What is Soil (and Why is it Important)?: Crash Course Geography #17Soil brings together all four spheres of physical geography, and understanding soil composition is kind of like baking! So in today's episode, we're going to show you how to create the perfect soil cake, examine its different soil horizons, and then take you on a trip along the 20th meridian from the Congo to northern Europe to show you how the composition of soil varies dramatically with the environment. Soils are the foundation of life on Earth, from the local ecosystems of plants and animals to the crops we grow and food we eat, so it is up to us to care for it as we decide how to manage our land and resources.
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FULL EPISODE | Rick and Morty Season 5 Premiere: Mort Dinner Rick Andre | adult swimBig man coming for dinner, broh. Better check the booze. Watch the full season 5 premiere here, and catch all-new episodes of Rick and Morty Sundays at 11pm on Adult Swim.
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FULL EPISODE | Rick and Morty Season 5 Premiere: Mort Dinner Rick Andre | adult swim
La Memoire Dure - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/lamemoiredure.html Ibrahim lived with his uncle in the woods in Mali, for a few days he attended Koran school. Alpha comes from Liberia, and during the war his family was dispersed. Nawel lived in Algeria where his large family was forced to have him adopted and taken to France. All these children attended the same preparation class for learning French in a compulsory school in Paris that is aimed at inserting them as soon as possible in normal primary school classes. For 9 months, the film director filmed these children, showing how they were received in France and the relationship established between teachers and pupils. The children learn not only the language but also the values of their host society.
a film by Rossella Ragazzi
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
!Kung Bushmen Hunting Equipment - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/kung-bushmen-hunting.html This film shows in detail all the pieces in the Ju/'hoan hunting kit and how each piece is made and used, from the collection of the raw materials to the final fabrication, including the preparation of poison arrows. !Kung Bushmen Hunting Equipment was shot by John Marshall between 1951 and 1953; it was edited by Frank Galvin under Lorna Marshall's direction.
a film by John Marshall
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Dollars and Dreams: West Africans in New York - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/dollars-and-dreams.html Dollars and Dreams is a documentary film focused on the pursuits and challenges of numerous West African immigrants as they confront the idea of the American Dream and the reality of the New York experience. Including additional perspective from scholars, authors, and community leaders, the film creates a vibrant portrait of African achievement throughout the city, while exploring the complicated issues African immigrants face as they balance their deep connections to Africa and their enthusiastic commitments to America.
by Jeremy Rocklin
produced by Jeremy Rocklin and Abdel Kader Ouedraogo
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Bushman's Secret - TRAILERPurchase film: http://www.der.org/films/bushmans-secret.html
Unable to survive as they once did hunting and gathering, the Khomani San now live in a state of poverty that threatens to see the last of this community forever. One plant could make all the difference. Hoodia, a cactus used by Bushmen for centuries, has caught the attention of a giant pharmaceutical company. Bushman's Secret features breathtaking footage of the Kalahari landscape, and exposes us to a world where modernity collides with ancient ways, at a time when each has, strangely, come to rely on the other.
A Kalahari Family - TRAILERPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/a-kalahari-family.html
A Kalahari Family is a five-part, six-hour series documenting 50 years in the lives of the Ju/'hoansi of southern Africa, from 1951 to 2000. These once independent hunter-gatherers experience dispossession, confinement to a homeland, and the chaos of war. Then as hope for Namibian independence and the end of apartheid grows, Ju/'hoansi fight to establish farming communities and reclaim their traditional lands. The series challenges stereotypes of "Primitive Bushmen" with images of the development projects Ju/'hoansi are carrying out themselves.
A Kalahari Family by John Marshall
Trailer edited by Frank Aveni
The Swahili Beat - TRAILERPurchase film: http://www.der.org/films/swahili-beat.html
THE SWAHILI BEAT is an upbeat look at the remarkable history of the Swahili people of Kenya and Tanzania's East African coast. Packed with the music and dance of its indigenous peoples, the film takes viewers along the coast from the fabled island of Lamu to Zanzibar, Mombasa, Kilwa, Bagamoyo and Dar es Salaam, tracing the development of the Swahili culture through the intermarriage of Arab settlers, arriving from Oman in the 8th century, with local Africans.
Return to Belaye: A Rite of Passage - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/return-to-belaye.html The film focuses on filmmaker, Amy Flannery and her husband, Papis Goudiaby, as they leave their home in the United States and journey back to Papis' birthplace (Belaye, Senegal) where he must undergo the tribe's traditional initiation rite. Dressed in colorful ceremonial costumes and under the influence of hallucinogenic roots, the villagers fire cannons, wave knives in the air, and dance a themselves into a frenzy. It's a tough ordeal for the initiates and agonizing for Flannery, who wavers between feelings of alienation and angst watching her husband go through the ritual. More than an anthropological study of an ancient initiation rite, this film is an honest and intimate cross-cultural love story.
a film by Amy Flannery
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Small Targets: Children & Landmines in Mozambique - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/small-targets.html As Mozambique emerges from a past filled with civil war, the threat of landmines indefinitely remains. Amidst a country where a variety of devastating economic and health concerns take top priority, de-mining programs are generally unfunded and minimal. Small Targets: Children and Landmines in Mozambique explores this issue and how it directly effects the most innocent of citizens: the children. In Mozambique alone, there are an estimated ten people killed or injured by landmines each week, and many of the victims are children. As landmines are undetectable without proper equipment and training, the risk of detonation is constant and inescapable.
a film by David A. Feingold
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Pull Ourselves Up or Die Out - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/pull-ourselves-up.html "Pull Ourselves Up or Die Out" is a field report which provides visual and factual information on the situation of the !Kung San people at Tshum!Kwi, in Namibia, where N!ai, the Story of a !Kung Woman was filmed. The report includes footage shot at or near Tshum!Kwi between the years of 1980 and 1984 and was an outgrowth of research conducted by John Marshall and Claire Ritchie during those same years.
a film by John Marshall, Jonathan Sahula, John Terry
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Roots of African Culture - PREVIEWPurchase: http://der.org/films/roots-of-african-culture.html An important aspect of apartied ideology dealt with historical revisionism and propaganda. It proclaimed that black peoples were not the owners of Southern Africa by stating that the whites arrived nearly at the same time in the same areas. Today a crucial objective of every dedicated teacher in history (as well as other disciplines) is to erase this interpretation as presented in earlier textbooks, and insure that their students have clearly understood the genuine history of their country. Roots of African Culture, a video produced by the University of Natal, is an indispensable pedagogical tool in this perspective.
a film by Michael Chapman and Keyan Tomaselli with the graduate students in Cultural and Media Studies at the University of Natal, Durban SA
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
African Carving: A Dogon Kanaga Mask - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/african-carving.html The Kanaga mask is used in deeply sacred rituals by the Dogon people of Mali. Carving this mask is as important a ritual as the ceremonies in which the mask is used. The carver, a blacksmith, finds the proper tree and, in a secret cave outside the village, he shapes the mask with gestures which repeat the movement of the dancers who will wear it. When a dancer wears the Kanaga mask he becomes the Creator symbolically. He touches the ground with his mask and directs a soul to Heaven. Although these dances are now frequently performed for the public, the meaning of Kanaga is retained by the Dogon who fear, respect and depend on the power of the mask.
a film by Thomas Blakely and Eliot Elisofon
in collaboration with Robert Gardner for The Film Study Center at Harvard University
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Wandering Warrior - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/wandering-warrior.html In 1983, at the age of 19. Maasai warrior Mpeti Ole Surum, left his homeland in Southern Kenya. He left his cattle, sheep and goats. He moved from the community where he lived among other warriors to attend school and learn the English language; an opportunity unknown to others in his village.
Mpeti had met American tourists who were on a safari in Kenya. Their talk of the "outside world" interested him; they encouraged Mpeti to think about education. But his father beat and put a curse on him at the mention of school. Only after Mpeti persuaded the chief of his village to speak on his behalf, did his father concede. Mpeti entered the first grade at 19, changed his name to "Tom" and graduated three years later with an eighth grade education, able to read and write in English.
The Maasai people possess great pride and self-respect. Their life within a rigid social structure maintains the harmony that has sustained them for thousands of years in the great Rift Valley of Kenya. According to Maasai tradition, the warrior earns privileges by performing special duties. Tom underwent a series of rituals during his development as a warrior, including circumcision at age 15. The most honorable achievement for a warrior is the slaying of a lion. Tom killed two.
Tom took a job at Keekorok Lodge, a resort owned by the United Touring Company (UTC), Kenya's largest tourist agency located in the Maasai Mara Game Reserve. He worked as a grounds keeper, room steward, a salesman and a manager in the gift shop. But he made an impression on the guests when he began speaking about Maasai culture. In hopes of attracting others to Kenya, UTC sent Tom to entertain in London, England. Within months the nomadic warrior had become a sought after lecturer, entertainer and talk show guest.
a film by Clifford Moskow, Warthog Productions
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
The Nuer - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/the-nuer.html
The Nuer call themselves Naath. Only their immediate neighbors, the Dinka, Shilluk and Arabs, call them Nuer. Most foreigners, which includes those with whom the Nuer neither fought nor traded, are called Bar which means 'almost entirely cattleless'. Those foreigners who live even more remotely and include Europeans are called Jur which means 'entirely cattleless', a most unthinkable state indeed.
The people of Ciengach, where the film was made, are the Eastern Jikany, one of about a sixteen distinct tribes of Nuer. Twenty-five years ago E.E. Evans Pritchard estimated the total population of Nuer to be around a quarter of a million. Since then the number has undoubtedly dwindled considerably due to warfare, civil strife, sickness, drought and the general abandonment of traditional lifeways.
a film by Robert Gardner and Hilary Harris
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Sweet Sorghum - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/sweet-sorghum.html In Sweet Sorghum we are introduced to the filmmaker's daughter, Rosie, (now in her early twenties) as she reflects on her childhood spent among the Hamar herdsmen, an isolated people of southwestern Ethiopia. The film reveals the intimacy of shared family life and childhood relationships between the Hamar, Rosie and her brother. We learn about the important role sorghum plays in the Hamar diet, how the sorghum is harvested and the different ways it can be prepared. This film collaboration between a father and his daughter goes a long way towards helping us all to understand our common humanity no matter where and under what conditions we were born and raised.
a film by Rosie and Ivo Strecker
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
N/um Tchai: Ceremonial Dance of the Bushmen - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/num-tchai.html Tchai is the word used by Ju/'hoansi to describe getting together to dance and sing; n/um can be translated as medicine, or supernatural potency. In the 1950's, when this film was shot, Ju/'hoansi gathered for "medicine dances" often, usually at night, and sometimes such dances lasted until dawn. In this film, women sit on the ground, clapping and singing and occasionally dancing a round or two, while men circle around them, singing and stamping rhythms with their feet. The strength of the songs is their n/um, or medicine, thought to be a gift from the great god. N/um is also in the fire, and even more so in the "owners of medicine," or healers.
a film by John Marshall
from the !Kung series
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Jean Rouch and His Camera in the Heart of Africa - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/jean-and-camera-in-africa.html Jean Rouch and His Camera in the Heart of Africa provides an in-depth look at the film work of Jean Rouch and his associates from Niger who participated in the production of many of Rouch's Niger-based films. Most of the camera and technical work was accomplished by Niger filmmakers. Bregstein, Rouch, Damoure, Lam, their friend Tollou and others converse about filmmaking and filmmakers who have had historical influence in the field; segments from several of Rouch's earlier film works are interspersed with the filming in Niger and with interviews. Some of the films from which clips are included and discussed by Rouch and Bregstein are Chronicle of a Summer, Moi, un Noir, Tourou et Bitti, Battle on the Great River, Jaguar, Les Maitres Fous, The Lion Hunters, and Petit a Petit.
a film by Philo Bregstein
in cooperation with Dutch Television
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
The !Kung San: Resettlement - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/kung-resettlement.html In comparison to !Kung San: Traditional Life, this video shows some of the dramatic changes in life-style that Ju/'hoansi had experienced by 1986. No longer able to rely on hunting and gathering for subsistence, Ju/'hoansi collect mealie meal welfare, spend money earned from army jobs on alcohol and consumer goods, and live in a crowded area with increased fighting and illness. With a move back to traditional lands and development of cattle herding and subsistence agriculture, there is hope that Ju/'hoansi can be successful in a mixed economy.
a film by John Marshall
from the !Kung series
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
In the Shadow of the Sun - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/in-the-shadow-of-the-sun.html A film about a Dogon funeral and enthronement ritual.
In Mali, 800 kilometers northeast of the capital of Bamako, the cliffs of Bandiagara stretch about 300 kilometers and reach a height of 300 meters. It is here among the Arou, one of the four tribes of the Dogon population, that Amma, Lord and creator of the world, chose the supreme religious chief who was responsible for fertility, rain and order on earth. The chief priest, called a hogon, resides with a few members of his family in an isolated sanctuary given the name of his cast, "Arou", a sanctuary embedded in the cliffs, sheltered from the eyes of men. In 1984, the last of the Arou hogons died. At the bequest of the elders, his son, Ogomale, accepted the offer to replace his father temporarily to avoid leaving the position vacant. Due to economic troubles and religious discord, the funeral was not set until June 7th, 1992. For three days and two nights, the men of the Arou clan and neighboring families came to pay homage to the priest. Six weeks later, the nomination and the enthronement of the successor are organized. After his enthronement the hogon will spend the rest of his life in the sanctuary of Arou, and he will not be allowed to leave under any circumstances.
a film by Nadine Wanono and Philippe Lourdou
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Inagina: The Last House of Iron - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/inagina.html Swiss archaeologist Eric Huysecom and cameraman Bernard Augustoni work with 13 master smelters to recreate the building of a traditional furnace for smelting iron in Mali. There has not been any traditional iron smelting in Africa since the 1960's, in part due to the importing of cheaper substitutes. The building of the furnaces and the work involved in the actual production is deeply entwined with ritual, symbolism and gender. This film describes in great detail every aspect of the event, from the selection of the site of the reconstruction - which is the oldest remaining furnace site in the region, last active in 1961 - to the final result. This is an important film for African Studies, Archaeology, Religion, Ritual, Technology and Gender.
a film by Eric Huysecom, (Geneva) and Bernard Augustoni
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Ghurbal (Egypt)- PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/ghurbal.html This film examines the Egyptian rural craft of making a sieve called ghurbal (from the Arabic ghurbal meaning "to winnow" which is used to both "winnow" babies on their seventh day of life and to winnow grains for making ceremonial dishes, particularly kouskousi). Embedded in this material culture artifact are layered meanings of creative regeneration of the cosmic and human worlds.
a film by Fadwa El Guindi
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
First Film - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/first-film.html First Film was edited and narrated by Lorna Marshall and is comprised of footage shot in 1951 on the second Marshall family expedition to the Kalahari Desert. It is intimate in style, very carefully filmed, with a wealth of practical information about the material culture and structure of Ju/'hoan (!Kung Bushmen) hunter-gatherer society. The film allows viewers to see some of John Marshall's earliest film footage and provides an interesting comparison with the more sophisticated shooting found in his later work.
a film by Lorna Marshall
from the !Kung series
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
El Sebou' - Egyptian Birth Ritual - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/el-sebou-egyptian-birth-ritual.html In Egypt, a birth ritual called el-sebou', meaning "the seventh," happens on the seventh day following the physical birth of a child of either sex and is celebrated by Coptic and Muslim families of all status groups, rural and urban. Characteristic of this ritual is the gender-linked imagery also manifest in the ritual clay pot. The ceremony celebrates the newborn's crossing a threshold from a neutral gender and status into a world of gender differentiation and family hierarchy. This particular sebou' is celebrated for twins, a boy and a girl, in a rising middle class Muslim family in urban Egypt. Anthropologist Fadwa El Guindi portrays the sebou' ritual as a rite of passage with the universal three phases of transition (separation, liminality, incorporation) and as the key ceremony in an individual's life cycle until marriage. Focusing on -- and showing the proveniences of -- the variety of objects and materials, the film's perspective highlights the central role of the female ritual leader and provides a kinesthetic spatial sense of the ceremony. The editing combines both an analytic and an emic approach, allowing the participants to speak for themselves without losing a broader anthropological perspective.
a film by Fadwa El Guindi
from the Egypt series
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
El Moulid: Egyptian Religious Festival - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/el-moulid.html Moulid (spoken Arabic meaning "birth") refers to a public religious festival celebrating the life and legacy of a holy person. The film vividly captures the festive and religious mood of the very 700-year old moulid of the 13th century Muslim Wali, Sayyid Ahmad Al-Badawy, held annually in Tanta, Egypt during cotton harvest.
a film by Fadwa El Guindi
from the Egypt series
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Duka's Dilemma - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/duka-dilemma.html Duka is a married woman and mother of five young children, living in Hamar, Southern Ethiopia. Ever since her husband married a beautiful, young, second wife, Duka has been in a state of emotional turmoil. Among the Hamar, who live with herds and cultivate small fields of sorghum in their remote, bush-covered country, men are allowed to marry more than one wife, but only a few men ever do so.
Duka wonders why her husband married again; did he find her too old, or was he turned off because of her chronic malaria? Also, she doesn't know what to make of the new wife who is silent and never expresses her feelings except in rage? And on top of this, her mother-in-law keeps making trouble and is angry with her son for marrying a second wife behind her back.
Personal and intimate, the film follows the drama of this family in crisis, the high points of which are the birth of the new wife's child, and nine months later, a heated dispute between the mother-in-law and her son, which leads to the building of a new house.
Duka, her husband, her mother-in-law and the second wife voice their different points of view as events proceed and the crisis finally gets resolved. The language of the film is Hamar, and is translated by subtitles. There is no need for extra commentary from the filmmakers, whose presence and close relationship to the people are always evident.
a film by Jean Lydall and Kaira Strecker
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
One Man's Journey Part III: The Crocodile River - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/crocodile-river.html The Crocodile River explores how crossing international borders and emotional boundaries enables two people of vastly different cultures - one American and one African - to find common ground. The film begins when Perkins embarks on a ten-week exploration of the Limpopo River in southern Africa with Bonus Lunga, a Zimbabwean man who had never left his small village on the shores of Lake Cariba. Perkins' initial goal is to investigate the Africa behind the headlines, but he soon finds himself challenging his own assumptions and stereotypes about Africans. Both travelers come to unique discoveries about the river, its region, its people and each other. The result is a remarkable tale of friendship and the discovery of joy, resilience, and human connection amidst political and economic suffering.
a film by Robert Perkins
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
The Blooms Of Banjeli - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/blooms-of-banjeli.html The Blooms of Banjeli documents research in Banjeli, Togo on iron-smelting technology, its rituals, and the sexual prohibitions surrounding it. Including rare historical footage from the same village in 1914, it provides a unique technological record of the traditional method of preparing a furnace to smelt iron. This documentary offers an interesting approach to our understanding of the relationship between conceptions of gender and technology in traditional African society. The people of Banjeli liken the furnace to a woman's body, which is 'impregnated' by the smelter. The process of smelting is compared to that of giving birth, the furnace being the womb and the iron bloom, the newborn.
a film by Carlyn Saltman with Candice Gaucher and Eugenia Herbert
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Legacy of the Spirits - PREVIEWPurchase: http://www.der.org/films/legacy-of-the-spirits.html For centuries, the religion of Vodou (called "voodoo" by outsiders) has been thought of as sticking pins in dolls or witchcraft and has been kept underground, giving way to much misunderstanding and sensationalism. This documentary shows how Vodou is a valid and serious belief system. The film interweaves exciting Vodou ceremonies, important scholarly information, compelling music, and images of colorful ritual objects, to show the beauty behind what has been one of the world's most misunderstood religions. The film traces the religion from Africa to Haiti to New York City, all explained by priests and priestesses who practice Vodou and who give the film the quality of being both informative, yet personal.
a film by Karen Kramer
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Fishers of Dar - PREVIEWPurchase: http://der.org/films/fishers-of-dar.html FISHERS OF DAR is an ethnographic film about the fishermen and women of downtown Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It explores the continuity and integrity of traditional fishing practices in new, contemporary settings. Dar es Salaam is a metropolis of 3 million people yet the city's demand for fish is entirely met by equipment, methods and tools that have been used here for hundreds of years.
a film by Lina Fruzzetti, Ákos Östör, & Steven Ross
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Friends, Fools, Family - PREVIEWJean Rouch is known to many worldwide as a French anthropologist and innovative filmmaker. Much of his work is linked to the birth of cinéma vérité. However, Rouch's fifty-year involvement with a particular group of people in Niger shines a more personal light on his work - one of friendship and collaboration. Together with this group, Rouch made numerous ethnographic films and developed their own cinematographic style. These films have been termed 'ethno-fictions.'
In 2003, two Danish anthropologists and filmmakers went to Niger to make a film with Rouch's friends. Their film was going to be an exploration of the methods of the group. It became a story about how this unique collaboration came to change the lives of both the filmmaker and his friends.
Visit the Jean Rouch tribute website:http://der.org/jean-rouch/content/index.php
a video by Berit Madsen and Anne Mette Jørgensen
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
Asmara - capitol of the East African nation of Eritrea - is recognized as an architectural gem. In this film Asmarinos from different walks of life guide us through the streets of their city and bring us to places of their choice. In doing so, and by talking about 'their own' Asmara, each person locates personal memories in public spaces investing the urban environment with individual meanings. Through their narrations - a chorus of different experiences embodying the nation - the country's history from colonialism to independence comes to life.
a video by Caterina Borelli
distributed by Documentary Educational Resources
