DNA SequencingThis video was in the latest series of biotechnology videos created for the North Carolina BioNetwork. The animations for this and the previous series were created by the computer animation program at Western Piedmont Community College in North Carolina.
How Genes are Regulated: Transcription FactorsEach cell in our body inherits the same master copy of DNA, but different cell types use it differently. Transcription Factors help influence which genes are used in which cell. Understanding how these dynamic proteins physically interact with DNA allows us to better understand and model their binding to DNA and their regulation of gene expression.
Scientific Direction by the Wasserman Lab at the University of British Columbia:
http://www.cmmt.ubc.ca/research/investigators/wasserman/lab
Animation and editing by Blair Lyons of Stroma Studios:
http://www.stromastudios.com
DNA - Replication, Wrapping & MitosisMultidimensional Genome – Dr. Robert Carter – video
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/8905048/
The Extreme Complexity Of Genes – Dr. Raymond G. Bohlin - video
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/8593991/
DNA Wrapping (Histone Protein Wrapping to Cell Division)- video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbSIBhFwQ4s
Did DNA replication evolve twice independently? - Koonin
Excerpt: However, several core components of the bacterial (DNA) replication machinery are unrelated or only distantly related to the functionally equivalent components of the archaeal/eukaryotic (DNA) replication apparatus.
http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/17/3389
Was our oldest ancestor a proton-powered rock?
Excerpt: In particular, the detailed mechanics of DNA replication would have been quite different. It looks as if DNA replication evolved independently in bacteria and archaea,... Even more baffling, says Martin, neither the cell membranes nor the cell walls have any details in common.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427306.200-was-our-oldest-ancestor-a-protonpowered-rock.html?page=1
Here’s a Very Complicated and Unique DNA Finding That Contradicts Evolution - Cornelius Hunter - April 2012
Excerpt: As your teacher assured you, evolution would be instantly falsified and discarded by all scientists if somewhere in the tree of life some organisms here or there revealed some other way of doing business.,, Well guess what? One-off solutions are all over the evolutionary tree. The pattern that evolutionists expected didn’t turn out.
http://darwins-god.blogspot.com/2012/04/heres-very-complicated-and-unique-dna.html
You Won’t Believe This One, Even Evolutionists Call it “Totally Crazy” - Cornelius Hunter - April 2012 (Link to article and video lecture)
Excerpt: It doesn’t make any sense on evolution not only because these are highly unique designs, but they then appear repeatedly, in otherwise very distant species. This is not what evolution expected and this is far beyond any level of evolutionary noise. Nor will the oft-used gene transfer explanation work in this case. This is an instance of massive convergence that makes no sense on evolution.
http://darwins-god.blogspot.com/2012/04/you-wont-believe-this-one-even.html
Dr. Jerry Bergman, "Divine Engineering: Unraveling DNA's Design":
The DNA packing process is both complex and elegant and is so efficient that it achieves a reduction in length of DNA by a factor of 1 million.
http://www.harunyahya.com/books/darwinism/if_darwin_had_known/if_darwin_had_known06.php#dipnot
DNA Packaging: Nucleosomes and Chromatin
Excerpt: each of us has enough DNA to go from here to the Sun and back more than 300 times, or around Earth's equator 2.5 million times! How is this possible?
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/DNA-Packaging-Nucleosomes-and-Chromatin-310
Comprehensive Mapping of Long-Range Interactions Reveals Folding Principles of the Human Genome - Oct. 2009
Excerpt: At the megabase scale, the chromatin conformation is consistent with a fractal globule, a knot-free, polymer conformation that enables maximally dense packing while preserving the ability to easily fold and unfold any genomic locus.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/326/5950/289
3-D Structure Of Human Genome: Fractal Globule Architecture Packs Two Meters Of DNA Into Each Cell - Oct. 2009
Excerpt: the information density in the nucleus is trillions of times higher than on a computer chip -- while avoiding the knots and tangles that might interfere with the cell's ability to read its own genome. Moreover, the DNA can easily unfold and refold during gene activation, gene repression, and cell replication.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091008142957.htm
Scientists' 3-D View of Genes-at-Work Is Paradigm Shift in Genetics - Dec. 2009
Excerpt: Highly coordinated chromosomal choreography leads genes and the sequences controlling them, which are often positioned huge distances apart on chromosomes, to these 'hot spots'. Once close together within the same transcription factory, genes get switched on (a process called transcription) at an appropriate level at the right time in a specific cell type. This is the first demonstration that genes encoding proteins with related physiological role visit the same factory.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091215160649.htm
600 Genes Involved in Fundamental Cell Division - Cornelius Hunter - July 2011
Excerpt: The hundreds of genes are involved in an absolutely fundamental biological process is yet another example of evolution’s failure to explain biology.
http://darwins-god.blogspot.com/2011/07/600-genes-involved-in-fundamental-cell.html
Dividing Cells 'Feel' Their Way Out Of Warp
"What we found is an exquisitely tuned mechanosensory system that keeps the cells shipshape so they can divide properly," - Douglas N. Robinson, Ph.D.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090910142402.htm
Getting a tighter grip on cell
DNA Transcription and Protein AssemblyTranscription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.
Transcription can be explained easily in 4 or 5 steps, each moving like a wave along the DNA.
Helicase unwinds/"unzips" the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides.
RNA nucleotides are paired with complementary DNA bases.
RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase.
Hydrogen bonds of the untwisted RNA+DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.
If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA is further processed (addition of a 3' poly-A tail and a 5' cap) and exits through to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.
for more info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)
Protein Synthesis AnimationThis animation shows the processes of transcription and translation of protein synthesis.
Higher quality version available at http://www.americanbookcompany.com/science.
DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation - IB SL Biology Past Exam Paper 1 QuestionsFACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/ibblueprint
TWITTER: http://www.twitter.com/ibblueprint
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WEBSITE: http://bio.ibblueprint.com
Standard Level IB Biology Past Paper 1 Exam questions. Please comment on what else you'd like me to do, and I'll try and do it :)
To download the complete set of questions, like us on our Facebook page above and click the "Download Now" button.
Find out how I get a 7 in HL biology using my 2 step plan - go to my website: http://bio.ibblueprint.com
Background music from http://www.danosongs.com
Thanks for watching!
Blame it on the DNALyrics by Mr. Cortez (Hogan High School) and Tom McFadden.
DISCLAIMER: We wrote this song to get students excited about the basics of protein synthesis and how proteins can affect phenotypes, including disease phenotypes. Note that very few things in life can actually be "blamed on DNA", and we hope you don't walk away from this video with that message. We also don't want to make light of the seriousness of genetic disease - just to help people understand its basis.
Animations by Drew Berry, via Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Available with narration at:
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/animations/index.html
Stanford Protein Synthesis Video available on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9dhO0iCLww
Thanks to D Davis for the Regulatin Genes shoutout.
Nucleus, DNA, Transcription, Translation in a Nutshell.wmv
DNA, Fantastic! Mr. W's DNA RapOn iTunes at https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/glenn-wolkenfeld/id555040717
On Amazon at http://tinyurl.com/pvt5kbb
Take the DNA Interactive Quiz at http://www.sciencemusicvideos.com/quizzes
Buy the video at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Glenn-Wolkenfeld-1
Get curriculum at http://www.sciencemusicvideos.com
On twitter, https://twitter.com/GlennWolkenfeld for the daily bio-haiku.
LYRICS:
Welcome, I'm so happy you came by
For a lesson 'bout the essence of b-i-o-l-o-g-y
DNA's the topic, it's so fantastic,
We talking 'bout Deoxyribonucleic acid
If you've ever wondered 'bout development in elephants
or bumble bees, coffee trees, well DNA's the recipe
In its home in a chromosome in the nucleus
DNA drives the bus, genetically controlling us
In ferns and worms infectious germs, mommy's egg and daddy's sperm
DNA's the information linking up the generations
It's the code of life so listen up well,
'Cause DNA's the molecule in charge of every cell
The shape is key and probably well known to you
Double helix, twisted ladder, or a double corkscrew
Imagine a twisted length of tape with
deoxyribose sugars on the edges with phosphates
Sugar phosphate sugar phosphate making up the sides of the
ladder with nitrogenous bases on the inside
with the bases like the rungs and together with
deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate make a nucleotide
Deoxyribonucleotides are the monomers
link them up together for the DNA polymer
Point three four nanometers marks the space between
one nucleotide and the next one's place
And for the helix to make one turn takes
10 bases in a row as you can discern
Since space 'tween nucleotides is point three four, one
turn takes nanometers three point four
So stylish!, So slick!
first described in fifty three by Watson and Crick and
don't forget Franklin she took that famous X-Ray pic
but she died so she never got her Nobel prize.
The nitrogenous bases comes in one of four varieties,
Known by the letters A, T, C and G
A is for Adenine, Thymine's got the "T"
C it stands for Cytosine and Guanine's got the "G"
A and G with two nitrogen rings are purines
C and T with one ring are pyrimidines
C only bonds with G, A only with T
Because like puzzle pieces they're complementary
They fit together. snuggled up like hand and glove,
like enzymes and substrates, like people in love
A-T, C-G, matched up like lock and key
Forming hydrogen bonds, either two or three.
Hydrogen bonds, you know they aren't very strong,
But they're enough to hold DNA together all day long
The way the bases fit together couldn't be sweeter,
they give DNA a width of two nanometers
DNA's double stranded, looks pretty swell
The strands' orientation is anti parallel
With one standing up, the other on its head
It's how they fit together, Crick and Watson said!
CHORUS
Sugars and phosphates make the backbone, the structure
But the sequence of the bases is where you find instructions for
Development of bodies and the cytoplasmic symphony,
That constitutes life's miracle in goats and golden algae,
Your sequence of bases is unique, a special batch,
Unless you're an identical twin it's nowhere matched,
And you can bet, that if you're not Jango Fett
That you got no clone, no one like you's been known!
Our bases comprise our individuality,
You might have "A" where I might have a "G"
Explaining why I'm bald and you got all that hair
These differences can show up anywhere,
The protein hemoglobin, now listen up well,
It carries oxygen in your red blood cells,
Hemoglobin's made of four protein pieces,
A trait widely shared among animal species.
Hundreds of bases spell one hemoglobin piece,
Hundreds of A's, G's, Ts and Cs
the gene starts CAC-GTG-CAC
Then TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC
The key is these bases are information,
For hemoglobin's function and conformation,
Hundreds of bases, in a predetermined order,
A single change brings on a major disorder,
Change T to A in one single spot
This little point mutation might not seem like a lot,
Thymine to Adenine might not seem that big to ya'
But baby that's the cause of sickle cell anemia
CHORUS
How Genes are Regulated: Transcription FactorsLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Stroma-Studios/290868104261105?sk=wall
Each cell in our body inherits the same master copy of DNA, but different cell types use it differently. Transcription Factors help influence which genes are used in which cell. Understanding how these dynamic proteins physically interact with DNA allows us to better understand and model their binding to DNA and their regulation of gene expression.
Scientific Direction by the Wasserman Lab at the University of British Columbia:
http://www.cmmt.ubc.ca/research/investigators/wasserman/lab
Animation and editing by Blair Lyons of Stroma Studios:
http://www.stromastudios.com
From RNA to Protein SynthesisRNA is synthesized from DNA, and enters the ribosome where protein translation and synthesis occurs.
DNA replication & transcriptionA review of DNA replication and transcription. Look for the inadvertant mutation! Disclaimer: This video (actually most of my videos) was made a review for a specific introductory biology course for non-majors. Thus, this video only goes into as much detail as the professors did, which was not much! If you need a more thorough review, there are a bunch of great videos on youtube, so keep searching!
Protein synthesis (DNA transcription, translation and folding)Animation of DNA transcription to m-RNA and translation to protein, including folding in a chaperonin.
DNA and RNA transcription video - real time DNA encoding prDNA video in real time. Show the amazing process of DNA transcription using amino acids to turn genes into proteins.
See more cool science videos at http://www.science-movies.com
DNA Transcription (Basic)Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production.
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).
TRANSCRIPT: What you are about to see is DNA's most extraordinary secret — how a simple code is turned into flesh and blood. It begins with a bundle of factors assembling at the start of a gene. A gene is simply a length of DNA instructions stretching away to the left. The assembled factors trigger the first phase of the process, reading off the information that will be needed to make the protein. Everything is ready to roll: three, two, one, GO! The blue molecule racing along the DNA is reading the gene. It's unzipping the double helix, and copying one of the two strands. The yellow chain snaking out of the top is a copy of the genetic message and it's made of a close chemical cousin of DNA called RNA. The building blocks to make the RNA enter through an intake hole. They are matched to the DNA - letter by letter - to copy the As, Cs, Ts and Gs of the gene. The only difference is that in the RNA copy, the letter T is replaced with a closely related building block known as "U". You are watching this process - called transcription - in real time. It's happening right now in almost every cell in your body.
DNA Transcription (Advanced)Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production.
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).
TRANSCRIPT: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: "DNA makes RNA makes protein" Here the process begins. Transcription factors assemble at a specific promoter region along the DNA. The length of DNA following the promoter is a gene and it contains the recipe for a protein. A mediator protein complex arrives carrying the enzyme RNA polymerase. It manoeuvres the RNA polymerase into place... inserting it with the help of other factors between the strands of the DNA double helix. The assembled collection of all these factors is referred to as the transcription initiation complex... and now it is ready to be activated. The initiation complex requires contact with activator proteins, which bind to specific sequences of DNA known as enhancer regions. These regions may be thousands of base pairs distant from the start of the gene. Contact between the activator proteins and the initiation-complex releases the copying mechanism. The RNA polymerase unzips a small portion of the DNA helix exposing the bases on each strand. Only one of the strands is copied. It acts as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule which is assembled one sub-unit at a time by matching the DNA letter code on the template strand. The sub-units can be seen here entering the enzyme through its intake hole and they are joined together to form the long messenger RNA chain snaking out of the top.
DNA, Hot Pockets, & The Longest Word Ever: Crash Course Biology #11Hank imagines himself breaking into the Hot Pockets factory to steal their secret recipes and instruction manuals in order to help us understand how the processes known as DNA transcription and translation allow our cells to build proteins.
Like CrashCourse on Facebook! http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Table of Contents:
1) Transcription 2:12
A) Transcription Unit 3:00
B) Promoter 3:10
C) TATA Box 3:32
D) RNA Polymerase 4:12
E) mRNA 4:15
F) Termination signal 5:21
G) 5' Cap & Poly-A Tail 5:34
2) RNA Splicing 6:08
A) SNuRPs & Spliceosome 6:26
B) Exons & Introns 6:56
3) Translation 7:28
A) mRNA & tRNA 8:01
B) Triplet Codons & Anticodons 8:39
4) Folding & Protein Structure 10:51
A) Primary Structure 11:11
B) Secondary Structure 11:23
C) Tertiary Structure 11:58
D) Quaternary Structure 12:44
Links to episodes referenced in the video:
DNA structure episode: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kK2zwjRV0M
Animal cells episode: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj8dDTHGJBY
Fold-it SciShow episode: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdBcpdH_ptA
REFERENCES for this video can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-2mxX
This video contains the following sounds from Freesound.org:
"IMPresora.wav" by melack
"swishes.wav" by pogotron
tags: crashcourse, science, biology, DNA, titin, hot pocket, transcription, translation, gene, RNA, enzyme, transcription unit, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, TATA box, DNA strand, mRNA, messenger RNA, RNA polymerase, uracil, termination signal, RNA splicing, SNuRPs, spliceosome, exons, introns, ribosome, tRNA, transfer RNA, amino acid, nitrogenous base, codon, anticodon, polypeptide chain, folding, helix, pleated sheets, protein biosynthesis, gene expression Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
Mechanism of DNA Replication (Basic)Knowing the structure of DNA, scientists speculated and then proved that DNA is the template for copying the genetic code. See how information in DNA is copied to make new DNA molecules.
Originally created for DNA Interactive ( http://www.dnai.org ).
TRANSCRIPT: Using computer animation based on molecular research, we are now able to see how DNA is actually copied in living cells. You are looking at an assembly line of amazing miniature biochemical machines that are pulling apart the DNA double helix and cranking out a copy of each strand. The DNA to be copied enters the production line from bottom left. The whirling blue molecular machine is called helicase. It spins the DNA as fast as a jet engine as it unwinds the double helix into two strands. One strand is copied continuously and can be seen spooling off to the right. Things are not so simple for the other strand because it must be copied backwards. It is drawn out repeatedly in loops, and copied one section at a time. The end result is two new DNA molecules.
DNA Structure and Replication: Crash Course Biology #10Hank introduces us to that wondrous molecule deoxyribonucleic acid - also known as DNA - and explains how it replicates itself in our cells.
Like CrashCourse on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Follow CrashCourse on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
References for this episode can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-2hCl
1:41 link to Biological Molecules http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0
Table of Contents:
1) Nucleic Acids 1:30
2) DNA
-A) Polymers 1:53
-B) Three Ingredients 2:12
-C) Base Pairs 3:45
-D) Base Sequences 4:13
3) Pop Quiz 5:07
4) RNA 5:36
-A) Three Differences from DNA 5:43
5) Biolography 6:16
6) Replication 8:49
-A) Helicase and Unzipping 9:22
-B) Leading Strand 9:38
-C) DNA Polymerase 10:08
-D) RNA Primase 10:24
-E) Lagging Strand 10:46
-F) Okazaki Fragments 11:07
-F) DNA Ligase 11:47
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, chromosome, nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, RNA, polymer, nucleotide, double helix, nucleotide base, base pair, base sequence, friedrich miescher, rosalind franklin, replication, helicase, leading strand, lagging strand, rna primase, dna polymerase, okazaki fragment Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
DNA Replication: The Cell's Extreme Team SportLearn the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and what it means to be a leading or lagging strand! DNA replication is a very intricate and fascinating process that you don't want to miss.
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DNA Replication Animation - Super EASYDNA Replication Animation
More Info: http://www.medical-institution.com/dna-replication-animation/
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This information is intended for educational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as medical advice. Please consult your physician for advice about changes that may affect your health.
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