, Megan Douglas, Barbara Smalley, Filip Dabrowski, Clair Chen, Vik Nagjee, Karen Goepen-Wee, Della Palacios, Bah Becerra, Marc Bilodeau, Ruby Solorzano, Ivan Tsenov, Claudia Mayfield, Yankai Liu, Duo Xu, Joy Love Om, Gi Nam Lee, Shawn Quichocho, Anika Westburg, Barun Padhy, Devin Harris, Tony Trapuzzano, Jason Weinstein, Kris Siverhus, Alexander Walls, Annamaria Szilagyi, Morgan Williams, Abhijit Kiran Valluri, Mandeep Singh and سلطان الخليفي.
6 Surprisingly Helpful Invasive SpeciesNot all non-native species are totally terrible! Here are six of them can actually do more good than harm.
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Does Using Your Phone Really Hurt Your Sleep?Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription!
You've probably heard that some types of light, like the kind that comes from your phone or laptop, can be bad for your sleep if you use them too close to bedtime. But let's be real, nighttime is the best time to binge TV, so are we really ruining our sleep patterns, and is there anything we can do to fix it?
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Sources:
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/blue-light-has-a-dark-side
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180425120242.htm
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160518141416.htm
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-01/tes-rlb011211.php
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120724104432.htm
Realism Gets Even More Real: Crash Course Theater #32In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, theater was evolving rapidly in Europe. Impresarios like Georg II, Duke of the Duchy of Saxe Meinengen (in what is now Germany), were pushing theater troupes to new heights of realism. New methods of staging, acting, set building, and even rehearsing were making plays more realistic than ever. These practices spread to France with Andre Antoine's Theatre Realisme, and from there spread across Europe.
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Making Antivenom out of Human Antibodies | SciShow NewsGo to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual premium subscription!
Scientists are looking for a new way to make antivenom and a new study poked some holes in a diagnostic test by making volunteers drink their own blood.
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Sources:
https://press.nature.com/?post_type=press_release&p=125737
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06086-4
http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/Snakebite%20Protocols/Dendroa3.htm
http://www.kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/bitstream/handle/10669/29558/323_2011_Inflamm.AllergyDrugDesign_Guti%C3%A9rrez_antivenoms.pdf?sequence=1
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874391915000561?via%3Dihub
The Rise of Pocket Calculators and Modern Electronic InnovationsGo to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription!
We don't think of pocket calculators as being all that special these days, but in reality their rise coincided with many of the innovations we take for granted today.
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The Polymer Explosion: Crash Course Engineering #20We’re continuing our look at engineering materials with third main type of material that you’ll encounter as an engineer: polymers. They’re made of long, repeating chains of smaller molecules known as monomers and today we’ll explore their strange history of polymers and the things that contributed to how we use them today.
Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1mtdjDVOoOqJzeaJAV15Tq0tZ1vKj7ZV
Check out Hot Mess: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaEBhRsI6tmmz12fkSEYdw
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
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Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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Your Brain On Adderall - The Study DrugHow does adderall work? And should you take it?
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The fascinating science behind phantom limbs - Joshua W. PateCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-fascinating-science-of-phantom-limbs-joshua-w-pate
The vast majority of people who’ve lost a limb can still feel it — not as a memory or vague shape, but in complete lifelike detail. They can flex their phantom fingers and sometimes even feel the chafe of a watch band or the throb of an ingrown toenail. What causes these phantom limb sensations? Joshua W. Pate explains how the brain reacts to a missing limb.
Lesson by Joshua W. Pate, directed by Kozmonot Animation Studio.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Arturo De Leon, Eduardo Briceño, Ricardo Paredes, David Douglass, Grant Albert, Jen, Megan Whiteleather, Mayank Kaul, Ryohky Araya, Tan YH, Ph.D., Brittiny Elman, Kostadin Mandulov, Yanuar Ashari, Mrinalini , Anthony Kudolo, Querida Owens, Hazel Lam, Manav parmar, Siamak H, Dominik Kugelmann, Mary Sawyer, David Rosario, Samuel Doerle, Susan Herder, Prasanth Mathialagan, Yanira Santamaria, Dawn Jordan, Constantin Salagor, Kevin Wong, Umar Farooq, Goh Xiang Ting Diana, Cristóbal Medina Moenne, MJ Tan Mingjie, Yansong Li, Jason A Saslow, Henry Li, Kyle Nguyen, Taylor Hunter, Noa Shore, Lex Azevedo, Merit Gamertsfelder, Bev Millar, Rishi Pasham, Jhuval , SookKwan Loong, Daniel Day, Nick Johnson, Bruno Pinho, Javier Aldavaz and Marc Veale.
The Secret Weapon That Could Help Save BeesThanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/
Honeybees are dying from parasites, pesticides, and poor nutrition, but we can help them in a number of ways, including by encouraging them to make a homemade antibiotic.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
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To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Propolis: a kind of bee glue made up of resins and beeswax, rich in flavonoids and aromatic acids with antibiotic properties
Pollination circuit: commercial bee-keepers move their colonies around the country, renting them out to farmers to pollinate almonds, apples, and many other crops.
Bee health: term used to indicate concern about a set of issues challenging to health of honey bees, including parasites, pathogens, and pesticides.
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With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Emily Elert, David Goldenberg, and Melissa Hayes
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References:
Spivak, M, Browning Z, Goblirsch M, Lee K, Otto C, Smart M, Wu-Smart J. 2017. Why Does Bee Health Matter? The Science Surrounding Honey Bee Health Concerns and What We Can Do About It. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Commentary, QTA2017. CAST, Ames, Iowa. Pp 1-16
Borba, R. S. & Spivak, M. (2017). Propolis envelope in Apis melliferacolonies supports honey bees against the pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae. Scientific Reports 7: 11429.
Klein S, Cabirol A, Devaud JM, Barron AB, Lihoreau M. (2017). Why Bees Are So Vulnerable to Environmental Stressors. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Apr;32(4):268-278. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.009. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
Simone-Finstrom, M., Borba, R. S., Wilson, M., & Spivak, M. (2017). Propolis Counteracts Some Threats to Honey Bee Health. Insects, 8(2), 46. http://doi.org/10.3390/insects8020046
The Randomness Problem: How Lava Lamps Protect the InternetGo to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription!
Randomness is important for all kinds of things, from science to security, but to generate true randomness, engineers have turned to some pretty odd tricks!
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Sources:
https://www.wired.com/story/cloudflare-lava-lamps-protect-from-hackers/
https://sploid.gizmodo.com/one-of-the-secrets-guarding-the-secure-internet-is-a-wa-1820188866
https://www.fastcompany.com/90137157/the-hardest-working-office-design-in-america-encrypts-your-data-with-lava-lamps
https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/12/science/connoisseurs-of-chaos-offer-a-valuable-product-randomness.html
https://blog.cloudflare.com/why-randomness-matters/
https://www.design-reuse.com/articles/27050/true-randomness-in-cryptography.html
https://www.random.org/randomness/
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-856j-randomized-algorithms-fall-2002/lecture-notes/
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-26300-7_3
https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/upload_library/22/Ford/Volchan46-63.pdf
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-22r1a.pdf
http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~simardr/testu01/guideshorttestu01.pdf
https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1418/index2.html
https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P113.pdf
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/secauthn/tls-handshake-protocol
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2246#page-47
https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficanalysistools/tat_vol3/vol3_guidelines.pdf
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-36-communication-systems-engineering-spring-2009/lecture-notes/MIT16_36s09_lec21_22.pdf
https://telescoper.wordpress.com/2009/04/04/points-and-poisson-davril/
https://auto.howstuffworks.com/remote-entry2.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20070315010555/https://cigital.com/papers/download/developer_gambling.php
Regression: Crash Course Statistics #32Today we're going to introduce one of the most flexible statistical tools - the General Linear Model (or GLM). GLMs allow us to create many different models to help describe the world - you see them a lot in science, economics, and politics. Today we're going to build a hypothetical model to look at the relationship between likes and comments on a trending YouTube video using the Regression Model. We'll be introducing other popular models over the next few episodes.
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Mark Brouwer, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Ian Dundore
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The Horrifying Truth About Swimmer's ItchGo to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription!
Also known as cercarial dermatitis, swimmer’s itch is more than just an annoying rash…
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Sources:
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/swimmersitch/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swimmers-itch/symptoms-causes/syc-20355043
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/index.html
Everything you need to know to read “The Canterbury Tales” - Iseult GillespieCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/everything-you-need-to-know-to-read-the-canterbury-tales-iseult-gillespie
A portly Miller, barely able to sit on his horse, rambles on about the flighty wife of a crotchety old carpenter and the scholar she takes as her lover. This might sound like a bawdy joke, but it’s part of one of the most esteemed works of English literature ever created: The Canterbury Tales. Iseult Gillespie shares everything you need to know to read Geoffrey Chaucer’s classic collection.
Lesson by Iseult Gillespie, directed by Anton Bogaty.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Sebastian Regez, Danielle Downs, Clovis Norroy, Liz Candee, Vinh-Thuy Nguyen, Amy Lopez, SANG HAN, Aries SW, Sebastiaan Hols, Grimes Gregory, João Henrique Rodrigues, Michael Lucke, Annastasshia Ames, Claudia Hernandez Chavarria, Livia-Alexandra Sarban, Lee , Karthik Balsubramanian, Mathew Samuel, Turine Tran, Ido brown, Jordan Tang, Christopher Jimenez, Juan, Tracey Tobkin, Sid, emily lam, Kathryn J Hammond, Elliot Poulin, Noel Situ, Latora Slydell, Sydney Evans, Victor E Karhel, Eysteinn Guðnason, Andrea Feliz, Natalia Rico, Josh Engel, Bárbara Nazaré, Zhexi Shan, PnDAA, Sandra Tersluisen, Ellen Spertus, Fabian Amels, sammie goh, Mattia Veltri, Quentin Le Menez, Yuh Saito, Heather Slater, Dr Luca Carpinelli and Christophe Dessalles.
Darwin and Natural Selection: Crash Course History of Science #22"Survival of the Fittest" sounds like a great WWE show but today we're talking about that phrase as it relates to Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace. Darwin and Wallace are at the heart of understanding evolution and natural selection. Today, Hank talks about their wonderful (if not seasick inducing) trips around the world.
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The Biggest Volcanic Eruption in Human HistoryGo to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription!
Around 74,000 years ago, a volcano called Toba in Sumatra exploded, and some scientists think it had a serious impact on the human population and some...don't.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/03/how-ancient-humans-survived-global-volcanic-winter-massive-eruption
https://gizmodo.com/these-early-humans-prospered-during-what-should-have-be-1823697164
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25967.epdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248417302750?via%3Dihub
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/11/giant-eruption-cut-down-size
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/317/5834/114
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248498902196
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/toba-ash-on-the-indian-subcontinent-and-its-implications-for-correlation-of-late-pleistocene-alluvium/
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2000GL006113
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2008JD011652
https://www.businessinsider.com/genetic-bottleneck-almost-killed-humans-2016-3
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/feb/09/volcanoes-climate
https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/03/ancient-campsite-shows-humans-surviving-a-massive-volcanic-eruption/
https://www.vox.com/2014/9/5/6108169/yellowstone-supervolcano-eruption
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/blast-from-the-past-65102374/
What’s a smartphone made of? - Kim PreshoffCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-s-a-smartphone-made-of-kim-preshoff
As of 2018, there are around 2.5 billion smartphone users in the world. If we broke open all the newest phones and split them into their component parts, that would produce around 85,000 kg of gold, 875,000 of silver, and 40,000,000 of copper. How did this precious cache get into our phones--and can we reclaim it? Kim Preshoff investigates the sustainability of phone production.
Lesson by Kim Preshoff, directed by Compote Collective.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Jennifer Kurkoski, phkphk12321, Arlene Weston, Mehmet Yusuf Ertekin, Ten Cha, Les Howard, Kevin O'Leary, Francisco Leos, Robert Patrick, Jorge, Marcus Appelbaum, Alan Wilder, Amin Talaei, Mohamed Elsayed, Angel Pantoja, Eimann P. Evarola, Claire Ousey, Carlos H. Costa, Tariq Keblaoui, Bela Namyslik, Nick Johnson, Won Jang, Johnnie Graham, Junjie Huang, Harshita Jagdish Sahijwani, Amber Alexander, Yelena Baykova, Laurence McMillan, John C. Vesey, Karmi Nguyen, Chung Wah Gnapp, Andrew Sprott, Jane White, Ayan Doss, Brendan Neale, Lawrence Teh Swee Kiang, Alex Pierce, Nick Cozby, Jeffrey Segrest, Anthony Arcis, Ugur Doga Sezgin, Kathryn Vacha, Allyson Martin, Srinivasa C Pasumarthi, 张晓雨, Ann Marie Reus, Nishant Suneja, Javier Lara Rosado, Jerry Yang and Shubham Arora.
5 Bizarre Aircraft That Pushed the Boundaries of EngineeringSciShow is supported by Brilliant.org. Go to https://Brilliant.org/SciShow to get 20% off of an annual Premium subscription.
You might think most planes look the same, but here are five of the most bizarre aircraft that, no matter their appearance, still managed to fly.
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----------
Sources:
SR-71:
https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/news/features/history/blackbird.html
https://www.businessinsider.com/retired-sr-71-pilot-describes-what-its-like-to-fly-the-blackbird-2018-8
https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/setting-records-sr-71-blackbird
https://www.space.com/16666-sr-71-blackbird.html
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-030-DFRC.html
North American X-15:
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-052-DFRC.html
https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/north-american-x-15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX8CkyDzPN0
https://www.aviationcv.com/aviation-blog/2016/top-10-fastest-aircraft-in-the-world
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/multimedia/imagegallery/X-15/EC05-0177-33.html
3 Ways We Could Transform the Future of FoodThis video was sponsored by Google Science Fair. Enter the 2018 Google Science Fair at https://bit.ly/2DtDi05 and check out their YouTube page at https://www.youtube.com/user/GoogleScienceFair/featured. See official rules for full details: https://bit.ly/2MNOggg
As the population grows, the demand for food is only going to increase, but luckily, scientists are already working to solve this problem.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin & Olivia Gordon
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Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Lazarus G, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, سلطان الخليفي, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, Tim Curwick, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters
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----------
Sources:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-002-0931-x
https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701011080221
https://www.quorn.us/about-quorn
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00319.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9501477
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1769805/
https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(03)00360-7/fulltext
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29567357
The Scientific Benefits of BoredomBoredom makes you more creative, altruistic, introspective, and helps with autobiographical planning.
This video was sponsored by LastPass: http://bit.ly/2wAsdUu
I feel like this video might come across as condescending but the person I'm really talking to is myself. Despite the fact that I know how useful it can be to be bored, I still find myself trying to fill every last moment with stimulus. Boredom is unpleasant - the open, unstructured thinking that can take place can also feel pointless. But now I'm made this video to remind myself how important boredom is so hopefully I'll make more time to be bored.
More resources:
The boredom leads people to shock themselves study:
Just Think: The challenges of the disengaged mind
https://wjh-www.harvard.edu/~dtg/WILSON%20ET%20AL%202014.pdf
Boredom leads people to consider their future and set goals study:
Back to the future: Autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011001978
On boredom and altruism:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ca72/0f959d3c9c31187ac30b28ecfec430bc98cc.pdf
Does boredom make us more creative?
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10400419.2014.901073
Amazing filming by Raquel Nuno
Music from http://epidemicsound.com "I Think I Was There" "Critical Thinking 2" "Wide Open" "Seaweed" "A Sound Foundation 1"
Music also by Kevin MacLeod http://incompetech.com "Fig Leaf Rag"
The Oldest Known Animal May Be a Weird, Fleshy Oval | SciShow NewsDickinsonia might be the oldest known member of the animal kingdom, and the origin of birdsongs from the syrinx might be a little less mysterious.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Sources:
The World's Next OceanA volcanic eruption and series of earthquakes in 2005 were important not because they did a great deal of damage to humans, but because they’re geologic evidence of where Earth’s next ocean will most likely pop up.
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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----------
Sources:
https://www.bbc.com/news/10415877
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JB014902
https://theconversation.com/africa-is-splitting-in-two-here-is-why-94056
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2018/04/03/the-discovery-of-the-great-rift-valley-where-africa-is-splitting-in-two/#7e3cc4006f43
https://www.livescience.com/10592-giant-crack-africa-create-ocean.html
----------
Images:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manda-Hararo_rift,_Afar.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Walter_Gregory.jpg
https://go.nasa.gov/2OUIjAh
The Pi Song (Memorize 100 Digits Of π)Can you remember 100 digits of pi?
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The "End of History" Illusion - Bence NanayCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
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Time and time again, we’ve failed to predict that the technologies of the present will change the future. Recently, a similar pattern was discovered in our individual lives: we’re unable to predict change in ourselves. But is there anything wrong with assuming that who we are now is who we will continue to be? Bence Nanay details the consequences of seeing ourselves as finished products.
Lesson by Bence Nanay, directed by Stretch Films Inc.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Denise A Pitts, Pi Guanghui, Doris, Kurt Almendras, Raymond Lee, Nicolas Silva, Melvin Williams, Tirath Singh Pandher, Terry Minion, Mauricio Basso, Jamesbo87, Karlee Finch, Chumi Ogbonna, Barthélémy Michalon, Lefty McGoo, Chris Thompson, Derek Drescher, Karisa Caudill, Christina Salvatore, Brady Jones, Todd Gross, Alexis Hevia, Heidi Stolt, Robert Seik, Coenraad Keuning, Charles A Hershberger, Laura Cameron Keith, Max Ngomane, Rafael Kato, Jen O'Hogan, Renu Balak, JY Kang, Anastasiia , Madee Lo, Arpita Singh, Karl Laius, Barbarossa, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Guy Hardy, Sebastiaan Vleugels, Joel Alfonso, Derya Goekcay, Brandy Sarver, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Akinola Emmanuel, igor romanenko, Dian Atamyanov, Abhishek Bansal and Austin Randall.
Cannon Shock Waves in Ultra Slow Motion - Smarter Every Day 200Click here to subscribe: http://bit.ly/Subscribe2SED
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Slow motion sound and musicy things by: Gordon McGladdery did the outro music the video. Checkout "A Shell In The PIt"
On spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/artist/0HIiXblDOFPXxkuI35wOMx
The song is on bandcamp:
https://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/track/kabamjo
Comparison of motion detectors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmI2kE2hUgE
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Why Does Putting a Finger Under Your Nose Stop a Sneeze?Sometimes sneezing can be really inconvenient, but why does a technique made popular by cartoon shows seem to be effective at stopping them?
Hosted by: Hank Green
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
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Sources:
Dr. Melissa Pynonnen, Michigan Medicine
http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2018/bcr-2016-218906
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dont-hold-it-halted-sneeze-rips-hole-mans-throat-180967847/
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1873373-overview
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-sneeze/
The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course History of Science #21You probably know some of the signs of industrialization in the nineteenth century: Trains connected cities, symbolizing progress. But they also brought about the destruction of rural lands, divisions between social classes, and rapid urbanization. But there's a whole lot more to talk about in this episode of History of Science!
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark Brouwer, Erika & Alexa Saur Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters
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What Do Raindrops Really Look Like?Learn more about opportunities from KiwiCo here: https://www.kiwico.com/okay
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What do raindrops look like? Exactly how we drew them as kids, right? Wrong! Teardrop-shaped rain is physically impossible. This week I went inside a vertical wind tunnel to bring you the true shape of rain.
Special thanks to iFly Indoor Skydiving in Austin, TX! Learn more about their STEM field trips: https://www.iflyworld.com/programs/stem-field-trips/
REFERENCES:
Dr. Scot Martin, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry at Harvard University https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/smartin
Terminal Velocity of Raindrops Aloft
https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/1520-0450%281969%29008%3C0249%3ATVORA%3E2.0.CO%3B2
The Terminal Velocity of Fall for Water Droplets in Stagnant Air
https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0469%281949%29006%3C0243%3ATTVOFF%3E2.0.CO%3B2
Single-Drop Fragmentation Determines Size Distribution of Raindrops
https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys1340
-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Sarah Keartes
Creative Director: David Schulte
Editor/animator: Derek Borsheim
Producers: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox
Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock http://www.shutterstock.com
The Myth of Hercules: 12 labors in 8-bits - Alex GendlerCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
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Hercules — son of Zeus and champion of humankind — stricken with a temporary curse of madness, has just committed the most unspeakable crime imaginable. Seeking to atone for the deaths of his family, Hercules must complete twelve impossible tasks that pit him against invincible monsters and unfathomable forces. Alex Gendler retells this epic series of adventures.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by Jérémie Balais & Jeff Le Bar.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Elizabeth Parker, Sai Krishna Koyoda, Samuel Barbas, Maxwell Ingram, Victoria Soler-Roig, Abdulmateen Aderinto, Pavel Maksimov, Barbara Younker, Cyrus Garay, Yvette Mocete, Mike Azarkman, Patricia Alves Panagides, William Biersdorf, Michael Aquilina, Vinamr , FireWolfLasers , Kshitij Shah, Mohammad Said, Teach Me Diné - Navajo Language, Victoria Veretilo, Rebecca Reineke, Kyanta Yap, Brandon Thomas, Lewis Westbury, Ojas Kapoor, Mirzat Turap, Jaime Arriola, Emilia Alvarado, Javid Gozalov, Philipp Hiestand, Paul Beard, Deepak Iyer, Markus Goldhacker, Mihai Sandu, Keven Webb, Hendrik Mueller, Maurice Castonguay, Kristiyan Bonev, Maryam Dadkhah, Joshua Wasniewski, Michał Friedrich, Arlene Spiegelman, Doug Henry, Alick Au, Denison Martins Fernandes, Daniel Nester, Richard A Berkley, Benjamin Chan, Dee Wei and Abdallah Absi.
What's at the Bottom of the Deepest Lake in the World?Besides being the deepest lake on Earth, Lake Baikal supports a bizarre collection of species that are found nowhere else!
Hosted by: Olivia Gordon
Head to https://scishowfinds.com/ for hand selected artifacts of the universe!
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
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Sources:
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/lake-baikal-and-more-of-the-weirdest-lakes-of-the-world-15341548/
https://todiscoverrussia.com/the-monster-of-lake-baikal/
https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wXf8CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=lake+baikal&ots=i8au8AZK4Z&sig=LbeFtd-5skMuPdWM1GRwTKrcr3M#v=onepage&q=lake%20baikal&f=false
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01616.x
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00607.x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818104001699
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006GC001265
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20106211?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22530020-100-spiny-monster-from-the-depths-of-worlds-oldest-lake/
https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.1308
https://www.livescience.com/57653-lake-baikal-facts.html
http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/12/10/20160717
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-88552-8_8
https://books.google.ca/books?id=cFusAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA495&lpg=PA495&dq=lake+baikal+fossils&source=bl&ots=SPquqYi3BL&sig=zaywjRjbXrUpS7cApiLyApYXgXc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVpK-69tvcAhXIuVkKHVNJAs84ChDoATAHegQIAxAB#v=onepage&q=lake%20baikal%20fossils&f=false
https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Baikal
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/38721/circles-in-thin-ice-lake-baikal-russia
https://www.livescience.com/5472-mystery-giant-ice-circles-resolved.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/350281a0
https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/59/5/405/297521
https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/us/soviet-lake-offers-look-at-evolution.html
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0032945216040135
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JC900293
Can you solve the alien probe riddle? - Dan FinkelPractice more problem-solving at https://brilliant.org/TedEd/
Solution to Bonus Riddle: https://brilliant.org/TedEd3ColorCube/
Your team has developed a probe to study an alien monolith. It needs protective coatings — in red, purple or green — to cope with the environments it passes through. Can you figure out how to apply the colors so the probe survives the trip? Dan Finkel shows how.
Lesson by Dan Finkel, directed by Anton Trofimov.
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6 Animals with Extraordinary Adaptations to Cave LifeLiving in a cave isn’t easy, but these six cave-dwelling animals have gained some amazing traits to help them survive there!
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Sources:
Cave fish:
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0012160600901210/1-s2.0-S0012160600901210-main.pdf?_tid=14f4fbb7-0830-4917-ac21-3656f31a26cb&acdnat=1534876966_c037b6effb5d5ad208233005be3b8e07 [PDF]
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1399&context=ijs [PDF]
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.534.644&rep=rep1&type=pdf [PDF]
http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/8/e1500363
Where Are All the Electric Airplanes?Cheddar recently launched their YouTube channel where they cover future focused topics! Check out their video, Can Empathy Prevent a Robot Uprising?, here: https://chdr.tv/youtu62cfc
Clean, renewable energy is becoming more and more common in our everyday lives. But, as our cars and buildings become more green, tens of thousands of airplanes fly every day using petroleum-based fuel, and there's seemingly no end in sight. Why?
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/electric-aircraft/index.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236112011088
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218012000715?via%3Dihub
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=9991
Combustion Physics; Chung K. Law.
https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075828/http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/aviation/air_bp/STAGING/local_assets/downloads_pdfs/a/air_bp_products_handbook_04004_1.pdf
https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/3622371/145_Years_of_Dynamite.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20150722042425/http://industrial.panasonic.com/lecs/www-data/pdf2/ACA4000/ACA4000CE417.pdf
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch7/ie_ea.php
https://engineering.mit.edu/engage/ask-an-engineer/how-does-a-battery-work/
https://www.topspeed.com/aviation/aviation-reviews/boeing/1998-2010-boeing-737-800-ar85475.htm
http://www.narita-airport.or.jp/ais/e/model/737.html
https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/09/plane-maker-to-test-all-electric-jet-in-2019-sets-sights-on-ipo.html
https://www.statista.com/statistics/614178/cruising-speed-of-most-common-airliners/
https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2017/11/airbus--rolls-royce--and-siemens-team-up-for-electric-future-par.html
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6260/530
People Are More Forgiving Than You'd Think | SciShow NewsScientists report that humans might be quick to judge, but we we may have also evolved to be quick to forgive. And in another paper out this week, scientists have discovered a new type of human stem cell!
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Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2018-09/cp-rih091318.php
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30956-5
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2018-09/yu-wap091318.php
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0425-1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA#/media/File:Double-stranded_RNA.gif
istock.com
Why the Weak Nuclear Force Ruins EverythingThe weak force has been causing trouble for a century, ruining everything physicists thought was true. But it might actually be responsible for your very existence.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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The Science of Being Transgender ft. Gigi GorgeousWhat can science teach us about gender identity and dysphoria?
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Could the Earth be swallowed by a black hole? - Fabio PacucciDownload a free audiobook version of "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" and support TED-Ed's nonprofit mission: https://adbl.co/2xqDYxY
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From asteroids capable of destroying entire species to supernovae that could exterminate life on Earth, outer space has no shortage of forces that could wreak havoc on our planet. But there’s something in space that is even more terrifying than any of these -- something that wipes out everything it comes near. Fabio Pacucci examines the probability of Earth being gobbled up by a black hole.
Lesson by Fabio Pacucci, directed by Astroplastique.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Rakesh Katragadda, Sergi Páez, Jørgen Østerpart, Cindy O., Nicu Boanda, Reagen O'Connor, Sabrina Gonzalez, Dino , Hadi Salahshour, Clement , Nick Debenedictis, Abdullah Altuwaijri, Jessie McGuire, Divina Grace Dar Santos, Brian Richards, Farah Abdelwahab, Mikhail Shkirev, Malcolm Callis, David Matthew Ezroj, Ever Granada, fatima kried, Begum Tutuncu, Lala Arguelles, Mehmet Sencer KARADAYI, Christian Kurch, SungGyeong Bae, Luis Felipe Ruiz Langenscheidt, Joe Huang, Rohan Gupta, Senjo Limbu, Martin Lau, Robson Martinho, Cailin Ramsey, Aaron Henson, John Saveland, Nicolle Fieldsend-Roxborough, ReuniteKorea , Venkat Venkatakrishnan, QIUJING L BU, Yoga Trapeze Wanderlust, Jaron Blackburn, Alejandro Cachoua, Thomas Mungavan, Edla Paniguel, Anna-Pitschna Kunz, Tim Armstrong, Erika Blanquez, Ricki Daniel Marbun, zjweele13 and Judith Benavides.
How Much Junk Is in Your DNA Trunk?The human genome is 3.2 billion base pairs long and contains around 20,000 genes, but how much of that is garbage?
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This Toy Can Open Any GarageOr almost any garage - it's particularly good with fixed code gates and garages. Samy proposes other weaknesses with rolling codes.
This video was sponsored by LastPass: http://bit.ly/2oscAe9
I don't condone malicious hacking of gates, garages or other property. The point of this video was to discuss how it could be done using fairly basic technology like this toy that was originally intended as an instant messaging device. I learned a lot in making this video about how codes are sent and received, how they are encrypted or not encrypted. I found out how hard it is to execute in practice something which in principle doesn't seem that difficult.
Special thanks to Samy! His original videos on using the IM ME to open radio frequency garages and gates can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/user/s4myk
He's got a really cool channel so be sure to subscribe if you're interested in this stuff.
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Why Don't Birds Have Vertical Tails Like Airplanes?Start protecting yourself on the web at https://NordVPN.com/SCISHOW and use code SCISHOW and save 66% on a 2-year plan!
How do you tell a plane from a bird? The vertical tail, of course! By why can birds fly without a vertical tail, and how do planes use their vertical tails to stay in the air?
Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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Sources:
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/Features/AMA_Expo.html
https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi373.htm
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/dc71/1e3c1ec7cb1a891165da3eb1e63441936a5d.pdf
http://howthingsfly.si.edu/ask-an-explainer/how-does-tail-airplane-help-it-during-flight
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239414613_Why_Birds_and_Miniscale_Airplanes_Need_No_Vertical_Tail
Is Height All In Our Genes?Check out ReInventors: http://bit.ly/2BezAGz
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I’m tall. Most of the people in my family are tall. Does that mean my son will be tall? Turns out the inheritance of height is a lot more complicated than we thought. Scientists know that nature (genes) and nurture (environment) both play a role, but after more than a century of questions, we’re only just now starting to get some answers
REFERENCES:
Fryar, C.D. et al. (2016). Anthropometric reference data for
children and adults: United States, 2011–2014. National Center for Health
Statistics. Vital Health Stat 3(39).
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. (2016). A century of trends in adult human height. eLife
5:e13410.
Visscher, P.M. et al. (2007). Genome partitioning of genetic variation for height from 11,214 sibling pairs. American Journal of Human Genetics 81:1104–10.
Zimmer, C. (2018). She has her mother’s laugh: The powers, perversions, and potential of heredity. New York: Dutton. http://bit.ly/2xi5H0M
-----------
It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Can You Spot The Liar?Could you catch someone in a lie? It's harder than you think!
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Why should you read Edgar Allan Poe? - Scott PeeplesCheck out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded
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The prisoner strapped under a descending pendulum blade. A raven who refuses to leave the narrator’s chamber. A beating heart buried under the floorboards. Poe’s macabre and innovative stories of gothic horror have left a timeless mark on literature. But just what is it that makes Edgar Allan Poe one of the greatest American authors? Scott Peeples investigates.
Lesson by Scott Peeples, directed by Compote Collective.
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Vignan Velivela, Ibel Wong, Ahmad Hyari, Eden Sher, Travis Wehrman, Louisa Lee, Hoang Viet, Nathan A. Wright, Аркадий Скайуокер, Ashley Maldonado, Clarence E. Harper Jr., Bojana Golubovic, Karthik Cherala, Violeta Cervantes, Elaine Fitzpatrick, Lyn-z Schulte, cnorahs , Henrique Sorín' Cassús, Tim Robinson, Jun Cai, Paul Schneider, Amber Wood, Ophelia Gibson Best, Michelle Stevens-Stanford, Phyllis Dubrow, Andreas Voltios, Eunsun Kim, Philippe Spoden, Samantha Chow, Armando Ello, Ayala Ron, Manognya Chakrapani, Doreen Reynolds-Consolati, Melissa Sorrells, Antony Lee, Husain Mohammad, Côme Vincent, Astia Rizki Safitri, Alan Froese, alessandra tasso, Gerald Onyango, Katrina Harding, Ezgi Yersu, Katie Dean, Kin Lon Ma, Carsten Tobehn, Jeremy Fryd, Charlene You and Carolyn Corwin.
The Secret to Becoming Immune to Mosquito BitesLike most allergies, you can become immune to mosquito bites, but it might not be worth it.
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(02)70046-8/abstract
https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/76787
https://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(10)63262-0/abstract
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00958.x
http://eprints.ucm.es/46202/1/T39413.pdf#page=58
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70395-1/pdf
https://journals.lww.com/co-allergy/Abstract/2007/08000/Advances_in_mosquito_allergy.12.aspx
https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/06/03/ask-well-why-do-mosquito-bites-itch/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573758/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674998703574
https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/allergy-shots-(immunotherapy)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043304/
http://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/286
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1081120610612628
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2571626
https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/76787
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(98)70395-1/pdf
https://gizmodo.com/5905994/hate-itchy-mosquito-bites-building-up-an-immunity-only-requires-about-15000-bites-per-year
https://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(12)00553-4/fulltext
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1081120610632620
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15180354
https://www.annallergy.org/article/S1081-1206(10)60664-3/pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7719881
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zhikang_Peng/publication/5630807_Mosquito_Allergy_and_Mosquito_Salivary_Allergens/links/55c4e69708aeca747d61823f.pdf
------
Images/Sounds:
https://freesound.org/people/Zywx/sounds/188708/
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/infectious-gnat-desig-gm847766802-139123743
https://youtu.be/1gbPXzvU8LA
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mosquitos-gm162814057-19603642
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/mosquito-drinks-blood-gm485609750-72151137
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/woman-meditating-with-butterfly-landing-on-hand-gm171370409-21153865
What would happen if every human suddenly disappeared? - Dan KwartlerIf you enjoy this lesson, we highly recommend reading "The World Without Us." A discounted e-book version is available here: https://amzn.to/2QwSPyH
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Human beings are everywhere. With settlements on every continent, we can be found in the most isolated corners of Earth’s jungles, oceans and tundras. Our impact is so profound, most scientists believe humanity has left a permanent mark on Earth’s geological record. So what would happen if suddenly, every human on Earth disappeared? Dan Kwartler investigates.
Lesson by Dan Kwartler, directed by Globizco Studios.
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